Levels Of Social Stress Research Articles

Materialisme Sebagai Penghambat Pembangunan Kesejateraan Sosial

Materialism and sich are the driving spirit of the community in achieving economic and financial security that saves a holistic and socially just welfare. This can be seen from the lives of people in materialistic developed countries, where the level of social stress is higher, economic inequality widens, horizontal conflict is rife. This research uses Pierre Felix Bourdieu's social theory in seeing people trust the expenditure of material with other values, such as spiritual and cultural values that are no less urgent as elements of social welfare development. This study found that materialism on the one hand has a positive effect, where people are encouraged to use material standards in measuring the level of welfare they expect. On the other hand, materialism closes the presence of values such as spirituality, local wisdom and agriculture in completing more holistic welfare standards.

Maternal Malnutrition and Elevated Disease Risk in Offspring.

US populations have seen dramatic increases in the prevalence of chronic disease over the past three generations. Rapid increases in type 2 diabetes and obesity have occurred in all the states but have been particularly striking in the Deep South. These increases have contributed to decreases in life expectancy and to painful elevations in health care costs. The causes of worsening population health are complex and incompletely understood. However, there is strong evidence that vulnerability to chronic conditions is determined in early life. Most chronic diseases are developmentally driven. There are specific stressors experienced in early life that influence epigenetic and structural changes during development. These include malnutrition, severe levels of social stress, toxic chemicals, and low oxygen levels. Most US populations have experienced a decrease in the quality of the food they consume as industrial foods have replaced garden-grown foods. Thus, the consumption of too few nutrients before and during pregnancy and during lactation influences the growth of the placenta and fetal organs and their level of resilience when faced with stresses in postnatal life and particularly as adults. Animal studies have shown that the effects of poor nutrition can be passed on to future generations. The most powerful way that the current epidemics of obesity and insulin resistance can be reversed is by providing key nutrients to prospective mothers and those already pregnant.

Implementasi Pemberian Edukasi Kesehatan dan Kebugaran Remaja Putri dalam Menurunkan Gejala Dysmenorhae Primer di SMP Al-Hidayah

Premenstrual syndrome is a set of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that occur cyclically before menstruation, typically 1-14 days prior and disappear once menstruation begins. The COVID-19 pandemic can exacerbate this situation by increasing academic and social stress levels among adolescent girls. Through counseling and practical sessions, adolescents are provided with an understanding of the importance of reproductive health and physical skills to manage dysmenorrhea symptoms. This community service aims to reduce primary dysmenorrhea symptoms in adolescent girls at Al-Hidayah Middle School, South Jakarta, through the implementation of health and fitness education. The methods used include providing Health and Fitness Education with pre-tests and post-tests to measure their understanding of dysmenorrhea; teaching adolescents how to reduce menstrual pain through videos, guided by educators and accompanied by assistants; and conducting evaluations to ensure understanding and enhance their interest. The results showed an increase in knowledge and a reduction in PMS anxiety among the adolescent girls. In conclusion, this activity successfully improved adolescents' understanding of reproductive health, but further evaluation is needed to measure its long-term impact.

Postsecondary Students’ Social Stress and Learning Styles

Postsecondary students can experience anxiety or stress upon initial entry into large campus classrooms or education abroad settings. Social phobia scrutiny fears combined with social interaction anxieties may culminate in social anxiety disorder or social stress. Social stress may negatively affect one’s enjoyment and fulfillment of learning and one’s ability to learn. This study investigated relationships between students’ social stress, educational setting, learning style, and demographics using the Social Phobia Scale, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, and the Learning Styles Inventory. Through a multiple correlational design, quantitative analysis revealed that social stress was positively associated with reflective observation and assimilative learning styles, but negatively associated with active experimentation learning styles for 144 students at a large southern US university. Females and on-campus students experienced more social stress than did males or those who participated in education abroad. Multiple linear regression revealed a significant increased level of social stress among minority students. About 18% of the variance in social stress was accounted for by significant independent variables (accommodative and convergent learning styles, being male, and Caucasian). Increased understanding of associations between social stress and learning style will help educators develop learning activities that promote inclusiveness for all. Continued research is needed to learn how to decrease social stressors in postsecondary education, especially for female and minority students to enable equitable learning spaces.

