Social Style Research Articles

Intrapersonal Emotional Intelligence during Adolescence: Sex Differences, Connection with other Variables, and Predictors.

This study explores Intrapersonal Emotional Intelligence (IEI) with the objectives of: (1) analyzing possible differences due to sex and age, and the request for psychological assistance for behavioral and emotional problems; (2) finding evidence of personality traits, social behaviors, and parental socialization styles that are characteristic of adolescents with low IEI; and (3) identifying variables that predict high IEI. The sample comprised 2283 participants aged 12–17 years from the Basque Country (northern Spain). Results: (1) Females had greater emotional attention capacity but there were no sex differences in emotional comprehension and emotion regulation; (2) adolescents aged 12–14 showed higher scores in comprehension and emotion regulation than those aged 15–17; (3) adolescents who consulted a psychologist for problems (anxiety, depression, violence, etc.) had lower emotion regulation; (4) adolescents with low IEI had less empathy, self-esteem, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and responsibility, and lower use of cooperative and passive conflict-resolution strategies, and their parents had a low level of acceptance-affection towards their children. They also engaged in more bullying/cyberbullying and antisocial behaviors. (5) High IEI predictor variables were: using cooperative conflict-resolution strategies; traits such as extroversion, responsibility, openness, and empathy; and a high level of maternal acceptance-affection. The work identifies relevant variables for designing intervention programs and shows the importance of promoting IEI and interpersonal emotional intelligence as a factor in the development and prevention of bullying/cyberbullying.

The Potential Impact of Mass Media Education in the Psycho-Social Life and Epidemiology of Sickle Cell Disease in Nigeria

The lack of public awareness and education is the greatest challenge in the fight against Sickle Disease (SCD) in Nigeria. The sufferers of the disease experience debilitating pains, psychological challenges, stigmatization and as a result many have very poor social life style. What enduring step, has the mass media, as a reliable societal medium taken to address the spread of SCD? No serious attention has been given to the use of media technology in the education of the masses on the risk factors of SCD. The mass media has a key role to play in the treatment and management of SCD in Nigeria.

Redefining Coronavirus: Update on the Impacts of COVID-19 in the Rural Areas of Abia State

Public health professionals working in rural communities are aware of the health disparities which result from lack of physicians, limited services, and income during the pandemic. Also they are aware that some populations are more vulnerable than others. People in the rural areas are experiencing problems on their physical, social and economic life styles because the pandemic is exacerbating some inequities. Individuals especially women and children in the rural areas are facing barriers in accessing health care services due to lack of resources and availability of health care providers in the communities. With COVID-19, women are less likely to seek services, including sexual and reproductive health services. Such services may be postponed to limit exposure to COVID-19 infection. This is particularly disturbing because in addition to the women maintaining their own health, they are also responsible for taking care of the mental, emotional and physical health needs of their families as well as all domestic responsibilities. As such, women in rural settings face special challenges as a result of these significant roles they play. Therefore, the impacts of COVID-19 are exacerbated on women by virtue of their sex and the roles they play in the family. This is a qualitative study that reviewed the reports of the 36 health care professionals under the aegis of members of COVID-19 committee working in partnership with state government to control, prevent and cushion the effects of COVID-19 in the society. This study is therefore, a summary of the observations of the COVID-19 committee members made up of 10(27.8%) females and 26(72.2%) males. The study focused on exploring how individual lifestyles in the rural areas have been affected in the face of COVID- 19 pandemic by identifying the vulnerabilities in social, political and economic systems which can amplify the impacts of the pandemic. Findings showed that preventive measures like lockdown and social distancing rules, wearing of face mask, hand washing with soap, and environmental cleanliness were not observed. The study noted that health seeking behaviours, sexual and marital life including income, education, employment and social interactions were all negatively affected. Most hospitals were battered and health care professionals boycotted the hospitals for fear of being infected. It was found that lack of health workers in the hospitals caused a good number of individuals to engage in self-medications. Also most pregnant women delivered their babies at home and few with traditional birth attendants. Some of the women who had deliveries at home experienced complications during and after delivery. Unfortunately, the report showed that governments’ financial supports to these women and their family members were insignificant as the government was more concerned with mitigating the spread of COVID-19 than assisting women to have safe deliveries. Therefore, the vulnerable groups especially women, children, and the elderly who experienced threats to their safety and wellbeing as a result of the services that were disrupted during the pandemic, should be assisted so as not to lose their lives to preventable diseases.

Bullying Victimization in Young Females with Fragile-X-Syndrome.

