Social Security Program Research Articles

Overcoming the threat of poverty and social welfare amid the COVID-19 pandemic through sustainable funding sources

The COVID-19 outbreak is believed to have slowed economic acceleration in several countries, including Indonesia. Dramatic economic changes affect the country's performance in overcoming poverty and unemployment. This article aims to analyze the social and economic impact of the pandemic. It can be seen that the government, as the holder of the mandate of power, still and will continue to rely on social protection programs in dealing with the social and economic impacts that are currently being faced. The government can expand social security and assistance programs by strengthening collaboration between local authorities and non-state institutions. In addition to social protection, Indonesia, known as a country with a Muslim majority, has a religious instrument called zakat, which is believed to overcome the spike in poverty. Moreover, zakat is also considered a potential instrument to support some countries in achieving SDG goals as long as they are appropriately managed.

The impact of social assistance on households’ transfer behavior: A micro data analysis

This paper investigates whether public transfers crowd-out inter-household transfers in Indonesia. Using household data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-3 & IFLS-4), this study evaluates the impact of direct cash transfer programs (Bantuan Langsung Tunai, BLT) on inter-family transfer (i.e., monetary transfer from parents, siblings, child, and other family members who do not live co-residently). The results indicate that, in general, the crowding-out effect is relatively small. This effect is statistically significant only in urban households but not rural ones. This finding suggests that expanding public transfer under formal social security programs to cover poor households does not significantly reduce the existence of informal transfers. Further, public transfers potentially improve the distribution of household income.

Three little words? The impact of social security terminology on knowledge and claiming intentions

AbstractWe study the impact of changing the existing terminology to describe the rules governing Social Security retirement benefits. We provided respondents from a nationally representative online panel with information pertinent to the decision of when to claim Social Security retirement benefits. The content of the information treatments was identical for all respondents, but some were randomly given an alternative set of terms to refer to the key claiming ages (the experimental treatment group), while others were given the current terms (the control group). Despite the minimal nature of the change, there were significant differences in outcomes. Those in the treatment group spent less time reading the information, but their understanding of the Social Security program improved more than the control group. In addition, the treatment delayed retirement claiming intentions by an average of about two and a half months and increased the recommended claiming age to vignette characters by a similar magnitude. The effects were particularly strong for those with low levels of financial literacy. The relative gains in knowledge persisted several months after the treatment.

Factors associated with complications of foreign body ingestion and/or aspiration in children from a Peruvian hospital

ObjectiveTo determine the factors associated with complications of foreign body ingestion and/or aspiration in children from a hospital in the Peruvian social security program. Materials and methodsAn observational, retrospective, analytical, and transverse study was undertaken. Medical records of patients under the age of 14 years old, who were admitted to the National Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins between January 2013 and May 2017, and treated with a diagnosis of foreign body in the digestive or respiratory tract, were selected. Variables that characterized the foreign body ingestion and/or aspiration were assessed. STATA v11.1 was used for all subsequent statistical analyzes. ResultsA total of 322 cases met the inclusion criteria and the median age of the cohort was 4 years old (interquartile range: 2–6). The most frequently ingested foreign bodies were coins (∼59%) and batteries (∼10%). Fifty-four cases (∼17%) were classed as having a complication. In the multivariate analysis, we observed that the frequency of complications increased when the ingested object was a battery (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 2.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.52–3.32; p-value<0.001), when the time elapsed prior to diagnosis was 8–16 h (aPR: 2.23; 95% CI: 2.18–2.28; p-value<0.001), and when the child was male (aPR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.24–2.74; p-value = 0.002). However, the frequency decreased in cases where foreign bodies were lodged in the nose (aPR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.97–0.98; p-value<0.001). ConclusionsWhilst the most frequently ingested foreign bodies in this study were coins, complications were more common in cases of battery ingestion and in those where the diagnosis was made after 8 h.

Implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 37 Tahun 2021 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Program Jaminan Kehilangaan Pekerjaan (Studi Pada BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Cabang Muara Bungo)

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in Bungo Regency has resulted in many workers being laid off unilaterally by the company without any prior notification to the workers/laborers. The laid off workers/labourers have not been included by the company in the JKP program, so the laid-off workers/labourers do not benefit from the JKP program. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation and to find out the obstacles in the implementation of the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 37 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of the Job Loss Guarantee Program in Bungo Regency. The method used in this research is using a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. While the unit of analysis in this study amounted to 9 (nine) people using purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques in this study were in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. While the data analysis technique uses the model proposed by Miles and Huberman. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the JKP program in Bungo Regency organized by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Muara Bungo Branch has been running, but has not been in accordance with Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 37 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of the Job Loss Guarantee Program. The obstacles faced in the implementation of the JKP program in Bungo Regency, namely, the lack of cooperation carried out by the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan of the Muara Bungo Branch with relevant agencies, the lack of socialization carried out by the BPJS of Employment in the Muara Bungo Branch and the lack of company awareness regarding the social security programs that were facilitated. by BPJS Manpower.

Implementasi Good Governance terhadap Kinerja BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Cabang Meulaboh

The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of good governance guidelines of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan year 2015 and the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Regulation Number 2-year 2021 concerning Sharia Services for the Employment Social Security Program in Aceh Province, given that financial institutions operating in Aceh Province are required to comply with sharia principles as regulated in Aceh province as stated in Qanun Number 11-year 2018 concerning Sharia Financial Institutions. This study applied qualitative methods using thematic analysis tools. Interviews were employed as the method of data gathering. The participants in this study were selected using a method of purposive sampling. This study revealed that the application of good governance influences the performance of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in the Meulaboh branch.

SOCIAL WORK SERVICES FOR AUTISM CHILDREN IN VIETNAM: STATUS QUO AND CHALLENGES

Objectives. The study was designed to explore the current State of social service provision for Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children and their families, analyze the existing problems in the process of providing services to children and their families from the perspective of facility managers and service providers. The research results serve as a basis for reviewing and providing recommendations to promote the effectiveness of social work services in this field. Material and methods. This study applied both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. It employed the quantitative method with surveying of 133 front line social service providers from 15 public and private institutions, and qualitative with desk review and 30 in-depth interviews. Participants were voluntary participating in the study with informed consent. Results. Vietnamese children with ASD and their families have faced many problems and risks, including the lack of opportunities and resources to access support and care services. However, social work services for children with ASD and their families in Vietnam were under-developed compared to special education field and faced many limitations, including a shortage of in-depth intervention and outreach programs, inequality of supportive policies between the public and private service providers. Conclusions. Developing a holistic social work support services to meet the ADS children and families is key to address their current problems and contributing to improving the parents'/ caregivers' care and education for children with ASD. In addition, the Government plays an essential role in issuing guaranteed policies and social security programs. Keywords: children with autism spectrum disorders, families, social work services, service providers.

Knowledge of E-Shram card among the rural population of Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background: In India, little thought has been given to how social security programs are used by rural people. Since the people reside in villages, it is possible that they are unaware of these programs and do not fully take advantage of them. E-Shram portal is the first-ever national database of unorganized workers. With registration, workers would get a Universal Account Number card or e-Shram card that allows access to benefits under social security schemes. Hence, the study aimed to assess the knowledge about e-Shram card in Pyalakurthy village. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was carried out among the rural population of Pyalakurthy and 109 members participated in the study. The data were collected using convenient sampling method between April and May 2022. The data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire through Google Forms, were administered to them by interview method, and were analyzed using Epi-Analysis. Results: A total of 109 participated in the study with a mean age of 42.6 ± 14.7 years, 64 (58.7%) males and 45 (41.3%) females. Nearly three-fourth belonged to Class IV and V socioeconomic status. Only 15% had knowledge about e-Shram card. There was a significant association between knowledge about e-Shram card and education, socioeconomic status, migrants, and smartphone availability. Conclusion: Most of the rural population had poor knowledge about e-Shram card. Creating awareness and doorstep registration services may help them be aware and avail of its benefits.

