Social Security Provision Research Articles

Challenges and Prospects of Social Security Services for Small Industry Laborers in District Bahawalpur

Social security provisions constitute a fundamental element of a welfare state. These benefits safeguard the rights of the working class by offering financial assistance to meet necessities. The efficiency of laborers in industrial settings positively correlates with the availability of social security benefits. The increased endowment of these services enhances the laborers' capacity to perform effectively within factories. The Punjab Small Industries Corporation in Bahawalpur was established to generate employment opportunities for individuals and to augment the production of various goods. It has been estimated that three thousand nine hundred sixty-three laborers are currently employed in these industries. This research study investigates the actual circumstances and challenges laborers face concerning their social security entitlements. A sample of 198 participants was obtained utilizing a proportionate random sampling methodology. During the data collection phase, 177 laborers were present. The interview schedule was meticulously crafted to incorporate open-ended and closed-ended questions as a research tool. This study reveals that laborers engaged in small industries within the Punjab region, specifically in Bahawalpur, possess an awareness of the social security services offered by numerous organizations. However, the laborers also indicated that the process of accessing social security services is exceedingly intricate and that the quality of these services is inadequate. Consequently, the laborers expressed reluctance to utilize social security services due to the substandard nature of the services provided. Therefore, it is recommended that measures be implemented to address the issues related to procedural delays in the delivery of social security benefits to laborers. This would enable laborers to experience satisfaction and concentrate fully on their occupational responsibilities.

Work environment adversity and non-communicable Disease risk among drivers working for application-based-cab-aggregators in an Indian metropolis

BackgroundBengaluru, a metropolis in Southern India, is one of the largest markets for cab aggregator companies. Drivers working for these companies play a vital role in urban transportation but unlike other drivers, their work pattern is stressful, which could increase their proneness to NCD risk factors. Understanding associations between work environment adversity and NCD risk factors among these drivers will help to plan specific health promotion and NCD prevention programs including provision of basic occupational health services.ObjectivesThe study aims to test for an association between work environment adversity and selected Non-communicable Disease (NCD) risk factors among Application Cab Aggregator drivers in Bengaluru city and to estimate the prevalence of selected NCD risk factors among the ABCA drivers.MethodologyThis cross-sectional study was conducted in Bengaluru city among 340 eligible and consenting ABCA drivers with at least one-year experience. Drivers were recruited through a multi-stage sampling procedure and time-period sampling, from transportation and leisure zones in the city. Data was collected through interviews using specifically developed semi-structured tools to assess work environment adversity and NCD risk factors. Prevalence of NCD risk factors is presented per 100 drivers with 95% confidence intervals. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to quantify the strength of the association between work environment adversity categories and NCD risk factors. Ethical clearance was obtained from the NIMHANS Ethics Committee.ResultsNearly 97% of the 340 drivers reported having one or more NCD risk factors. Working more than 5 days a week, more than 7 + hours a day, staying away from family, and working night shifts were closely associated with higher risk for NCD risk factors among ABCA drivers. Drivers with work environment adversity scores between 5 and 10 were associated with higher odds of Physical Inactivity (OR = 3.1), Unhealthy diets (OR = 1.62), and Tobacco Use (OR = 3.06).ConclusionThe study highlights the association between work environment adversity and NCD risk factors and indicates a dire need for NCD prevention programs, basic occupational health services, and social security provisions for ABCA cab drivers.

Homeownership and household risky asset holdings: Moderating role of social security and the mediating role of subjective well-being

In the context of China's evolving urban landscape, this study examines the relationship between homeownership and the propensity for households to engage in risky financial investments, while considering the moderating role of social security and the mediating influence of subjective well-being. Leveraging data from the 2019 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) and employing quantitative analysis, the findings reveal that homeownership positively correlates with riskier investment behaviors, a relationship nuanced by social security provisions and mediated by the homeowners' sense of well-being. These insights challenge traditional financial behavior theories by highlighting the complex interplay of socio-economic factors and personal well-being in investment decisions, suggesting significant implications for policymakers and financial advisors. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating psychological and economic security in understanding financial behaviors, opening avenues for further research into the impact of technological advancements and cross-cultural applicability.