The aim of this study is to investigate the risk associated with girls with fragile X syndrome (FXS) suffering bullying in the role of a victim and its effects on their adaptive behavior, socialization style, and emotional state. A neuropsychological assessment was carried out on a sample of 40 participants (26 FXS positive and 14 control group) using the following instruments: WISC-V, SENA, BAS-2, ABAS-II. The results show that the group of girls with FXS presented higher ratios of lack of social support and isolation from classmates. This finding suggests that problems with social interaction and communication in the group of girls with FXS could lead to difficulties in interpreting social signals and identifying situations of bullying correctly, placing them in a very vulnerable situation.

Trabajadoras sexuales de Cochabamba: una aproximación sociodemográfica

Objetivos: identificar el perfil sociodemográfico de las trabajadoras sexuales del departamento de Cochabamba. Método: el estudio fue no experimental, transversal y descriptivo, realizado en el Centro Departamental de Vigilancia, Información y Referencia - CDVIR, con una muestra de 433 trabajadoras sexuales. Presenta un nivel de confianza de 95% y error muestral de 4,63%. El instrumento fue un cuestionario autoaplicable validado por el Comité de Docencia e Investigación del Instituto Psiquiátrico San Juan de Dios, en el cual se utilizaron variables que fueron sometidas a estudios de frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Se cumplieron con los principios de la Declaración de Helsinki. Resultados: las trabajadoras sexuales son jóvenes, provenientes de la zona urbana de las ciudades del eje troncal del país, no tienen compañero fijo, tienen hijos, un alto nivel de escolaridad, no practican ninguna religión, consumen bebidas alcohólicas con regularidad, iniciaron la vida laboral y el trabajo sexual a temprana edad, sin familiares conocedores del trabajo, menos de cinco años de ejercicio de la actividad, deseos de dejar el trabajo sexual, pero sin condiciones de hacerlo por las necesidades económicas. Conclusiones: las mujeres que ejercen el trabajo sexual tienen una carga familiar alta y dificultades de acceder al mercado laboral formal para generar ingresos para subsistir y mantener la prole, resultado de la feminización de la pobreza, del machismo de la sociedad y estilo social patriarcal, asociado al desamparo del Estado. Es necesario cambiar el paradigma de la mujer en la sociedad para cambiar esta realidad.

Implementing a training program to promote mindful, empathic, and pro-environmental attitudes in the classroom: a controlled exploratory study with elementary school students

There is a growing interest in researching the effects of meditative practices on the mental health of students. However, less enthusiasm has been shown for research into their effects on social and pro-environmental attitudes. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a training program to promote mindful, empathic, and pro-environmental attitudes in elementary school students. A nonrandomized controlled exploratory study with two arms (treated and controls) and pre-post measurements was performed. The training program (3 weekly 5-min practice sessions over 4 months) was implemented in a classroom of 25 students between the ages of 10 and 12 years (64% boys). All the students completed self-report measures of mindfulness (Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure), empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index), and environmental attitudes (New Ecological Paradigm Scale for Children). Compared to the control group, the students who participated in the training program showed significant improvements in mindfulness skills with large effects, in considerate social style and cognitive empathy with medium effects, and in pro-environmental attitudes with large effects. This is one of the first studies to attempt to implement a training program integrated into the school curriculum to develop mindful, empathic, and pro-environmental attitudes in elementary school students without disrupting the flow of lessons. The program, which consists of very short sessions, may contribute to increasing children’s sense of connectedness, humanity, and nature in a feasible and effective way. However, more sophisticated trial designs are required in order to assess the scope of our results.

Ambivalent sexism in adolescence: The relationship between family socialization styles and ambivalent sexism in adolescence

The aims of the present study are to identify the role that family socialisation styles play in ambivalent sexism and whether differences in sexism can be attributed to gender. We used a sample of 207 adolescents (56.5% girls), all of whom attended state schools and were aged between 14 and 18 years old, with an average age of 16.2 (SD = 1.7). The instruments used were the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) consisting of two factors – hostile sexism and benevolent sexism – and the Family Socialization Scale (SOC-30) made up of four subscales: support, punishment/coercion, overprotection/control, and reprobation. The results show that boys presented higher levels of ambivalent sexism than girls and the reprobation of adolescents was the family socialization type that had the strongest associations with ambivalent sexism scales in both genders. The data suggest that family socialisation dynamics play an important role in the acquisition and retention of sexist attitudes.

