Social Security Sector Research Articles

ANALISIS SEKTOR UNGGULAN SEBAGAI PENDORONG PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI KABUPATEN PACITAN TAHUN 2018-2021

Abstact
 Economic base activities have a vital role as the main driver of economic growth in Pacitan Regency. A region is said to have a basic or superior sector if the region is able to win the intense competition between regions in the same sector so as to increase the value of exports. The purpose of this study was to determine the basic or leading sector and the underdeveloped sector in Pacitan Regency. This study uses secondary data types, namely GRDP data in Pacitan Regency and East Java Province according to ADHK 2010 Business Fields in 2018-2021. The analytical method used is Location Quotient (LQ), which is a tool to measure the specialization of the economic base or superiority in Pacitan Regency. The results showed that the most superior sectors in Pacitan Regency were five sectors, namely the agricultural, forestry and fishery sectors, the construction sector, the information and communication sector, the government administration sector, the defense and compulsory social security sector, and the education services sector. As for the most underdeveloped sectors, there are three sectors, namely the processing industry sector, the water supply sector, waste management, waste and recycling and the financial and insurance services sector.
 
 
 

DEVELOPMENT OF LEADING ECONOMIC SECTORS IN SERANG REGENCY

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the unggualan sector in Serang Regency by usinglocation quotien (LQ) analysis and Shift Share analysis. The data that the researchers used was secondary data, this data was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Serang Regency and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Banten Province. The year period carried outfor this study started from 2016 to 2021. the results obtained from the Location Quotien (LQ) were obtained that soktors who have potential are in the Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors with an average value of LQ 1.58; For the manufacturing sector, it has an average of LQ 1.44; for the Government Administration, Defense, and Compulsory Social Security sectors, it gets an LQ result of 1.09; and the Education sector, the average LQ result is 1.05. Meanwhile, the results of the Shift Share forthe leading sectors are the Manufacturing Industry Sector, the Construction Sector, the Large Trade and Retail Sector, the Car and Motorcycle Repair Sector, and the Agriculture, Forestry and Agriculture Sectors.

Cost-containment long-term care policies for older people across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): a scoping review

Abstract In most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, the government has to manage tension between growth in the need for long-term care (LTC) services for older people and significant public budget constraints. Not surprisingly, therefore, cost-containment policies are of increasing relevance. Nevertheless, despite the flourishing interest in the comparative literature in reforms and the sustainability of LTC policies, a scoping review of these measures has so far not been produced. This article aims to contribute to filling this gap. We present a typology of LTC cost-containment policies across the OECD. Cost-containment policies cluster in two areas according to their focus: demand-side policies, which reduce the actual chances of receiving LTC services and/or make them more expensive for users; and supply-side ones, which modify the provision of services. Furthermore, an indirect outcome of the review is that it allows an overview of potential negative implications of these policies. These negative implications can be grouped in two macro spheres relating to a worsening of the care arrangements for beneficiaries and to increased demand for individual/family resources, in both economic and time and effort terms. In the light of the expected profound impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on all social security sectors in the medium and long term, this article provides a valuable tool for both academic and policy-making debate. It allows an analytical comprehension of cost-containment strategies adopted in LTC sectors linking them with the related impacts on beneficiaries and their families.

Early Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Improves Health Outcomes and Yields Cost-Savings: A Modeling Study in Argentina

OBJECTIVE: Most untreated hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients develop chronic infection and severe complications, including death. Direct-acting antivirals in early stages of liver fibrosis reduce complications and healthcare costs. However, therapy is often delayed, and patients in early stages have limited access to effective treatments. We assessed the clinical and economic effect of treating chronic HCV at early versus late stages of disease in Argentina. 
 
 METHODS: A Markov model of the natural HCV history was used to forecast lifetime liver-related and economic outcomes from social security sector perspective. Healthcare use and transition probabilities were drawn from literature. Demographic characteristics of the patients and treatment attributes were based on data from registrational trials of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir. 
 
 RESULTS: Lower rates of all hepatic complications and liver-related mortality were predicted when treatment was initiated in mild versus advanced disease. Sustained virologic response rates were similar among all stages. Higher quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were predicted when treatment was initiated in mild (F0-F1) versus moderate (F2-F3) or advanced (F4) liver disease (11.5, 9.9, and 7.5 QALYs, respectively). Delaying treatment increased long-term total lifetime costs (F4: AR$ 1 437 816; F2-F3: AR$ 967 673; F0-F1: AR$ 954 018; 37.10 AR$=1 USD, Nov 2018 exchange rate) and provided fewer QALYs. 
 