Self-Employment and Labour Market Decentralization: Legal Frameworks and Challenges in the European Union

This article examines the stimuli and implications of the employment decentralization trend within the European Union, highlighting the spiral in self-employment. The demarcation between traditional dependent employment and self-employment has culminated in the evolution of distinct legal frameworks and protective measures. These frameworks traverse substantive labour laws, social security provisions, health insurance, and tax structures, each meticulously designed to cater to the specific needs and attributes of workers within these separate employment categories. Given the escalating prominence of the self-employment domain, there’s an emerging imperative for a re-defined labour legislation strategy. This strategy aims to harmoniously combine freedoms and self-employment with the EU’s foundational principles, including solidarity, equitable treatment, and robust social protection.

Deshadowing of the labor market as a component for provision of state social security

Methods. During the research, a set of general scientific and specific methods of cognition were used, in particular: methods of logical generalization and scientific abstraction – to clarify the conceptual apparatus of the research; systematic analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction – to identify the specifics of the influence of labor market trends on the state of shadowization of the economy of Ukraine, to identify threats to national security, as well as to systematize the directions of shadowization of the labor market in Ukraine. Results. The main causes of the shadow labor market in Ukraine are analyzed. The features of informal employment are outlined and the threats to the economic security of the country, which are caused by the development and increase in the volume of informal employment, are determined. The main vectors of actions in the policy of deshadowing of the labor market are highlighted. It is well-founded that the state should facilitate the legalization of informal employment in the country, encourage formal employment, regulate the issue of deshadowing the economy, ensure the dominance of the official labor market. Attention is focused on the deshadowing of the labor market as a priority task of the government in view of the emergence of such problems as illegal use of labor, concealment of real incomes, ignoring the conclusion of labor contracts and the development of wages in the form of «payment in envelopes». It was determined that the state policy of deshadowing the labor market should contain two mutually agreed components: administrative and motivational. It was established that the most effective measures of the authorities should be: establishment of clear control over compliance with labor legislation, prevention of manifestations of informal employment and payment of shadow wages, strengthening of responsibility for violations in this area. Among the main tasks, the reduction of the tax burden, balancing the demand and supply of labor force, focusing on the development of small entrepreneurship and others have been identified as the most important. A set of measures aimed at the deshadowing of the labor market in Ukraine is outlined, the need for coordinated activity and cooperation of authorities in terms of reducing and legalizing informal employment in Ukraine is substantiated. Novelty. A set of measures for the deshadowing of the labor market in Ukraine has been determined, the implementation of which will ensure the creation of conditions for raising the standards of decent work as a basis for legalizing labor relations and increasing wages by overcoming the contradiction between a high level of human capital development and an insufficient level of social capital. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in the process of carrying out the policy of economic deshadowing as a component of Ukraine's national security.

Status of Social Security Provisions in Urban Unorganised Labour Market of Uttar Pradesh: A Field Check

Status of Social Security Provisions in Urban Unorganised Labour Market of Uttar Pradesh: A Field Check

Towards a Populous Future, Policy Solutions and Prospects in Iran's Population Sphere: A Policy Brief

Background: The population of any country plays a crucial role in its economic, social, cultural, and political development. A young population enhances the workforce and economic dynamism of the country. Changes in lifestyle and a series of population, economic, and political policies in recent years have exposed Iran to the risk of population aging and demographic warnings from social researchers. The situation is such that population experts unanimously believe that if the current trend of increasing births and population growth continues, the country will face a major population crisis in the next 30 years. The present study examined the challenges and policy solutions in the field of Iran's population, considering a densely populated future. Considering the age pyramid between 1990 and 2000, Iran has experienced significant population growth, providing an effective and active workforce for the country. According to statistical models, Iran's population is projected to age significantly by 2030 and 2050. The complex issue of increasing fertility and population growth requires comprehensive and balanced measures. Promoting public awareness, financial support for families, social security provision, gender balance, housing facilities, population research, rural development, and collaboration with non-governmental organizations can be considered appropriate policies to increase fertility in Iran. The population issue should not be politicized, with some opposing and others supporting it; everyone should collaborate to address this significant gap. Considering the serious concerns and warnings of the Supreme Leader regarding population aging and the expressed concerns about the decline in population and the inadequacy of the current situation, policies for increasing fertility and population growth are on the agenda. However, all organizations, agencies, and individuals who can contribute to the realization of these policies must actively and seriously participate.