Analyzing Perceived Psychological and Social Stress of University Students: A Machine Learning Approach

The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the psychological and social stress levels of university students due to physical illness, enhanced dependence on mobile devices and internet, a lack of social activities, and home confinement. Therefore, early stress detection is crucial for their successful academic performance and mental well-being. The advent of machine learning (ML)-based prediction models can have a crucial impact in predicting stress at its early stages and taking necessary steps for the well-being of individuals. This study aims to develop a reliable machine learning-based prediction model for perceived stress prediction and validate the model using real-world data collected through an online survey among 444 university students from different ethnicity. The machine learning models were built using supervised machine learning algorithms. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the chi-squared test were employed as feature reduction techniques. Moreover, Grid Search Cross-Validation (GSCV) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) were employed for hyperparameter optimization (HPO). According to the findings, around 11.26% of individuals were identified with high levels of social stress. In comparison, approximately 24.10% of people were found to be suffering from extremely high psychological stress, which is quite alarming for students' mental health. Furthermore, the prediction results of the ML models demonstrated the most remarkable accuracy (80.5%), precision (1.000), F1 score (0.890), and recall value (0.826). The Multilayer Perceptron model was shown to have the maximum accuracy when combined with PCA as a feature reduction approach and GSCV for HPO. The convenience sampling technique used in this study only considers self-reported data, which may have biased results and lack generalizability. Future research should consider a large sample of data and focus on tracking long-term impacts with coping strategies and interventions. The results of this study can be used to develop strategies to mitigate adverse effects of the overuse of mobile devices and promote student well-being during pandemics and other stressful situations.

Theory of mind and hair cortisol in healthy young adults: the moderating effects of childhood trauma

ABSTRACT Background: Experiences of negative social interactions and childhood trauma (CT) can lead to aberrant hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal functions. Poor theory of mind (ToM) ability is related to increased social stress levels; however, studies on the relationship between ToM and cortisol remain scarce. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ToM and the hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in healthy young adults considering the moderating role of CT. Method: A total of 206 healthy young adults were divided into two groups based on an experience of moderate-to-severe childhood trauma (CT+ and CT–). To determine whether CT moderated the relationship between ToM and HCC, moderation analysis was conducted controlling for age, sex, years of education, and scores of perceived stress, depression, and anxiety. Results: CT+ individuals reported higher subjective stress perception and depressive symptoms than CT– individuals, whereas anxiety-related symptoms, ToM, and HCC were not different between the groups. The experience of CT significantly moderated the relationship between ToM and HCC. The association between poorer ToM ability and higher HCC was significant only in CT+ group. Conclusion: CT is a moderator of the association between ToM and HCC, indicating the importance of CT in social cognition and the stress response.

Suicidal ideation during COVID-19: The contribution of unique and cumulative stressors

The link between large-scale disasters and population-level risk of suicide remains unclear. The present study sought to investigate suicidal ideation (SI) in relation to COVID-19 related stress, including material and social stress, in a predominantly low-SES ethno-racially diverse sample in New York City during a peak in COVID-19 cases in April 2020. Using binary logistic regressions of data collected with self-report surveys, we found that individuals who identified as Asian, as well as those with high total, material, and social stress levels, and persons without access to primary care providers had significantly higher adjusted odds of SI. These results indicate the specific burden faced by Asian participants due to increases in targeted racism, the importance of cumulative stress and specific stressor type, as well as the role of healthcare access on SI during the pandemic. Such findings suggest the need for specific interventions that target individuals who may be at higher risk of suicide after large-scale traumatic events and during the ongoing pandemic.

Coping with Relationship Stress in Adolescence: A Decade in Review.

At a moment in history when stress levels among adolescents are high and coping capacities are taxed, it seems timely and important to review a decade's accomplishments in elucidating how, and with what effects, adolescents cope with relationship stress. We provide an update on research about coping with parent, peer, and romantic stress and discuss the effectiveness of coping strategies across cultures, developmental periods, and levels of social stress. We explore relations between coping and other automatic and reflective responses to stress and highlight innovations in lab-based and ambulatory assessments. We recommend studies of variability in the success of coping at different intensities of relationship stress and research with real-time and repeated assessments to capture the process of coping.

