Social Security Program Research Articles

Leveraging Telemedicine for Disaster Response: Longitudinal Study on Return-to-Work Programs During the COVID-19 Crisis.

Since COVID-19, Indonesia has legalized telemedicine in medical services, including Return to Work (RTW). RTW programs help occupational injury-disabled workers return to work. This research examines how telemedicine supports RTW for employees with occupational injuries. The study used Interrupted Time Series Analysis (ITSA) to find patterns and trends in RTW program telemedicine case numbers and claim settlements over time. A total of 1 314 data were obtained from the Indonesian National Social Security Agency on Employment (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan) from July 1, 2015, to December 2022. Telemedicine reduces the frequency of recurrent occupational injuries in persons with impairments (Relative Risk [RR] = 0.59). In addition, the integration of telemedicine into health care practices exhibits promising prospects in terms of mitigating the financial burden on social security programs. This is supported by a robust RR (0.6). Telemedicine reduced the number of repeat cases and optimized medical claims cost in the RTW program during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results will contribute to policy and assist health care professionals and employers in improving RTW outcomes for disabled people.

The Understanding America Study (UAS)

PurposeThe Understanding America Study (UAS) is a probability-based Internet panel housed at the Center for Economic and Social Research at the University of Southern California (USC). The UAS serves as...

Legal Protection of Social Security and Forms of Providing Accountability, Coaching, and Welfare for Indonesian National Athletes

The aim of this research is to analyze the legal protection provided by athletes for those who are not included in the social security program in the event of an injury and old-age pension security. National athletes have basic rights such as the right to education, health and protection from exploitation. They also have the right to receive appropriate rewards for their efforts and achievements in sports. Legal protection is necessary to ensure that these rights are respected and protected. The government has an important role in the legal protection of national athletes, including in terms of funding, coaching, accountability, training, sports facilities and sports promotion. The government also has an obligation to protect athletes from exploitation and discrimination. In order to achieve brilliant sporting achievements, strong legal protection for national athletes is very important. This provides encouragement for athletes to fully commit to their sport without having to worry about any legal issues that may arise. Thus, legal protection for national athletes is an essential aspect in advancing sports and encouraging future generations of athletes to achieve higher achievements.

Exploring The Contributions Of 5-Star Hotels In Bali Indonesia, To Social Development Pillars Of The SDGs: A Descriptive Qualitative Analysis

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global development agenda designed to address economic, social, environmental, legal, and governance challenges. Tourism, including the hospitality industry, is a key sector highlighted within the SDGs framework. This study aims to examine the role of five-star hotels in Bali in advancing the SDGs, particularly focusing on the social development pillar. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the findings reveal that both five-star hotels in this study have implemented several relevant indicators of the SDGs' social pillar. Hotel A supports SDG 1 (No Poverty) through local employment and social security programs; SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) by distributing food packages to employees and their families; SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) through employee welfare programs; SDG 4 (Quality Education) via career development; and SDG 5 (Gender Equality) by promoting women in management roles. Meanwhile, Hotel B emphasizes SDG 1 through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives, SDG 3 by providing health insurance, SDG 4 through staff training, and SDG 5 by fostering an inclusive work environment. These findings demonstrate that the hospitality sector can contribute significantly to the SDGs in Indonesia, particularly in Bali as a major tourist destination. The measures taken by these hotels can serve as a model for sustainable social development practices within the hospitality industry.

Public Relations Campaign Program Evaluation: A Descriptive Study of the 'Hard Work Free of Worry' Campaign by BPJS Employment

This research discusses the evaluation of the public relations campaign "Kerja Keras Bebas Cemas" launched by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan to raise awareness and participation among the public, particularly informal workers, in the social security program. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the implementation stages, effects, and impacts of the campaign. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method involving in-depth interviews, documentation, and online observation to gather data. The evaluation results indicate that the campaign successfully raised public awareness and participation, as evidenced by a significant increase in participant registrations. The campaign was conducted on a national scale, led by the Deputi Bidang Komunikasi and executed integrally by all BPJS Ketenagakerjaan branch offices through systematic stages. The conclusion of this research shows that the "Kerja Keras Bebas Cemas" campaign effectively achieved its goals of increasing participation and public awareness. However, improvements are needed in message measurement and media selection to enhance effectiveness further.