Роль человеческого фактора в обеспечении производственной безопасности промышленных предприятий

Topic. The humanitarian and socio-cultural aspects of economic development are attracting increasing attention from modern researchers. Special attention should be paid to the characterization of the role of the human factor in ensuring industrial safety. The article updates the conceptual and normative foundations of the influence of the human factor on the safety of industrial production in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify the structural and substantive properties of the human factor and substantiate its impact on ensuring the production safety of industrial enterprises. The objectives of the study are to reveal the specifics of the influence of the human factor on the provision of technical and social security of industrial production, to characterize the tasks of management of psychosocial risks of production safety of industrial enterprises. The object of the study is the process of ensuring industrial safety of industrial enterprises. The subject of the study is the role of the human factor in ensuring the production safety of industrial enterprises. Methodology. The research methodology is based on a process and systematic approach to the management of production safety of industrial enterprises. Results. The main result of the study is the substantiation of the importance and systematization of the conceptual and normative foundations for assessing the impact of the human factor on the industrial safety of industrial enterprises. Some practical aspects of the topic are characterized by the example of the nuclear industry. Conclusions. The key role of the human factor in ensuring production safety is to increase the reliability of technical and social systems of industrial production. The main tool contributing to reducing the negative impact of the human factor on accident rates, occupational injuries and occupational morbidity of industrial workers should be recognized as a production safety culture.

SOCIAL INEQUALITY IN KAZAKHSTAN: PARAMETERS AND INDICATORS

Social inequality has always been and remains one of the key problems of any economic system, to which both society itself and the state as a whole pay attention. In the article, this problem is inextricably linked with such aspects of state economic regulation as taxation, insurance, investment, which requires a special study of all criteria and indicators for the effective provision of social security of the population. The purpose of the study is to analyze social inequality in Kazakhstan using modern statistical meth-ods such as cluster analysis and ARIMA modeling.The scientific significance of the study is that it presents new insights to the analysis and modeling of social inequality in Kazakhstan. Practical significance can be observed in the analysis of parameters and dynamics of social inequality, which allows to identify vulnerable groups and focus on improving their social situation.Cluster analysis is carried out because of data on social and economic characteristics of the popula-tion, to identify groups similar in terms of well-being. The ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) method is used to model the dynamics of social inequality.The results of the study allowed us to identify the main parameters of social inequality in Kazakhstan. It was found that income inequality remains one of the most significant factors affecting the welfare of the population. Also, significant differences are observed in the level of education, access to health care and quality of housing conditions.The study represents an important contribution to the understanding of social inequality in Kazakh-stan, its parameters, and dynamics, as it allows us to assess the scale and structure of social inequality in Kazakhstan. Identify the most vulnerable groups of the population and identify the causes of their vulner-ability. To develop forecasts for the development of social inequality and assess possible risks.

Administrative and legal aspect of measures of information and legal provision of social security in the context of digitalization

Administrative and legal aspect of measures of information and legal provision of social security in the context of digitalization

Unjustified enrichment and restitution in social security legal relations

The article is devoted to the consideration of the grounds and prospects for the use of the mechanism of restitution in the law of social security. The authors argue that the industry has developed a need for a legal structure regulating cases of unjustified or excessive provision of social security to citizens. This thesis is illustrated by an analysis of current regulatory legal acts and emerging judicial practice. In resolving disputes of the category considered in the article, the courts took the path of borrowing a private law mechanism of restitution, which is generally supported by the authors. At the same time, the article focuses on the need to comply with the rules developed by science for borrowing private law structures by social security law, including ensuring the sectoral adaptation of the implemented legal instrument. In this regard, the authors draw attention to the position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, formulated in Resolution of 14.01.2016 no. 1-P. In the work, this position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is regarded as focusing on a specific industry adaptation of the borrowed legal structure of restitution for the purposes of social security law. The authors emphasize that when the parties to the social security legal relationship return to the state preceding the violation of the law, it is necessary to formalize the distribution of the burden of adverse consequences of the error of the authorized body on the basis of the general legal principle of justice, excluding a formal approach to resolving the legal situation. This involves taking into account the specifics of the life situation in which the citizen is, the duration of the period during which he received the social payment assigned by mistake, as well as other significant circumstances.