Impact of untreated dental caries and dental pain on sadness related to oral health of Brazilian children.

Children should feel sad when they believe that a negative outcome is permanent. The sadness that an oral problem might bring tends to contribute to children's loneliness and increase the social stress levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of untreated dental caries, dental pain, malocclusion, and traumatic dental injury on prevalence of sadness related to oral health among Brazilian children. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 397 children aged 8-10years randomly selected from public and private schools in Diamantina, Brazil. The Brazilian version of the CPQ8-10 was applied. Sadness was collected through the question, "In the last month how often did you feel sad because of your teeth or mouth?" and dental pain through the question, "In the last month, how many times have you had pain in your teeth?" One calibrated examiner (Kappa value intra examiner: 0.77-0.91; Kappa value inter examiner: 0.80-1.00) performed the exam for dental caries (DMFT), malocclusion (DAI), and dental trauma (O'Brien). Parents answered questions addressing socioeconomic issues. Descriptive analyses, Chi-square test, and hierarchical Poisson regression models were performed (IC 95%; p < 0.05)." The prevalence of sadness related to oral health was 30.5% (n = 121). Sadness related to oral health was associated with untreated dental caries (PR: 1.46; 95% CI 1.32-2.46; p = 0.001) and dental pain (PR: 2.91; 95% CI 2.00-4.22; p < 0.001). Other clinical variables analyzed (traumatic dental injury and malocclusion) were not significantly associated with sadness related to oral health. Children with untreated dental caries and dental pain presented a higher report of sadness related to oral health.

Examining the interplay of emotion regulation strategies, social stress, and gender in predicting life satisfaction of emerging adults

Previous research has consistently shown the importance of emotion regulation in human development, but little work has investigated the synergistic effects of dispositional and situational factors on how emotion regulation works. Guided by a recent framework that proposes emotion regulation as a combination of person, situation, and strategy (Doré, Silvers, & Ochsner, 2016), this study examined the three-way interaction effects of gender (male, female), social stress (low, moderate, high levels), and emotion regulation strategies (reappraisal, suppression) on life satisfaction in emerging adults. Using self-report survey data (n = 353), significant three-way interaction effects were found. Specifically, positive association between cognitive reappraisal and life satisfaction was significant for both genders across all stress levels, except at low stress level for males. As the stress level increased, the magnitude of such association decreased for females but increased for males. In contrast, the association between expressive suppression and life satisfaction was not significant for both genders across all stress levels, except at high stress level for males where suppression had a significant positive relation with life satisfaction. Findings demonstrated the differential effects of reappraisal and suppression on life satisfaction across gender and social stress levels.

Substance use and sexual minority status: examining the mediating roles of stress and emotion dysregulation in young adult women.

Sexual minority women (SMW) report higher rates of substance use and disorder across the lifespan, and greater levels of minority stress in adolescence and young adulthood. Minority stress mediation models propose that higher levels of social stressors may increase emotion dysregulation, which in turn increases the propensity toward substance misuse. Few studies, however, have prospectively examined the impact of stressors and emotion dysregulation among SMW on early and escalating substance use. This longitudinal study examined whether emotion dysregulation and social stress mediated the association between sexual minority status and developing substance use (ages 17 through 22 years) in a sample of 2,201 heterosexual and 246 SMW participants in the Pittsburgh Girls Study. Results supported serial mediation processes of marijuana use risk: SMW reported higher levels of social stress in late adolescence, which in turn predicted greater emotion dysregulation that was associated with greater marijuana use by young adulthood.

Humor in Times of COVID-19 in Spain: Viewing Coronavirus Through Memes Disseminated via WhatsApp.