 CONCLUSIONS: Our study show early treatment was a dominant strategy compared with treatment in advanced stages of liver disease. These results may help health policy makers take actions to reduce health and economic burden of HCV in Argentina.

Cost-effectiveness of a centrifugal-flow pump for patients with advanced heart failure in Argentina.

BackgroundCentrifugal-flow pumps are novel treatment options for patients with advanced heart failure (HF). This study estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of centrifugal-flow pumps for patients with advanced HF in Argentina.MethodsTwo Markov models were developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a centrifugal-flow pump as destination therapy (DT) in patients with contraindication for heart transplantation, and as bridge-to-transplant (BTT), with a lifetime horizon using the third-party payer Social Security (SS) and Private Sector (PS) perspectives. Clinical, epidemiological, and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) parameters were retrieved from the literature. Direct medical costs were estimated through a micro-costing approach (exchange rate USD 1 = ARS 59.95).ResultsThe centrifugal-flow pump as a DT increased the per patient QALYs by 3.5 and costs by ARS 8.1 million in both the SS and PS, with an ICER of ARS 2.3 million per QALY. Corresponding values for a centrifugal-flow pump as BTT were 0.74 QALYs and more than ARS 8 million, yielding ICERs of ARS 11 million per QALY (highly dependent on waiting times). For the 1, 3, and 5 GDP per QALY thresholds, the probability of a centrifugal-flow pump to be cost-effective for DT/BTT was around 2%/0%, 40%/0%, and 80%/1%, respectively.ConclusionThe centrifugal-flow pump prolongs life and improves the quality of life at significantly higher costs. As in Argentina there is no current explicit cost-effectiveness threshold, the final decision on reimbursement will depend on the willingness to pay in each subsector. Nevertheless, the centrifugal-flow pump as a DT was more cost-effective than as a BTT.

EE472 Use of Resources and Economic Cost of the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension for the Social Security and Private Perspective of Argentina

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disease characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure that can lead to ventricular failure and death. The aim of this study was to estimate the annual cost per patient by functional class (FC) for the national/provincial social security and private sector perspective and by geographic location of the healthcare providers for Argentina.

Disrupting from the ground up: community-led and place-based food governance in London during COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability of the urban food system by interrupting global food chains and restricting human mobility. This has impacted food security at the local level, with urban communities not been able to access food as before. In response, newly formed governance mechanisms and policies have emerged on the ground, disrupting existing governance frameworks. This paper examines such developments in London to understand how urban food is governed; and, what has been disruptive and how disruption in access to food has been governed during COVID-19. To do so, it draws on policy analysis, case study research and interview data. The paper finds disconnection between the national and metropolitan level and fragmentation between the metropolitan and municipal level of urban food governance; with food security being addressed via people-focused approaches which are generously complemented by third sector and community-led initiatives. It also finds that food disruption in London during COVID-19 is defined by the emergence of novel community-led and place-based organisations and policies, especially at the municipal level, which challenge existing food governance structures – the Hackney Food Network and Food Transition Plans being such examples. This creates new spaces of food governance and influence, and change, from the ground up existing governance frameworks. The paper reflects on the role of urban planning in putting ‘space’ back into urban food governance debates and concludes with implications for scaling-up and theory.

Analisis sektor unggulan perekonomian Provinsi Jambi

This study identifies the leading sectors in the regional economy of Jambi Province and the share and growth of these top sectors. This study uses secondary data in monographs from the Central Statistics Agency of Jambi Province. The analytical method used is Location Quotient (LQ) and Klassen Typology analysis and use quantitative analysis. Based on the results of the research shows that the leading sectors in Jambi Province are the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries sectors, Government Administration, Defense, and Social Security sectors, Construction sector, Real Estate sector, Educational Services sector, Wholesale and Retail Trade sector, Car and Motorcycle Repair, Sector Information and Communication, Health and Insurance Services sector, and Other Services sector. Meanwhile, the fast growth and significant contribution share is the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries sector and the Food and Drink Accommodation Provision sector.