Impact of Energy Crises on Income Inequality: An Application of Piketty’s Hypothesis to Pakistan

In Pakistan, the majority of people have access to energy supplies. However, people who are underprivileged, below the extreme poverty line, or part of the middle class often spend disproportionate portions of their income on energy supplies and services, to some extent because of higher upfront prices for energy supplies, expensive products, and expensive imported appliances. The nonavailability of low-cost energy supplies is mainly affecting underdeveloped regions that have mostly low-income households. We used the dynamic ordinary least squares method to look at the impact of the energy crisis on income inequality from 1997 to 2021. The results show that the energy crisis exacerbates income inequality as low-income groups end up spending more significant shares of their income on energy products, supplies, and services than higher-income groups. Fair and equal access to energy supplies and services is less likely to reduce income inequality if prices are not cost-efficient. Cautious deliberation regarding the structure of energy tariffs is inevitable; at the same time, safety nets and social security programs for the poorest groups need to be expanded. At this stage, the aim is to target energy prices that will achieve the objectives of reducing polarity and increasing real income.

Criminal Liability by the Company in the Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Management System

The purpose of this research is to find out how companies can be held accountable for their violations of the occupational safety and health management system. This research was conducted qualitatively using empirical data and legal sources of legislation. This research was conducted at the South Sulawesi Provincial Manpower Office and BPJS Employment Makassar City Branch. The results show that businesses can be criminally liable if they commit errors or omissions, such as not reporting work accidents, not registering employees in the BPJS employment social security program, and not having OHS certification for employees and operators. Criminal liability accepted by organisations includes imprisonment. In addition to criminal penalties, companies may also face administrative reprimands or fines. If companies do not implement an Occupational Safety and Health Management System, they must receive a warning. If the company does not follow the warning, the Indonesian Law No. 8 of 1981 on Criminal Procedure Law will be applied, in accordance with the provisions in PERMA No. 13 of 2016 on Procedures for Handling Criminal Cases by Companies. Companies that do not implement the Occupational Safety and Health Management System will be subject to imprisonment for a maximum of 3 months according to Article 15 of Law No. 1 of 1970 on Occupational Safety and Article 186 of Law No. 13 of 2003 on Labour.

Fiscal Policy’s Function in Reducing Economic Downturn

Fiscal policy drives a nation’s economic activity by taxing and spending by the government. It is essential for preventing economic downturns. Generally, it operates as follows: A rise in government spending Business and consumer spending typically decreases during recessions, which lowers the economy’s total demand. The government can spend more on infrastructure, services, and public initiatives to make up for this. Quick economic stimulation results in more demand for goods and services as well as the creation of jobs. Tax Rebates: Lower taxes generate more cash for businesses and consumers alike. More money is available for both individuals and companies to invest in and expand their businesses. It is possible to counteract the drop in private sector demand by increasing spending and investment. Transfer Payments: The government may also raise transfer payments to pay for social security, unemployment insurance, and other welfare programs. These payments shield the purchasing power of those who are adversely affected by the recession and aid in stabilizing the economy. Automatic Stabilizers: Without the need for new legislation, some components of fiscal policy automatically promote economic stabilization. For instance, lower-class and impoverished households benefit from automatic stabilizers that reduce taxes in reaction to slower economic development and falling revenues. Unemployment insurance and progressive income taxes are two instances of these stabilizers. As a result, aggregate demand is sustained. Debt and Budget Deficits: During a recession, the government may have a budget deficit if expenditure exceeds revenue. This may lead to an increase in the national debt, but this is typically justified as a benefit to the economy. The theory is that the economy will eventually recover from the short-term debt increase due to the stimulus’s long-term impacts, improving the country’s financial situation. The Multiplier Effect: The economy may be impacted in a number of ways by the government’s increased expenditure and tax incentives. For example, when the government funds a new infrastructure project, the workers employed to complete it spend their earnings on goods and services, increasing demand and economic activity as well as the profits of themselves and other firms. Generally speaking, the goal of fiscal policy is to boost the economy during recessions in order to lessen their severity and hasten their recovery.