The COVID-19 crisis, and its ensuing periods of confinement, has generated high levels of social stress on a global scale. In Spain, citizens were isolated in their homes and were not able to interact physically with family members, friends or co-workers. Different resources were employed to face this new stressful and unexpected situation (fitness, reading, painting, meditation, mindfulness, dancing, listening to music, playing instruments, cooking, etc.). Humor was one of the most frequent and widely used strategies in an attempt to keep perspective, deal with the seriousness of the situation and make the day-to-day more bearable. Humor is cultural: it varies from one country to the next and is part of the idiosyncrasies of a culture. It is deemed a particularly important feature of the Spanish personality. During the COVID-19 crisis, the main means or channels of communication were social networks. Throughout the confinement period, there was an excessive flow of humorous memes concerning Coronavirus and related shared experiences during the National State of Emergency decreed by the Spanish Government. The memes draw on irony, ingenuity and creativity to make a difficult and stressful experience more bearable. In this paper, a qualitative methodology based on ethnography research is used and ethnographic fieldwork is carried out on the memes disseminated through WhatsApp during the lockdown period experienced in Spain (14 March to 21 June 2020). The memes are considered to be an example of Netlore, digital contemporary folklore, and a theoretical framework on memes and humor is presented that discusses its different functions in order to channel grief, fear and suffering or to play down specific situations. A corpus of 644 memes that have flooded social networks are categorized and analyzed to witness how the Spanish have managed to bring out their humorous and creative side in difficult times even as they have criticized political decisions, let out their frustrations, described their new “normal” lives, interacted with others and anticipated the future.

Exploring the Cultural Model of Social Stress Among Andean Women in the Peruvian Highlands

Abstract We conducted research to explore how women in the highlands perceive and identify stress within the cultural context of the Andes. Using cultural domain analysis, consisting of free listing and pile sorting, we demonstrate the shared cultural model of stress among Andean women. The project describes different types of stress that impact women including economic insecurity, lack of access to education, and spousal problems. We demonstrate what this research tells us about how Andean women organize sources of stress. The practical implications of this study involve researchers and practitioners considering social factors present in the lives of Andean highland women. The research can improve discussions about how these issues influence individual social stress levels.

Battery Discharge from Monday to Friday: Background Social Stress at Work is Associated with more Rapid Accumulation of Fatigue

PurposeThis field study investigated the effects of background social stress at work on the weekly course of evening fatigue.MethodsMale employees of a Swiss organisation reported their fatigue after work and at 9 pm in the evening over three weeks. A total of 482 evening fatigue measurements from 34 male participants were subjected to multilevel analysis.ResultsSleep quality in the previous night and fatigue after work predicted evening fatigue. Evening fatigue was not associated with the time spent on daily housework or child care. There was a linear increase in evening fatigue across weekdays and a main effect of workplace social stressors on evening fatigue. Sleep quality during the previous night mediated the link between background social stressors and evening fatigue. Moreover, an interaction between workplace social stressors and working days indicated that fatigue accumulated faster during the working week in those reporting a high level of social stress at work.ConclusionSocial stress at work seems to accelerate the loss of resources over consecutive workdays. The analysis of workplace social stressors and other potential moderators of resource dynamics contributes to our understanding of work-related stress, including the role of background stressors and the temporal dynamics of resource loss.

INVESTIGATING RELATIONSHİP BETWEEN TEACHERS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE AND STUDENT RELATED SOCIAL STRESS

Stress is known as one of the most important factors affecting teachers’ performance thus knowing the source of the stress is important in terms of coping with stress and increasing teacher resilience.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the resilience and student-related social stress levels of teachers working at nursery, primary, secondary and high school levels in terms of different variables. Conducted on the basis of correlational survey method this study consisted of 454 teachers randomly selected among the teachers of various subjects working in Diyarbakır, southeast of Turkey. In this study “Resilience Scale for Adults” and “Teacher Social Stress Scale-Student Related” were used as data collection instruments. The findings showed that teachers’ student-related social stress level is lower than the moderate level while teachers’ resilience level is higher than the moderate level. A negative significant relationship was observed between teachers’ student-related social stress and psychological resilience. A significant difference was not observed between teachers’psychological resilience and student-related social stress in terms of gender variable. A significant difference was not observed between teachers’ psychological resilience in terms of school location while there is a significant difference between teachers’ student-related social stress in terms of school location. This study provides important data about the relationships between resilience and student-related social stress, thus the results are considered to contribute not only to teachers but also to the preservice teachers.