TAFSIR AKADEMIK KARYA MAHMUD YUNUS: CORAK ILMIAH, SOSIAL DAN INTELEKTUAL DALAM TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN AL-KARIM

This article describes the academic aspects of the interpretation of Mahmud Yunus which is named Tafsir Al-Qur’an al-Karim. This interpretation is one of the pioneers of Indonesian-language interpretation works that are widely used by the majority of Muslims in Indonesia. He dared to introduce the use of Latin letters for translation and interpretation of the Qur'an. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The conclusion of this study is that the academic aspects of Mahmud Yunus' interpretation work include scientific, social and intellectual styles. The scientific style in its interpretation is a new style that is associated with developing science, so its interpretation seems to emphasize the close relationship between the Qur'an and the development of science and technology which are the main characteristics of modern thought. The social and intellectual patterns are more demonstrated by Mahmud Yunus through the use of elements of common expressions, as well as traditions, customs and socio-cultural phenomena in their interpretation.

Playful qualities of toddling style in adult–child interaction

ABSTRACT This study explores toddling style in adult–child interaction. Toddling style was conceptualised by Gunvor Løkken in relation to toddlers’ playful and social style in peer groups; however, adults’ position was rarely explored. Therefore, this article aims to examine adults’ emotional and playful support in creating, maintaining and developing toddling style. A cultural–historical approach and a multimodal interaction analysis is used for analysing toddling style in naturally occurring adult–child interaction. Video observations were made in ECEC in Australia and Finland. Drawing on three representative empirical cases, we argue that toddling style is a unique embodied way of being together as well as a form of play between adults and children. Findings show the importance of adults’ participation in play for creating a playful community. Implications suggest the important role of adults’ emotional and playful support in maintaining toddlers’ exploration of toddling style, particularly in multiparty situations.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS’ MALE REPRESENTATIVES WITH DIFFERENT CULTURAL MODES

The article analyzes the works of domestic and foreign authors on the problem of family values in adolescence and describes the attempt to make a research on psychological features of different ethnic groups’ representatives with different cultural modes. It contains theoretical and empirical analysis of psychological features of different ethnic groups’ representatives with different social modes on the example of representatives of Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar ethnic groups. The problem of social psychological research of processes of development of integrity of personality is examined in the conditions of modern society. On the basis of assumption about the presence of types of socialization corresponding to the different cultural modes there are described the types of integrity of personality - traditional, modern, postmodern. The creation of psychological portraits of representatives of individual ethnic groups with different social styles allowed to study the above issues in more detail, and the novelty of this study would be an impetus for further in-depth scientific elaboration of this topic. Life within a certain cultural mode in an ethnic group influences the psychological well-being of ethnic representatives. Thus, the purpose of the article was to portrait the psychological characteristics of the representatives of the studied ethnic groups. The portraits were composed on the basis of socio-cultural components of psychological well-being. The aforementioned study was conducted among 70 young men aged from 18 to 25 years who belonged to Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar ethnic groups (35 people from each group respectively). The study used the next mentioned instruments: Questionnaire “Development of the whole personality in the conditions of modern changes” (Vlasova O.I., Shcherbina V.S.); Riff Psychological Well-Being Scale Technique. The results obtained allowed us to establish a typical distribution of the prevalence of known cultural modes among young men - Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars.

Avoidant social style among wild crested macaque males (Macaca nigra) in Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract Although it is well established that female crested macaques (Macaca nigra) display very tolerant social styles, less is known about the extent to which crested macaque males can be characterized by the social style concept. We examined core social style traits and other measures of social interactions in three groups of wild crested macaque males in Tangkoko Reserve, Indonesia. Comparisons with males of other macaque species suggest that they display a mixture of tolerant and despotic indicators, a pattern inconsistent with tolerant, despotic or uniformly intermediate designations. Their apparent avoidance of affiliative interactions and reconciliation involving contact suggest that their relationships also contrast with the typically affiliative and relaxed social style of female crested macaques. Rather than labeling them as distinctly tolerant or despotic, we describe the social style of crested males as ‘avoidant’, which may reflect tense relationships due to high levels of risky reproductive competition.