Analisis Sektor Ekonomi Unggulan dan Pergeseran Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Kabupaten Ponorogo 2015-2019

The central government issued Laws No 32 and 33 2004 to carry out regional autonomy as best as possible. With regional autonomy, regions are required to develop the potential of their respective regions as capital for regional development. So the regions are expected to have and improve their abilities in managing the economic potential in their regions without waiting for assistance from the center. This study aims to see the regional economic potential that has a leading sector in increasing growth in Ponorogo Regency. This study uses GRDP data on the basis of 2010 constant prices 2015-2019, Ponorogo Regency and East Java Province. The analysis tools used are Static Location Quotient (SLQ) Analysis, Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), Classical Shift Share Analysis and Estaban-Marquilas (SS-EM) Shift Share Analysis. From the combined calculation of SLQ DLQ, which is the basic sector in the superior category is the Construction sector, Real Estate Sector, Education Service Sector, Other Service Sectors. Sectors that have a competitive advantage but are also specialized are the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries sectors; Information and Communication sector; Financial Services and Insurance sector; Real Estate sector; Government Administration, Defense and Compulsory Social Security sector; education services sector; the Health Services and Social Activities sector; other service sectors.

The Relationships between Social Security Funds and Macroeconomic Changes. An Empirical Analysis of the EU-CEE Countries

Objective: This paper investigates whether and which of a set of macroeconomic variables may be a Granger cause for changes in the financing of the social security sector, and vice versa.Research Design & Methods: Descriptive statistics, the bootstrap panel Granger causality test, and Pesaran CD test for cross-sectional dependence in panels and Pesaran’s CIPS test for unit roots in panels were applied. Panel data of the CEE countries, which are members of the European Union, was used. The research period was 2000–2019.Findings: It was determined that lagged values of macroeconomic indicators can improve forecasting of social security sector expenditure. In turn, understanding the social security sector’s expenditure may contribute to better forecasting of the macroeconomic indicators considered for the research.Implications / Recommendations: Maintaining stable economic growth may contribute to the financial stability of the social security system.Contribution: The research is the first to refer to the financing of the social security sector. The study provides a framework that takes full account of the main elements of social security systems and associates them with the most significant macroeconomic indicators.

Participatory governance and local government responsiveness: evidence from participation in politics on television in China

ABSTRACT Based on the data of cities in China from 2005 to 2015, this paper examines the impact of the sandwiching approach involving the media governance model on government responsiveness with a quasi-natural experiment of participation in politics on television (PPTV). The study found that PPTV can help strengthen government responsiveness. After a series of robustness tests, the conclusion is still valid. The heterogeneity analysis shows that PPTV can effectively enhance government responsiveness in technology, social security, and employment sectors. Furthermore, government responsiveness is more effectively enhanced by adopting PPTV in form of annual live broadcast activities with public rating and cooperation with print media. This policy has a stronger role in enhancing government responsiveness in cities with high levels of economic development and high government competition. Considering officials characters, the longer the tenure of the mayor and the secretary of the municipal party committee, the stronger the government responsiveness.

РОЗВИТОК СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ В ПОЛЬЩІ: ДОСВІД ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

Розвиток соціальної економіки сприяє підвищенню добробуту населення, що є одним з головних завдань будь-якої держави. Наявність певних соціальних проблем в Україні потребує аналізу іноземних практик реалізації соціальних цілей для зростання рівня життя населення. В умовах євроінтеграційних прагнень такою державою для України є сусідня Польща.Для розкриття цих питань проаналізовано позитивний досвід розвитку соціальної економіки та забезпечення зайнятості в Польщі й окреслено можливості його застосування в Україні. Розглянуто практику соціальної економіки в Польщі, порівняно Україну і Польщу за окремими соціальними індикаторами (кількістю закладів соціального забезпечення, рівнем безробіття, рівнем зайнятості, середньою місячною заробітною платою, рівнем самозайнятості), окреслено напрями реалізації соціального розвитку в Польщі з акцентуванням на їх можливому використанні в Україні. Розглянуто таксономічні методи для визначення соціального розвитку Польщі та змін у сфері ринку праці обох країн. Виокремлено основні детермінанти польської моделі соціальної економіки: стабільний економічний розвиток, що сприяє підвищенню рівня життя; низький рівень безробіття; розвинута соціальна інфраструктура; підвищення середньої заробітної плати; розвинутий недержавний сектор соціального забезпечення; стабільність ринку праці та його здатність адаптуватися до нових викликів.Наголошено на низці проблемних питань у розвитку соціальної економіки в Україні, зокрема відзначено низький рівень заробітної плати порівняно з сусідніми європейськими країнами; високий рівень безробіття; низький рівень самозайнятості населення; високий рівень тіньової економіки. На основі аналізу позитивного досвіду Польщі окреслено ряд можливих напрямів розвитку соціальної економіки в Україні.