Reconstruction of Death Insurance Regulations for Non-Wage Workers and the Sustainability of the Death Social Security Fund

This journal explores the reconstruction of death insurance regulations for workers who are not wage recipients, aimed at maintaining the sustainability of the death social security fund in Indonesia. The background of this study stems from the challenges faced by non-wage workers in accessing adequate social security benefits, particularly in the event of death, which is a critical aspect of social protection. The objective of the research is to evaluate the current regulatory framework and propose reforms that ensure equitable access and sustainability of the death benefit program for all workers, regardless of their wage status. The study employs a qualitative research method, utilizing legal analysis and case studies to assess the effectiveness of existing regulations and identify gaps that hinder the optimal functioning of the death insurance system. The results indicate significant disparities in the protection provided to wage and non-wage workers, highlighting the need for a more inclusive approach. The proposed regulatory reconstruction emphasizes the importance of expanding coverage, enhancing contributions, and improving the management of the social security fund to ensure long-term sustainability. The conclusions drawn from this research underscore the urgency of regulatory reforms that align with the principles of social justice and financial viability, ensuring that all workers, particularly those who are non-wage recipients, are adequately protected under the death social security program. This study provides a roadmap for policymakers and stakeholders to address the existing challenges and strengthen the social security framework in Indonesia.

Social Security Program for the Bede Community: Savar Upazila Perspective

Bede, also known as Baidya (feminine: Bedeni) or Manta, are a nomadic Indo-Aryan people of Bangladesh who have been neglected and backward since ages. To bring them into the mainstream of the society and for the overall development of the country, it is very important to preserve the basic rights of these neglected and backward groups by ensuring social justice, developed socio-economic conditions, proper educational system, permanent habitation, proper health services and all the social security programs supported by the government. To improve the quality of life of the Bede community, the government of Bangladesh has introduced a unique program called “Livelihood Development Program for Bede Community”. The main objective of this study is to be informed to what extent this government supported program is effective for the Bede community. Mixed method is used in this exploratory study. Here, Survey method is conducted for quantitative data, Case study and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is used for qualitative data. Quantitative data has been collected from 100 selected Bede people through purposive sampling from the Bede community who resides in Savar Upazila of Dhaka district where the Department of Social Services is running the government program for them. Among the surveyed population, a maximum of 40% Bede are between 30-40 years of age, and 50% of them are illiterate. But 20% of Bede have educational qualifications at the primary level. Under this program, the Government provides Allowance for them. 40% Bede received their first allowance in the 2015-16 financial year, while 66% Bede people used the allowance money for medical purposes and 40% Bede expressed satisfaction with receiving the allowance. Government also introduced the Education Stipend for Bede students. 40% of Bede students have received educational opportunities through this stipend and they are very satisfied. 33% of the surveyed Bede people received training on beautification and they are satisfied. Government also provides post training grants for their self-establishment.

Optimal Social Security with Loss Aversion

This article characterizes optimal social security in economies with agents who exhibit loss aversion. Two forms of loss aversion are explored. In the first, workers have a fixed retirement age and are loss averse over private savings. This motivates a more generous social security program. In the second, workers do no private savings but can choose their retirement age, exhibiting loss aversion over the foregone leisure time from delayed retirement. Social security benefits consequently rise steeper with retirement age and an earlier normal retirement age is optimal. In both cases, optimal policy is highly sensitive to the introduction of loss averse preferences.

Later life employment: Benefits and challenges experienced by older immigrants from Sub‐Saharan Africa living in Georgia

AbstractThis study examines the integration of older African immigrants in the United States through work, which provides them autonomy in later life. The study utilizes qualitative data from 27 older African immigrants from Sub‐Saharan Africa living in Georgia. The older adults are 55 or older and immigrated to the United States after 1990. The participants are from five countries (Cameroon, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Togo, and Zambia). Their ages range from 55 to 85 years old. There are 18 men and nine women. Six participants had doctoral degrees, nine had master's degrees, six had associate or college degrees, six had vocational training, and some had college, secondary, or primary education or no formal education. Eighteen participants were employed full‐time. I apply thematic analysis to highlight emerging themes. The findings demonstrate the importance of the push and pull factors in determining immigrants' decisions to migrate in later life. Other findings highlight the challenges older adults, especially African immigrants, encounter to remain active and gainfully employed. The challenges include problems of language and accent and the classification of foreign credentials in the job market. The participants expressed the necessity to work because of family and societal obligations or perceived obligations back in their countries of origin, most notably the desire to achieve autonomy in later life. This paper contributes to the literature on the diverse aging population by expounding on the contributions made by older immigrants in the workforce, their families, and society. With the information acquired from older African immigrants, we can continue advancing policies that address the concerns of our diverse aging population. Policies should aim at training that targets older adults from diverse linguistic, educational, and cultural backgrounds. Policies should also lay out clearer pathways to financial independence, including education on the role of social security and other safety net programs for older Americans. Policies must reflect the importance of healthcare in later life, so healthcare policies should address issues on cultural competencies in training healthcare providers and educating older adult immigrants on navigating the healthcare system.