Tipe Gaya Belajar Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Dalam Menghafal Al Qur’an di Yogyakarta

This study aims to determine the types of learning style of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) students in memorizing the Qur'an. The type of this research is qualitative research using Case Study strategy in two schools, namely MI Negeri 1 Bantul and MI YAPPI Gubukrubuh Gunungkidul. For data collection, this study uses three methods, namely observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study explained that there are at least four learning styles, namely 1). Visual style of students memorizing the Qur'an, 2). Aural style of students memorizing the Qur'an, 3). Kinesthetic style of students memorizing the Qur'an, and 4). Social style of students memorizing the Qur’an. Keywords: Types of Learning Style, Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Memorizing the Qur'an

Are social conflicts at work associated with depressive symptomatology? Results from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study

BackgroundPsychosocial stressors in the workplace can be detrimental to mental health. Conflicts at work, e.g. aggression, hostility or threats from coworkers, supervisors or customers, can be considered a psychosocial stressor, possibly increasing risk for depressive symptoms. Existing studies, however, differ in the assessment of social conflicts, i.e. as individual- or job-level characteristics. Here, we investigated the association between conflicts at work assessed as objective job characteristics, and depressive symptomatology, using data from a large population-based sample. Additionally, we investigated gender differences and the impact of personality traits and social resources.MethodsWe used data from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study from Leipzig, Germany. Information on conflicts at work, assessed as job characteristics, were drawn from the Occupational Information Network, depressive symptoms were assessed via the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Multilevel linear regression models with individuals and occupations as levels of analysis were applied to investigate the association between conflicts at work and depressive symptoms.ResultsOur sample included 2164 employed adults (age: 18–65 years, mean: 49.3, SD: 7.9) in 65 occupations. No association between conflicts s at work and depressive symptomatology was found (men: b = − 0.14; p = 0.74, women: b = 0.17, p = 0.72). Risk for depression was mostly explained by individual-level factors like e.g. neuroticism or level of social resources. The model showed slightly higher explanatory power in the female subsample.ConclusionConflicts at work, assessed as objective job characteristics, were not associated with depressive symptoms. Possible links between interpersonal conflict and impaired mental health might rather be explained by subjective perceptions of social stressors and individual coping styles.

Social Interaction Styles, Cognitive-Motivational Variables and Academic Performance in Compulsory Secondary Education: A Predictive Study

Social Interaction Styles, Cognitive-Motivational Variables and Academic Performance in Compulsory Secondary Education: A Predictive Study

Features of Coping Behavior Among Young Females Who are Engaged and Not Engaged in Sports

The results of empirical research devoted to the analysis of coping strategies among female athletes (n = 53) and young women who do not engage in sports (n = 45) are demonstrated. The diagnostic complex included the questionnaire “Youth coping scale” by E. Frydenberg and R. Lewis in the adaptation of T. L. Kryukova, the questionnaire “Motivation of achievements “ by V. M. Rusalov. There is an evidence that female athletes choose productive coping strategies in comparison with their peers who are not engaged in sports. It is shown that the motivation of achievement among female athletes is positively correlated with strategies of productive and social styles. The motivation for achievement in non-athletes is negatively associated with the unproductive strategy “withdrawal” and social coping “feeling of belonging”. The difference in the features of coping behavior among athletes of team (synchronized figure skating) and individual (swimming) types is revealed.

Effectiveness of Cognitive Self-Compassion Training on Social exchange styles among Divorce Applicant Couples

Effectiveness of Cognitive Self-Compassion Training on Social exchange styles among Divorce Applicant Couples

Toward a multimodal measurement model for the neurobehavioral trait of affiliative capacity.

A growing body of research supports the value of a multimodal assessment approach, drawing on measures from different response modalities, for clarifying how core biobehavioral processes relate to various clinical problems and dimensions of psychopathology. Using data for 507 healthy adults, the current study was undertaken to integrate self-report and neurophysiological (brain potential) measures as a step toward a multimodal measurement model for the trait of affiliative capacity (AFF) - a biobehavioral construct relevant to adaptive and maladaptive social-interpersonal functioning. Individuals low in AFF exhibit a lack of interpersonal connectedness, deficient empathy, and an exploitative-aggressive social style that may be expressed transdiagnostically in antagonistic externalizing or distress psychopathology. Specific aims were to (1) integrate trait scale and brain potential indicators into a multimodal measure of AFF and (2) evaluate associations of this multimodal measure with criterion variables of different types. Results demonstrated (1) success in creating a multimodal measure of AFF from self-report and neural indicators, (2) effectiveness of this measure in predicting both clinical-diagnostic and neurophysiological criterion variables, and (3) transdiagnostic utility of the multimodal measure at both specific-disorder and broad symptom-dimension levels. Our findings further illustrate the value of psychoneurometric operationalizations of biobehavioral trait dimensions as referents for clarifying transdiagnostic relationships between biological systems variables and empirically defined dimensions of psychopathology.