Awareness on social welfare programmes among women workers of unorganized sector with special reference to khurja pottery works

This study is destined to analyse and discuss the awareness about social protection programmes of the government among the women working in unorganized sector of a town Khurja, district Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh. Development all alone cannot be a source of peace and prosperity until it is followed by social justice and equity. Both state and central governments have implemented a number of social welfare programmes for the upliftment of the marginalized people. Generally, no information is available on effectiveness of these programmes among the underprivileged class of people. Efficiency and effectiveness of key welfare programmes in India need to be substantially improved. Particular attention needs to be paid to female participation and their access to these welfare programmes. Altering population demographics have placed various challenges before us, among which increasing pressure of social welfare of citizens is one. Remarkable disparities regarding social security remain among regions, between rural and urban areas, between men and women. On an average country spend 12.8% of their GDP on social security programmes. Currently only 47% of the global population is effectively covered with social security net. Social protection is a tool of social transformation, which creates wide ranging social and economic benefits to the society.

Financial stability risks of the U.S. social security system

The Social Security program, playing a vital role in reducing poverty among the old aged groups, is facing growing challenges. While the population age structure has been shifting towards an old aged-dependent, the volume of pension benefits has turned to exceed payroll taxes as a financial source of the pension system. The paper points out the role of public pensions as a source of income, especially important for the low-income Americans. Increasing self-sufficiency of the retired persons, their ability to support families; Social Security funds are at the risk of shrinking financial reserves. While payroll tax revenues have increased over the long period; they are not expected to be enough for funding pension benefits after the third decade; if payroll tax stays as it is, without being raised.

Issues concerning Social Security, Medicare and the national debt

It happens quite usually that national politicians can regularly speak of limiting Social Security and Medicare in some ways. However, when confronted with enough public scrutiny in general, those politicians who advocate such reductions become less strident in their own comments. Taxes from the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) provides revenue for the Social Security and Medicare programs. The amount of gathered tax revenue is partially dependent on the payroll FICA tax cap. This article explains how the cap works. Social Security started in 1935, as part of the New Deal. In 1956, insurance to aid disabled people was started. In this article, different aspects of that cap are also examined. In 1965, the Medicare program came into effect. Any temporary surplus of federal funds must be used to hold US Treasury Securities. Starting in Fiscal Year 1969, the United States of America have operated under the law of the Unified Budget Act. This act stipulates that all receipts and outlays of all federal spending be consolidated into a unified budget. Much of these funds will be needed as future retirees receive benefits from the Social Security and Medicare. As that happens, there may be comparatively less US Treasury securities held by the Social Security and Medicare Trust funds. This article shows some of the concerns that the President and Congress face in budget negotiations. In 2017, the rating for long-term US Treasury Securities stayed at AA+ by Standard and Poor’s, a credit rating firm. Both Congress and the US President needed to work together to slow the growth of annual deficits, which adds to the federal debt. Interestingly, two other bond rating firms, Moody’s Investors and Fitch, maintained the bond rating of AAA. It has to be remembered that none of these ratings are permanent. As time goes on, firms that give bonds ratings will keep on analysing those who issues securities, including the US government. Furthermore, not all credit rating agencies agreed with any fall of the credit rating. As to a more recent credit rating, US Treasuries were rated at AAA. The reader should always be cognizant of the fact that ratings can change over time. Such times as occurred in May 2023 (debt ceilings, tax revenues and spending disagreements between the legislative and executive branches) may or may not be contemplated regarding the credit rating of US Treasuries.