Marketing Strategy Analysis in Increasing Participation Numbers in the Social Security Administration for Employment (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan) Tanjung Perak Branch Office Using SWOT Analysis Method

This study delves into the societal responsibility of nations for ensuring the well-being of their citizens through the implementation of social welfare systems, notably the social security program managed by the Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS). The historical evolution of PT Jamsostek (Persero) underscores the development of social security programs in Indonesia, emphasizing the significance of safeguarding workers' economic and social interests. This research focuses on BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Tanjung Perak Branch, aiming to analyze its marketing strategies to augment membership through the SWOT analysis method. Employing a qualitative approach, the study employs interviews, observations, and documentation for data collection. The findings reveal strengths in BPJS Ketenagakerjaan's extensive social security offerings, weaknesses in communicating with and raising awareness among informal workers, opportunities for enhancing worker welfare, and threats posed by declining membership due to competitive forces. Drawing on the SWOT analysis, the study suggests a conglomerate diversification strategy, wherein BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Tanjung Perak can introduce new programs to previously untapped segments, thus bolstering its membership base. The research enriches the understanding of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan's marketing strategies and contributes insights for broadening its membership outreach.

THE IMPACT OF FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS ON SOCIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

The increasing prevalence of Flexible Work Arrangements (FWAs), such as gig work, part-time work, and remote work, has raised concerns about the sustainability and adaptability of social security systems worldwide. This systematic review aims to examine the impact of these arrangements on social security programs. The problem statement emphasizes the importance of understanding the implications for social security, including changes in contributions, demographics, and the need for policy adaptation. Through a systematic approach, the review analyzes academic literature from Scopus and Econbiz databases, focusing on studies providing empirical insights into the effects of FWAs on social security systems. The findings of the review are synthesized from seven primary studies (n=7), revealing critical dimensions of the issue. Key among these is the challenges posed to social security programs, including reduced contributions due to irregular income patterns and demographic changes as the workforce ages. Additionally, the findings highlight the necessity for legal and policy adjustments to accommodate the nuances of FWAs. The review identifies several gaps in current research, particularly the need for more longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects of FWAs on social security systems. Looking forward, this review suggests avenues for future research, emphasizing the importance of exploring the intersection of FWAs with technology and globalization. It also calls for more comprehensive studies on the efficacy of new policy adaptations in various socio-economic contexts. By offering a comprehensive understanding of how FWAs are reshaping global social security management, this review provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners dealing with the dynamics of complex work and social welfare relations.

Supporting Ageing Populations in Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis of Pension Schemes and Policy Insights

The rapid growth of the elderly population is a major global demographic and social issue. Unfortunately, there is a shortage of pension plans and social security programmes for this population in developing countries, which has severe consequences for their quality of life and well-being. In this article, we aim to better understand the pension systems in developing country contexts such as Ghana, Pakistan, and Myanmar by reviewing official government materials (for example, pension reports) and the published literature to suggest relevant policy recommendations. We observed several policy implementation gaps and inequities in pension schemes for older people, specifically for informal and private sector workers. Considering the size of formal versus informal economies and the level of development index of each country, we suggest a wide variety of options for pension policies, financing, designing cash benefits, and pension payments to cover all older citizens. This article addresses the unmet needs of the elderly and their wider economic sustainability to ensure social justice and resource utilisation. Governments in developing countries should embrace and establish unique, inclusive, and friendly policies encompassing the informal sector to warrant older adults’ functional and social well-being with dignity and honour.

Perbandingan Simple Additive Weighting dan Weighted Product Pada Penerimaan Bantuan Raskin

In an effort to reduce the burden on family budgets, the government implemented the Poor Rice Program (Raskin), a social security program for the poor that offers subsidized rice assistance to low-income households. However, in practice, many households are categorized as poor even though they should not be. On the other hand, poor families should be involved, but are not included, and the process is still seen as less focused. Errors in data processing procedures can occur because Raskin recipients are still determined by human data processing. Data processing is time consuming, especially when it comes to ranking and decision making. In this regard, this research explores ways in which Decision Support Systems (DSS) can encourage faster and more precise decision making. Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) and Weighted Product (WP) are the two main methods covered. To increase the effectiveness and accuracy of government aid programs in Indonesia, the main objective of this research is to compare the use of SAW and WP techniques in making decisions regarding the receipt of Rice Miskin aid. The findings of this research support each other by referring to local residents with the pseudonyms W3, W12, W9 , W11, and W17 as recipients of rice assistance from regional governments who are inadequate in decision-making authority positions. Keywords: Decision Support System(DSS),Raskin, Simple Additive Weighting, Weighted Product.