Соціально-економічна безпека як фактор забезпечення конкурентоспроможності організації

Modern economic life’s dynamism, complexity, and riskiness require enterprises and organizations to take measures to ensure economic security and gain competitive advantages. Human capital is one of the decisive factors for solving these tasks from a strategic perspective. Socio-economic security is one of the central economic categories, which, during the duration of the military conflict, acquired an extremely urgent importance for Ukraine. The study of the content and composition of the economic security of organizations made it possible to highlight the social component as a central element in its architecture. The social component ensures the interaction of the object-subject sphere of economic security management. It mediates the interaction of all types of assets and the effectiveness of the organization’s activities. The article examines the role and importance of human capital as the main element in ensuring the socio-economic security of the organization. The architecture of the components of the socio-economic security of the organization in the context of gaining strategic competitive advantages under the conditions of sustainable development is presented. The principles of achieving the socio-economic security of the organization, which contribute to increasing the competitiveness of business entities, are substantiated. It was determined that human capital determines the nature of the perception of strategic values of sustainable development, which should be the basis of achieving the goals of ensuring organizations’ social and economic security and competitiveness. Ukraine’s current state and place in the world competitiveness rankings have been studied. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the human development index, an assessment of Ukraine’s human capital was carried out. The obtained results showed the relative stability of Ukraine’s positions in the pre-war period. It was determined that the trends in the country due to the military conflict cause significant risks of loss of human capital, provision of social and economic security, and restoration of competitive positions of the national economy. In turn, this requires the development of effective mechanisms for increasing the quantity, quality, and value of human capital as a foundation for ensuring the socio-economic security and competitiveness of organizations based on sustainable development. Keywords: security, competitive advantages, human capital, development, business entities.

Social security in late medieval England: corrodies in the hospitals and almshouses of Durham Priory

Abstract Historians have debated the extent of poor relief and social security provision in late medieval England, yet our knowledge about the inmates of hospitals and almshouses remains limited. Corrodies – grants of food, clothes and shelter – have been seen as a way of alleviating poverty in old age. Utilizing the evidence of 260 corrodies, this article explores the gender, marital status and length of time recipients held their positions in two hospitals and two almshouses in Durham. Far from catering just to ageing male retainers, as is often thought, corrodies provided security for men and women of all ages.

Social Security Provision for International Migrant Workers: Comparing Indonesia and the Philippines

Despite migrant workers’ contribution to economic development, their social security protection remains inadequate. This article examines social security provisions for Indonesia’s international migrant workers and compares them with another labor-sending country, namely the Philippines using a desktop study. The Philippines is interesting to discuss due to their recognition as role model in managing labor migration and providing excellent social security protection for their national abroad. The purpose of this thesis is to answer the research question on how do Indonesia and the Philippines manage social security programs for their international migrant workers? What can Indonesia learn from the Philippines? This study demonstrates that both countries have implemented several schemes to protect migrant workers. Indonesia has provided a range of social security programs with the operation of a special insurance scheme under BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. The Philippines has covered their migrant workers through social insurance schemes under SSS, OWWA, and PhilHealth. The Philippines also complements its national scheme with bilateral social security agreements. It is concluded that Indonesia’s social security protection for migrant workers is still lagging behind the Philippines. Indonesia is considered inadequate to extend the protection for their nationals abroad due to a lack of bilateral social security agreements with receiving countries, which eventually hinders the portability of benefits for the migrant workers. While bilateral social security agreements are significant instruments for the Philippines ensure overseas Filipino workers acquire appropriate social security benefits in the receiving countries and enjoy the portability of social security benefits.

Occupational health hazards of bidi workers and their families in India: a scoping review

BackgroundBidi workers and their families are exposed to harmful substances during bidi rolling, thereby jeopardising their health. We aimed to assess existing evidence on health conditions of bidi workers and...

Risk Factors for Food Insecurity among Older Adults in India: Study Based on LASI, 2017-2018.

Food security is linked to the nutritional status and well-being of older adults. India is a rapidly aging nation that ranks highly on the 2022 Global Hunger Index. This paper examines the prevalence and risk factors of food insecurity in India's older population. We used data from the 2017-2018 Longitudinal Aging Study in India. The sample size was 31,532 adults aged 60 years and above. Food insecurity was measured using a four-item version of the Food Insecurity Experience scale. Multivariable logistic regressions using individual-level weights were implemented to assess the risk factors of food insecurity. The prevalence of food insecurity was 10.5% in the weighted sample. Sociodemographic factors were important in explaining food insecurity. Older adults who were male, younger, lowly educated, socially disadvantaged, in rural areas, and outside the Northern region were most vulnerable to food insecurity, controlling for various confounders. Additionally, low economic status, no occupational pension, currently working, social isolation, physical impairment, functional disabilities, poor self-rated health, and arthritis were associated with an increased risk of food insecurity. More active food assistance programs catering to older adults and a better provision of economic and social security are warranted to establish a food-secure environment for rapidly aging India.