Benzodiazepine and Z-drug consumption in a national social security organization in Argentina: rational or excessive use?

Benzodiazepines and "Z-drugs" (BZD/Z) are overprescribed in many countries. This study evaluates their consumption in a social security sector health insurance provider with national coverage in Argentina. With a descriptive and observational approach, outpatient dispensations of BZD/Zs were analyzed for people over 18 years old from April 2020 to March 2021, disaggregated by sex, age, active ingredient, and half-life. An annual prevalence of use of 11.6% was found among the 431,445 adult affiliates, with higher rates in women and in those over age 60. Overall consumption of BZD/Zs was 77.6 defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 enrollee-days. The average user received 5.1 annual dispensations and the equivalent of 1.4 DDD for each day of the year. BZD/Zs with long half-life were the most used. We found high levels of BZD/Z consumption and for longer periods than recommended. It is necessary to improve the quality of consumption and reduce the negative impact of inappropriate use of these drugs among treated individuals.

Improving the monitoring of chronic heart failure in Argentina: is the implantable pulmonary artery pressure with CardioMEMS Heart Failure System cost-effective?

BackgroundThe CardioMEMS® sensor is a wireless pulmonary artery pressure device used for monitoring symptomatic heart failure (HF). The use of CardioMEMS was associated with a reduction of hospitalizations of HF patients, but the acquisition cost could be high in low-and-middle income countries. Evidence of cost-effectiveness is needed to help decision-makers to allocate resources according to “value for money”. This study is aimed at estimating the cost-effectiveness of CardioMEMS used in HF patients from the third-party payer perspective -Social Security (SS) and Private Sector (PS)- in Argentina.MethodsA Markov model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of CardioMEMS versus usual medical care over a lifetime horizon. The model was applied to a hypothetical population of patients with HF functional class III with at least one hospitalization in the previous 12 months. The main outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). To populate the model we retrieved clinical, epidemiological and utility parameters from the literature, whilst direct medical costs were estimated through a micro-costing approach (exchange rate USD 1 = ARS 76.95). Uncertainties in all parameters were assessed by deterministic, probabilistic and scenario sensitivity analysis.ResultsCompared with the usual medical care, CardioMEMS increased quality-adjusted life years (QALY) by 0.37 and increased costs per patient by ARS 1,081,703 for SS and ARS 919,051 for PS. The resultant ICER was ARS 2,937,756 per QALY and ARS 2,496,015 per QALY for SS and PS, respectively. ICER was most sensitive to the hazard ratio of HF hospital admission and the acquisition price of CardioMEMS. The probability that CardioMEMS is cost-effective at one (ARS 700,473), three (ARS 2,101,419,) and five (ARS 3,502,363) Gross Domestic Product per capita is 0.6, 17.9 and 64.1% for SS and 5.4, 33.3 and 73.2% for PS.ConclusionsCardioMEMS was more effective and more costly than usual care in class III HF patients. Since in Argentina there is no current explicit threshold, the final decision to determine its cost-effectiveness will depend on the willingness-to-pay for QALYs in each health subsector.

The China-Characteristic Policy Transfer: A Case of Establishing Long-term Care Insurance

ABSTRACT This paper explores the role of policy transfer in establishing long-term care insurance in China. The study shows that the knowledge gained from Germany serves as a new policy instrument in the provision of care to the elderly and disabled in China. We build on the theory of Dolowitz and Marsh and the framework of Evans to examine the initiation process for long-term care insurance, which is arguably broadly indicative of the dynamics of change underpinning the incremental process of policy transfer. It is observed that the current knowledge on policy transfer is characterized by evidence-based policy-making. This research implements policy transfer as tool for policy innovation and changes that promotes the performance of China’s social security sector. The establishment of long-term care insurance in China can best be described as rational policy design.

Development performance of economic growth typology in Southeast Sulawesi province

This research was conducted in Southeast Sulawesi Province in 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic base sector as a leading sector, to determine the effect of national economic growth on economic growth in Southeast Sulawesi, and to determine advanced and fast-growing sectors, and advanced but depressed sectors in Southeast Sulawesi. Southeast Sulawesi Province. The results of the analysis show: (1) Location Quotien (LQ) analysis of the basic sectors as the leading sectors are: (a) Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors LQ of 1.83 or LQ> 1. (b) The mining and quarrying sector LQ is 2.65 or LQ> 1. (c) The sector of water management, waste management, waste management and recycling of LQ is 2.65 or LQ> 1. (d) The construction sector LQ is 1.30 or LQ> 1. (e) The transportation and warehousing sector is LQ 1.13 or LQ> 1. (f) Government administration, defense and social security sectors LQ 1.54 or LQ> 1. (g) Education services sector LQ of 1.53 or LQ> 1.