Completeness of Filling Out Medical Record Documents and the Accuracy of Codes at Reksodiwiryo Hospital

A hospital is an institution whose primary function is to provide health services to the community. One of the government's efforts to provide health services to the community is implementing the National Health Insurance Program (JKN), which the Social Security Program Organizing Agency organizes in the health sector. This research analyzed the factors associated with delays in BPJS claims at Dr. Hospital. Reksodiwiryo Padang. This research was a descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design. The research showed that six medical record files (6.5%) had inaccurate codes, while 86 (93.5%) used the correct ones. In addition, 91 files (98.9%) of inpatient medical records needed to be completed, and only one file (1.1%) was completed. Inaccuracy in diagnostic coding affects delays in submitting claims at Dr. Hospital. Reksodiwiryo Padang. It is hoped that officers can understand the coding rules based on ICD-10 for diagnoses and ICD-9 CM for actions or procedures to guarantee the quality of service at the hospital.

Assessing the Implementation of Social Security Program for Tobacco Farmers in Jember Regency

This research delves into the implementation of social security programs, particularly focusing on tobacco farm workers in Jember regency, Indonesia. Despite the mandatory nature of the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, many tobacco farm laborers remain uncovered, posing risks to their social and economic well-being. Utilizing a quantitative research methodology, the study employs questionnaires and statistical analysis to understand the factors influencing participation in the BPJS Employment program. Findings reveal that variables such as Program Urgency, Farmers' Knowledge, Program Benefits, Farmers' Expectations, and the Role of Local Government collectively explain 67.5% of tobacco farmers' participation. Notably, Program Urgency and Program Benefits significantly impact participation, highlighting the vital role of social security in providing financial assurance against job-related risks. Moreover, active involvement of the Local Government is essential in fostering farmers' interest and engagement in the program. These findings underscore the significance of social security programs for tobacco farm workers, emphasizing the need for government support and facilitation to enhance program participation and ensure the welfare of vulnerable laborers.

Cash Waqf Linked Sharia Micro Insurance (CWLSMI) Sebagai Proteksi Dana Darurat Pelaku Usaha Mikro

The scientific work aims to introduce Cash Waqf Linked Sharia Micro Insurance (CWLSMI), an innovative approach to facilitate Sharia micro insurance contributions for micro-business actors using their owned products. Micro-business actors' product portfolios will be cataloged based on global community interests, and the management will be funded through productive waqf assets. Revenue generated from product sales will fund contributions to Sharia micro insurance for micro-business actors, their families, and contribute to government social security programs. CWLSMI serves as a financial planning reference for micro-business actors, fostering benefits for the halal industry. This qualitative research utilizes a narrative approach, incorporating primary data from search results and stakeholder interviews, complemented by secondary data from scientific journals and government reports. The initiation of CWLSMI is proposed as a recommendation to the government for enhancing the welfare of micro-business actors in Indonesia.

Legal Framework and Empirical Analysis of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan's Role in Safeguarding Workers' Rights in North Sumatra Province

This research explores the role of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Sumbagut Regional Office in protecting workers' rights through the Employment Social Security Program in North Sumatra Province. The research method used is normative-empirical legal research with descriptive analysis, using a juridical-empirical approach. Primary and secondary data are analyzed to identify legal rules governing BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. The results showed that the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Sumbagut Regional Office is important in protecting workers' rights, especially through the Employment Social Security Program (Jamsostek). This role is strengthened through collaboration with stakeholders in North Sumatra Province, aimed at educating workers about their rights and benefits as program participants. The importance of this role also depends on the positive contribution of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan internally, including its Branch Offices, by their respective duties, principles, and functions. The conclusion of this study confirms that the effectiveness of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in protecting workers' rights in North Sumatra Province is strongly influenced by close cooperation with stakeholders and positive internal contributions. This research provides in-depth insight into efforts to protect workers' rights through employment social security policies at the regional level.