Perception of Financial Well-Being of the Elderly and the Role of Propensity to Indebtedness and Financial Preparation for Retirement

This study aimed to check the impact of financial preparation for retirement and the propensity to indebtedness on the perception of financial well-being in the elderly. A survey-type research was carried out with 885 individuals aged 60 years or older, living in Brazil, regardless of whether they are retired or not. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used. The results indicated that the construct propensity to indebtedness has a negative impact on financial preparation for retirement and on the perception of financial well-being. The elderly are approaching retirement with a savings deficit and are heavily dependent on income from social security programs to support their families. Furthermore, the positive impact of financial preparation for retirement on the perceived financial well-being was found. Such findings highlight the importance of regulations that deal with the limit of credit supply and that prioritize the requirement of transparency of financial institutions in the disclosure to the less enlightened public. Therefore, it is essential to develop public policies to control indebtedness and incentives for financial preparation for retirement for the elderly in order to achieve better levels of Financial Well-being. Keywords: perception of financial well-being, financial preparation for retirement, propensity to indebtedness, elderly, personal finance DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/13-2-04 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

Allowance Program of Government for Social Security of Backward Communities in Bangladesh and Its Impact

Article 15(d) of the Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh states - “the right to social security, that is to say, to public assistance in cases of undeserved want arising from unemployment, illness or disablement, or suffered by widows or orphans or in old age, or in other such cases.” After independence various social security initiatives were taken to ensure the overall welfare of the backward communities in the implementation of this pledge. The principle of social security is to bring people out of poverty, isolation and helplessness. At present various types of social security programs are running under the national budget. Among these programs, allowance program is one of the most important under which underprivileged people including elderly, disabled, widows are getting benefits. Most of these programs are run under the Ministry of Social Welfare, Ministry of Relief and Disaster, and Ministry of Women and Children. The study was conducted following a mixed-method approach to evaluate these ongoing allowance programs. For this purpose, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from two types (Old Age allowance, and Allowances for the Widowed, Deserted and Destitute Women) allowance recipients. Analysis of the data revealed that the allowance program plays an important role in improving the standard of living of the recipients and most of them believe that it is a positive and milestone initiative of the government. Besides, they provided some suggestions to make this program more effective and welfare-oriented. Concerned authorities and policy makers are expected to consider these issues and take necessary measures.

The Effectiveness of Social Protection Programs in Alleviating Poverty in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review

To what extent have social protection initiatives in Bangladesh been successful in reducing poverty? Our search of academic databases yielded a total of 10 studies that fulfilled our requirements for inclusion. Our research shows that social security programs like government-funded cash handouts, medical coverage, and food stamps have helped reduce poverty in rural Bangladesh. The results of this analysis will shed light on the efficacy of Bangladesh's social protection programs and guide future policy decisions for strengthening their implementation and influence. However, problems with program execution and maintenance continue to be an issue. Our analysis emphasizes the significance of improving program design and execution to reach the most vulnerable populations in Bangladesh, as well as the need for additional research on the long-term effect and sustainability of social security programs in that country.

Valuing Losses of Pension Benefits

Valuing Losses of Pension Benefits

Pandangan Hukum Islam terhadap pengelolaan Dana Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan

BPJS is a legal entity formed to organize a social security program to guarantee everyone's constitutional right to social security that allows the development of himself as a whole as a useful human being and as an implementation of the Constitutional duty of the State to develop a social security system for all people and empower the weak and incapacitated people in accordance with the dignity of humanity. This research is a literary study with a phenomenological approach. The research data was collected by searching the literature and then analyzed by the conten analysis method. The conclusion of this study is that BPJS Kesehatan participants' understanding of DJS payments / premiums for tabarru' is caused because they do not know the contracts that apply at BPJS Kesehatan correctly. This understanding does not affect the validity of the contract because what is the benchmark for the contract is its purpose and meaning, not its pronunciation or form. In addition, contemporary scholars view the existence of freedom of faith as long as it does not contain usury and gharar

The Potential of Private Health Insurance Ownership Based on the 2018-2020 National Socioeconomic Survey Data

In 2014, the Indonesian Government introduced a social security program in the health sector. However, Indonesia’s out-of-pocket expenses remain high due to a lack of public interest in National Health Insurance services. Financing expensive health services with high out-of-pocket expenses has the potential to cause poverty. Private health insurance is considered a solution to this problem. This study aimed to determine the socioeconomic factors of private health insurance ownership and its potential in Indonesia. This study used secondary data from the 2018, 2019, and 2020 National Socioeconomic Surveys. Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables related to private health insurance ownership were age, sex, education, economic status, employment status, marital status, household status, and location of residence. The most dominant variable in 2018 was per capita expenditure (economic status), while education was the most dominant variable in 2019 and 2020. The result of this study can be used to formulate a strategy for increasing participation in private health insurance. The socioeconomic health sector should use this information to target specific markets for private health insurance.