Abstract PO-087: COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Social distress and gender imbalance among health care professionals

Abstract Introduction: During the last months coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread abruptly to nearly every country, taking on pandemic proportions. The Italian government ordered a nationwide lockdown to hinder the spread of the contagion with unavoidable social isolation and substantial changes in lifestyle habits. Therefore, COVID-19 affected not only physical but also psychological health and well-being. Health care professionals fighting the epidemic represent the most involved category, resulting in more physical and emotional involvement. The aim of this study is to assess the social stress level of health care workers in Italy. Materials and Methods: In this online, totally anonymous survey, 24 multiple-choice questions were broadcast to medical staffs employed in the Italian health care system during COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection was performed from 30th March to 24th April 2020. Descriptive statistics have been applied to describe and summarize our findings and the correlation analyses between categorical variables were performed using Pearson’s Chi-Square. Results: A total of 600 health care professionals completed the questionnaire with a prevalence of young (32.3% between 36 and 45 years old), female (74.0%) oncologists (58.8%). Participants mainly belong to Lombardy (31.3%) and Marche (30.3%), two of the most affected regions, but almost all the Italian regions contributed to the survey. The majority of respondents expressed the fear of being at higher risk of contagion than the general population (83.3%) and the weighty concern of infecting their own families (72.5%). An insufficient supply of personal protective equipment (p = 0.0003) and inadequate training about procedures to follow (p = 0.0092) significantly correlated with these worries. Furthermore, more than two thirds declared a change in family organization and daily life, showing a significant correlation with worry about infecting their own relatives (p &amp;lt; 0.0001). Discussion: This is the first Italian survey on social distress among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. The unavailability of personal protective equipment, periodic screening procedures, adequate training, and the correct spread of information strongly conditioned health care professionals’ emotional status, family organization, and daily life. With this survey we underlined the social impact that this health emergency has on health care workers, especially on women, who deal with “caring” in the hospital as well as at home, juggling to fulfill multiples roles of professionals, mothers, wives, and caregivers for elderly parents. We wish that institutions could involve themselves concretely to guarantee that health care professionals safely perform their work in a context appropriate to proper professional skills and with the adequate social and psychological support. Reducing workers’ fear of contagion and psychological distress will certainly bring significant positive repercussions for the national health system. Citation Format: Rossana Berardi, Mariangela Torniai, Maria Silvia Cona, Fabiana Cecere, Rita Chiari, Valentina Guarneri, Nicla La Verde, Laura Locati, Domenica Lorusso, Erika Martinelli, Marina Garassino. COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Social distress and gender imbalance among health care professionals [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-087.

Salivary cytokines as a biomarker of social stress in a mock rescue mission

Using salivary inflammatory markers as a noninvasive biomonitoring technique within natural social contexts has become increasingly important to link social and biological responses. Many studies have associated circulating cytokines to distinct aspects of physical activity and social/emotional behavior; however, they have not been linked to success and failure in a naturalistic setting for military personnel performing tasks. In this study, salivary cytokines were studied in a group of fifteen Air Force Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC; 14 males, 1 female) subjects performing three mock hostage rescue missions, designed to prompt responses associated with baseline, success, and failure. Each subject completed the tasks of the mission individually and again in randomly assigned teams. Participants were outfitted via direct skin contact with comfortable external Zephyr™ sensors to monitor heart rate, breathing rate, and activity while completing each task. Saliva samples were collected before and after the completion of each mission, and cytokine levels were quantified using enzyme-labelled immunoassay (ELISA) beads. These biomarkers were used to describe the body’s immune response to success and failure when performing a mock rescue mission individually and in a team. All measured cytokine levels increased following failed missions performed individually, compared to cytokine levels associated with successful missions. When completing the tasks as a team, there were no significant differences in cytokine response between success and failure; however, being in a team stimulated an increased pre-mission cytokine response, suggesting the concept of teamwork and performing with peers for the first time had a more significant impact than the notion of failing. Additionally, none of the cytokines tested for individual missions correlated to physical activity markers (heart rate, breathing rate, activity) measured during performance. These results indicate a potentially new noninvasive method of determining social stress levels under taxing conditions.

Using Concept Mapping within a Community-Academic Partnership to Examine Obesity among Mexican Immigrants.