Personality test social application system construction - the influence of community platform on personality trait extroversion, real and virtual interpersonal relationship

The rapid change of the times. A smartphone is a part of socialization. Social is a product of the collective society. Different from the social model of the past. The popularity of social software in recent years has also brought about tremendous changes. A social application such as Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp, etc. All bring a new definition of social style to human society. Since different social software has the same mode of making friends, the face of friends is in appearance or interest. Do we think that dating mode can make changes? There are differences in ’people’. Differences create different individuality, personalities, and traits. Therefore, we use personality traits as the theme to design a mobile-oriented mobile application that allows users to complete the personality test. The topic, whether or not it does not meet its personality traits, has a standard existence. We use the user personality test to test the user’s nine personality scale and can chat and interact with other users through personality matching. Different from general social software, this paper will explore the application value of social software user personality traits, and will have the opportunity to change the interaction mode of today’s social software with different dating experiences, so that the social experience generated by users can be further improved.

Conscious, Explicit Memory, Implicit Memory, and Instincts as the Four-Component Mind for the Mental Origins of Psychotherapy and Personality

This paper proposes that conscious, explicit memory, implicit memory, and instincts constitute the four-component mind for the mental origins of psychotherapy and personality. The mental origin of the personality theories including the big five personality traits, the MBTI, the social style model, the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, and the Schwartz’s theory of basic human values is from the unconscious instincts (the six social and three mental protective instincts). The three mental protective instincts that contain the three instinctive countermeasures against the three adversities are hyperactivity countermeasure against danger, phobia countermeasure against unfamiliarity-uncertainty, and comforter countermeasure against hardship. Each countermeasure is regulated (moderated) by a regulator to minimize overactive countermeasure as physical regulator to minimize overactive immunity in physical immune system. Severe adversities and ineffective regulators over-activate protective countermeasures to generate overactive countermeasures as overactive hyperactivity, overactive phobia, and overactive comforter, corresponding to dramatic-impulsive cluster, anxious-fearful cluster, and odd-eccentric cluster, respectively for personality-mental disorders in the DSM-5. Such disordered behavioral habits are stored in unconscious implicit memory which generates disordered thought patterns in pre-conscious explicit memory. For psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) normalizes disordered thought patterns in explicit memory to normalize disordered behavioral habit memory in implicit memory through the repetitive training in normalizing thought patterns, feelings, and behaviors. For psychotherapy, mindfulness meditation strengthens conscious attention (working memory) to normalize disordered behavioral habit memory through the repetitive training in directing conscious attention to the breath or body. In conclusion, the mental origin of personality-mental disorders is from the overactive mental protective instincts. The mental origin of psychotherapy is from therapeutic implicit memory and conscious attention for CBT and mindfulness meditation, respectively. The mental origin of personality is from the unconscious instincts. Therefore, the four-component mind of conscious, explicit memory, implicit memory, and instincts explains the origin, the storage, and the normalization of personality-mental disorders for psychotherapy, and provides the mental origin of personality.

Sex differences in the impact of social status on hair cortisol concentrations in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Social status impacts stress in primates, but the direction of the effect differs depending on species, social style, and group stability. This complicates our ability to identify broadly applicable principles for understanding how social status impacts health and fitness. One reason for this is the fact that social status is often measured as linear dominance rank, yet social status is more complex than simply high or low rank. Additionally, most research on social status and health ignores the effects of sex and sex-specific relationships, despite known differences in disease risk, coping strategies, and opposite-sex dominance interactions between males and females in many species. We examine the influence of social status, sex, and opposite-sex interactions on hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in a well-studied species, rhesus macaques, where the literature predicts low ranking individuals would experience more chronic stress. Animals in three captive, seminaturalistic social groups (N = 252; 71 male) were observed for 6 weeks to obtain metrics of social status (rank and dominance certainty [DC]). DC is a measure of one's fit within the hierarchy. Hair samples were collected from each subject and analyzed for HCC. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine (a) whether rank, DC, or sex predicted HCC; (b) whether same- or opposite-sex dominance relationships differentially impacted HCC; and (c) whether aggressive interactions initiated or received could explain any observed relationships. Results indicated that DC, not rank, predicted HCC in a sex-specific manner. For males, high HCC were predicted by receiving aggression from or having high DC with other males as well as having low DC with females. For females, only high DC with males predicted high HCC. These results likely relate to sex-specific life history pattern differences in inherited versus earned rank that are tied to female philopatry and male immigration.