A Study on Financial Inclusion and its Effectiveness on Direct Benefit Transfer Schemes

India's progress toward financial inclusion has been amazing during the past ten years, and the Indian government has actively supported it through initiatives like the Digital India Movement and the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana. To build an inclusive society, reducing poverty and solving the difficulties of securing sustained income may become crucial. Information and communication technologies are gradually opening up access to the unbanked people and assisting in attracting them to the banking industry. Digital technologies are promoting usage and improving residents' quality of life. In this essay, we'll talk about the progress made in financial inclusion so far, what comes next, and how we may use digital technology to create a more inclusive society. In August 2014, the government launched a new program called the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana to hasten and digitalize financial inclusion in the nation. As a result, a total of 320215027 beneficiaries received contributions totaling Rs. 793711.06 Lakhs. Additionally, as of April 2018, 240921418 recipients had received Rupay cards. The current study examines the financial inclusion through Direct Benefit Transfer in India with regard to the major social security programs, including Pratyaksha Hastaantarit Laabh (PAHAL), Direct Benefit Transfer for LPG, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, the National Social Assistant Program, the Scholarship Program, the Public Distribution System, and others. The National Social Assistance Program (NSAP), the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), and Pratyaksha Hastaantarit Laabh (PAHAL), or Direct Benefit Transfer for LPG, are among the primary social protection programs that are highlighted (DBTL). The different obstacles to building an inclusive society are listed in this research paper.

Analisis Kepesertaan Jaminan Sosial Ketenagakerjaan di Usaha Mikro dan Kecil

Social Security employment is one of the government's programs to protect Indonesian workers because this is the mandate of Article 28H paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, after which the government established Law No. 40 of 2004 concerning the National Social Security System and Law No. 24 of 2004 concerning the Social Security Organizing Agency. The regulations mentioned are an active form of the state to protect its people, one of which is from the labor sector. The authors took a study based on some of these rules by taking the title of the analysis of social security participation in employment for micro and small businesses. The formulation of this research problem is 1) what employment social security programs have been followed by job providers in micro and small businesses 2) What factors are the obstacles for job providers in micro and small businesses in participating in the employment social security program. This research is exploratory with a qualitative approach with research objects in small and small businesses, the use of data using primary and secondary data sources. The large number of participants who do not know and participate in BPJS Employment is an obstacle to the lack of participation of BPJS Employment.

Mustahiq (Zakat Recipient) Determination Application with Analytic Hierarchy Process Model

. Zakat is a rule in Islam and is included in the third pillar of Islam related to property. Zakat has a purpose, namely to clean our wealth and zakat can cleanse the human heart from greed, miserliness, and worldly nature. Zakat also helps the implementation of social security programs by balancing the status between communities, so that there is no social inequality that is too far in the gap between rich and poor. Zakat processing must be managed as well as possible by the amil zakat agency, which is currently the institution that manages zakat, namely the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS). Therefore, to achieve this goal, BAZNAS must be able to determine which parties are entitled to receive zakat, so that it is right on target.This study aims to determine the determination of mustahiq by applying the application through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model.The results obtained in this study contained five criteria modeled in the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The main criteria factors that influence the determination of mustahiq are the criteria for workers with a result of 49.5%, then the second factor that affects is the number of dependents of the family who get a result of 24.1%, after that the third factor that influences is income (income) with a result of 16.6 %, then the fourth factor is home ownership with a yield of 6.1% and the last factor, namely age, has a result of 3.4%.