Weight gain is common following migration to a new country. Mexican immigrants have a disparate prevalence of overweight/obesity and food insecurity. Social stressors, such as unemployment, discrimination, and the threat of deportation, may fuel both food insecurity and weight gain in this population. We sought to (1) examine community-defined causes and correlates of obesity among Mexican-Americans; (2) determine how current social stressors, policies, and programs impact food insecurity and obesity; and (3) identify community-defined priorities for preventive interventions. Group concept mapping (GCM) was used in a community-academic partnership (CAP) to describe the factors contributing to weight gain and obesity among Mexican immigrant families. Activities included community brainstorming, sorting and rating, multivariate statistical analysis, and community interpretation of results. Eighty statements were generated in the brainstorming sessions. These statements were sorted into nine clusters, which were organized into three regions: (1) intrapersonal factors; (2) community-level factors; and (3) social policy-related barriers. Statements reflecting the impact of immigration-related stressors were found in all three regions, addressing participants' fears of deportation, and the prioritization of resources away from healthy eating, resulting in food insecurity. Community members identified five priority areas for intervention planning: (1) lack of exercise; (2) lack of knowledge of a healthy diet; (3) expense of healthy foods; (4) "junk" food; and (5) stress management. Results suggest high levels of social stress are contributing to food insecurity and obesity among Mexican immigrant families. Areas identified for intervention planning reflect the need for a multifaceted approach toward obesity prevention.

Green Open Space, Towards A Child-Friendly City (A Case Study in Lembah Gurame Park, Depok City, Jakarta Greater Area, Indonesia)

Green Open Space (GOS) is essential to provide a critical ecosystem service that reduces the social stress levels of a community living in densely-populated urban areas. Children, as part of an urban community, are often most affected by the lack of green space. Government seeks to fulfill these rights through its Child-Friendly City (CFC) program. This study aimed to analyze whether the existing GOS had meet the criteria of child-friendly GOS. This research was conducted in Lembah Gurame Park, as one of the urban GOS in Depok City as a part of Jakarta Greater Area. This study employed spatial analysis using GIS and conducted interviews to the visitors to find out the needs of the children on GOS. This study observed the design and management of the Lembah Gurame Park in accordance to the principal of Child-Friendly GOS including landscape, facility and utility, park furniture, flora and fauna, as well as human activities in the Lembah Gurame Park. This study found that the design and management of the GOS is below the optimum for child-friendly GOS. Many facilities and utilities are dangerous for children and very limited activities can be involved by children.

Influence of social stress on value of minimal anesthetic concentration of isuflurano in guan (Penelope obscura) captured in wildlife

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine and evaluate whether there are differences in values of MAC in wildlife captured guan (Penelope obscura) under different conditions of social stress. This study used 27 bird species guan (P. obscura), divided into two groups: animals kept in the same enclosure (Collective Group) and animals kept in individual cages (Individual Group). The research was conducted at the Advanced Research Base of IBAMA, Painel/SC, and at the Clinical Veterinary Hospital of the “Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina”, Lages/SC. The birds were captured using network trap with manual disarmament and transported to the Veterinary Hospital in cages. The animals were fasted for 2 to 6 hours before the procedure; anesthetic induction was performed with isoflurane for instrumentation. The isoflurane CAM was placed in the target value 1.3v% in the first animal of each group, and waited 15 minutes for the nociceptive (electric) stimulus, in the value of 50 hertz and 50mA, held in faradic form (3 consecutive simple stimuli, followed by 2 continuous stimuli). The stimulus was performed on the lateral side of the left pelvic limb in the tibiotarsal region, and the electrodes were fixed with a 22G needle at a distance of 5cm between them. The bird’s responses to the stimulus were considered positive (wing movements, head or vocalization) or negative (not presented movements of wings, head or vocalization) and the MAC value of the animal was recorded. Negative responses reduced next birds’ MAC value by about 10%, and MAC positive responses increased by about 10%. Statistical analysis was done by methods up and down and analyze quantal for MAC and paired t-test for equivalent or t-test for variances not equal variances for the physiological variables. At the end of the experiment, the birds were reintroduced in the same capture area. The MAC value of isoflurane in the Collective Group was 1.4v% and the Individual Group 1.9v% to 0.903atm. It is observed that guan (P. obscura) in the Collective Group showed lesser anesthetic resistance to isoflurane than the birds in the Individual Group, showing that some levels of social stress can influence the MAC values of the isoflurane.