PENGARUH INFLASI TERHADAP KESTABILAN DAN EKSISTENSI USAHA EKONOMI MIKRO

Indonesia, as a developing country, realizes the importance of economic development to create national welfare. This national development covers various aspects of life such as the political, social, cultural, economic and defense and security sectors aimed at meeting the needs of all Indonesian people, whose main objective is towards a just and prosperous Indonesian society.Economic growth is a measure for the success of a country's development, especially in the economic field. A country has an economic growth that has increased continuously every year will promote development in that country. In macroeconomics, the overall economic condition of a country is explained in relation to economic growth. The success of a country's development lies in its economic growth. Therefore, the ups and downs of the economy will certainly affect several sectors.In the economy of a country or a region, in fact there are various sectors that show the level of economic growth, namely the formal and informal sectors. In the informal sector, generally small businesses with limited capital, scope and development and received very little official protection from the government. There are also many informal sectors that can be appointed as an activity or job to generate income in a community, one of which is establishing their own business or by establishing micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are the business groups that have the largest number. The micro, small and medium enterprises are regulated based on Law Number 20 of 2008 concerning UMKM Article 1 number 1 what is meant by Micro Enterprises are productive businesses owned by individuals or individuals and / or individual business entities.2 Micro Economic Businesses are businesses that have the potential to be affected by the impact of there is an economic phenomenon, namely inflation.Keywords: UMKM; National development; National Economy.

Policy-Oriented Learning: A Case on Initiating Long-Term Care Insurance in China’s Social Security Sector

This paper explores the initiation process of the long-term care insurance (LTCI) policy in China’s social security sector, and focuses on policy-oriented learning activities to develop initiatives from German lessons. It presents a case from the LTCI pilot program, which serves as a new policy product that provides care to the elderly and disabled and upgrades the social security sector’s performance. This study implements policy-oriented learning to construct an analytical framework and applies it to China’s social security system. This research suggests that policy-oriented learning is a rational tool used to manufacture policy products that enable intellectual development and can provide roadmaps for administrative reform. The findings contribute to the current knowledge on policy-oriented learning by offering new insights from China’s experience with LTCI, thus helping to fill the gaps that are created when policy-oriented learning is applied to different systems and contexts, with unique cultural, traditional, and political characteristics.

An analysis of progressive sectors: agriculture position

In the economic development of a region, there needs to be attention in developing sectors that have the potential and also have good growth. This study aims to identify the economic sectors included in the progressive sector. This research uses secondary data in the form of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Bolaang Mongondow Regency and North Sulawesi Province in 2013-2017 and will then be analyzed using the Location Quotient method and Shift Share analysis. The results of the study concluded that there are five economic sectors which are the base sectors namely the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries sectors; Mining and Excavation sectors, the Electricity and Gas Procurement Sector, Real Estate Sector and Education Services Sector. However, only the Mining and Excavation sector has a progressive growth rate and competitive advantage. As for the Agriculture position itself, it has a non-progressive growth rate and lacks a competitive advantage. In addition, there are four sectors namely the Construction sector, the Wholesale Trade, and Retail; Car and Motorcycle Repair sectors; The Financial Services and Insurance sectors and the Government Administration, Defense, and Social Security sectors are required to be able to move progressively even though those sectors are not included in the base sector.

ANALISIS POTENSI SEKTOR UNGGULAN DAN PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI DI KABUPATEN SERANG PROVINSI BANTEN

Economic development is part of efforts to improve welfare. The rate of economic development in a region is indicated by the increasing GDP growth. The purpose of this research is to identify leading sectors and analyze the shift in economic structure in Serang Regency in the period 2015-2019. The analysis tools used are Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share (SS) analysis. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of Serang Regency. The results showed that there are four sectors that have become the leading sectors in Serang Regency, namely agriculture, forestry, and fisheries; processing industry sector; government administration, defense, and social security sectors are mandatory; as well as the education services sector. Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector is the leading sector in Serang Regency with the largest LQ number of 1.56, but shift share analysis shows that this sector has slow growth and low competitiveness. The processing industry sector also has slow growth, but it is a leading sector and has high competitiveness. The structure of the economy in Serang regency has shifted towards the tertiary sector, it is characterized by an increasing percentage of tertiary sector contribution, while the secondary and primary sectors have decreased