How Social Security Reform Affects Retirement and Pension Claiming

A reform increasing the full retirement age (FRA) by one year leads to larger than expected delays in pension claiming and retirement, while making late claiming more lucrative leads to a smaller than expected delay in pension claiming. Survey evidence shows people view the FRA as the “normal” retirement age and prefer to couple pension claiming and retirement decisions together, even though these two decisions are not coupled through social security provisions. Two mechanisms are at work: reference dependence with loss aversion in pension claiming, and spillovers from pension claiming on retirement choices. The FRA increase leads to large government savings. (JEL H55, J26)

CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING GOVERNANCE POLICIES FOR THE PROTECTION OF INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS

The Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Governance Policy, outlined in Law No. 18/2017, has faced challenges in effectively protecting migrant workers. Despite being in effect for over three years, issues such as black markets and brokering practices persist, and institutional problems hinder policy implementation. This study examines the factors that influence policy implementation by analyzing relevant government and non-government institutions. Utilizing Mazmanian and Sabatier's theory (1983) and Grindle's theory (1980), the research identifies problem characteristics, policy characteristics, and policy environment as key factors. Bovaird and Loefler's (2016) Governance concept is also used to formulate directions for implementation improvement. The study finds that while some elements, such as the exemption of placement fees, establishment of Integrated Services, and provision of social security, have been implemented, other critical elements like the role of regions in preparing funds and training have not been implemented. Additionally, the research identifies diverse prospective Indonesian Migran Worker (PMI) behavior, hierarchical integration between institutions, and socio-economic conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic as the main factors affecting policy implementation. To improve policy implementation, the study suggests four interventions, including high-level leadership coordination, completion of implementing rules, policy socialization and supervision, and enforcement of legal rules.

Social, Economic and Health Status of Aging People in Surrounding Areas of Kathmandu

Aging is most recent phenomenon of the world population- none of the countries in the world is excluded from this spectacle. The aging of population in Nepal is growing in acceleration comparing to other segments of human population. As population transition shifts to the aging, it brings changes in social pattern, social structure and social relations. This article brings into discussion about various aspects of socio-economic status of aging people in Nepal, based on outer circle of Kathmandu city. Socio-economic status of aging people is more or less associated with the socio-economic status of family itself and, of course, of a country. Aging is not only associated with age, but also intermingled with various socio-economic factors of different arena of a society. Researches on concerned field has explored that increase of aging population pose challenges to family, society and nation. Moreover, aging people are at the risk because of individual, behavioral and surrounding factors that include level of education, past and present occupation, level of income, youth migration, accessible infrastructure, provisions of social security and many more that is discussed in the following lines. Such and other factors contribute for health risks in aging. In this scenario, this paper accounts socio-economic status of aging people in Nepal in the present context.

DECISION MAKING MODEL FOR MEASURING THE FEASIBILITY OF SOCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR TPS3R AREA OF PRINGSEWU DISTRICT

Poverty is a major social welfare problem in Indonesia. Various efforts have been made by the government to overcome the main problems of social welfare in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2009 concerning social welfare, such as the provision of social assistance, social rehabilitation, social security, social empowerment, and social protection. In fact, various efforts made by the government in overcoming social welfare problems in Indonesia are considered not optimal. The lack of optimal distribution of government social assistance is affected by several factors, among others, the large number of data used as parameters and data collection and calculations that are still carried out simply and manually cause errors so that the results obtained are not on target. The study was conducted by examining the determining variables of eligibility for social assistance recipients using theSimple Additive Weighting method. To optimize the determination of the eligibility of beneficiaries in the TPS3R area of Pringsewu district, in this study the determining criteria will be applied to a system using the Decision Support System model. The decision-making system will be carried out by applying several variables as a basis for decision making including, Domicile, Family Economic Status, Employment, Income, Beneficiary Status Assistance, Number of Dependents and Home Conditions. By using the Decision Support system, poverty alleviation programs in the TPS3R area of Pringsewu district can be carried out quickly, effectively and efficiently and on target