Social Research Methods Research Articles

Triangulating Written and Oral Ego-Documents – Autobiographical Sources of Diocesan Pre-Seminary Pupils: Challenges and Opportunities

ABSTRACT In recent years, biographical interviews with former pupils have become important sources for boarding school history. This raises the question as to whether these retrospective sources can be combined with contemporary written material and how to go about that. This paper argues for a triangulation of written with oral sources and the related methods of historical biography research and reconstructive social research. The combination of data and methods turns boarding school history into an interdisciplinary project that poses new challenges for research. At the same time, it also offers a way to a deeper understanding of boarding school history and its long-term effects.

Scientific skills in health services research - knowledge, utilization and needs for continuing education among staff at the University Hospital Tübingen.

As part of the further development of an existing training program on scientific skills for health services research at the University Hospital Tübingen, the aim of the study is to determine the level of knowledge, utilization and needs for continuing education among staff. In 2022, a semi standardized anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted at the University Hospital Tübingen. The content of the questionnaire survey was the level of knowledge and utilization of various research methods, the need for continuing education on these and other healthcare research-related topics and the preferred training concept. The data analysis was carried out descriptively based on absolute and relative frequencies overall and grouped according to the scientific experience of the participants. Participants' self-assessment indicated that a proportion of them had research skills. However, the level of knowledge and utilization varied greatly with regard to different research methods. The 222 participants most frequently expressed a desire for continuing education in the preparation of meta-analyses (56%), questionnaire validation (43%) and -development (42%). There was also great interest in continuing education in the fields of project coordination (57%), third-party funded projects (46%) and science communication (45%). The survey highlights existing research skills and the need for methodological qualification in the field of healthcare research among the staff of the University Hospital Tübingen. The focus appears to be on evidence generation, methods of empirical social research and general research-related skills. The results will be used to design new training courses with a focus on health services research.

The Application of Social System Research Method in Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities

The Application of Social System Research Method in Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities

СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ СОПРОВОЖДЕНИЕ ПРОЕКТОВ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ОРГАНОВ ВЛАСТИ С НАСЕЛЕНИЕМ

The article substantiates the necessity of coordinating general plans with social processes in cities. It also explores the opportunities for enriching the data used for urban planning by employing social research methods. The main methods of sociological support for different stages of urban planning activities, from agglomeration and urban planning to monitoring of conflict situations at the construction stage, are presented. The data from a sociological study conducted in the cities of the southern Moscow region demonstrate the potential for forming a distributed agglomeration by increasing connectivity and diversifying settlement functions.

Social Research Methods and Methodologies

This article examines the methods and methods of social research. Social research is an activity carried out to search for explanations of a particular social situation. This article involves systematic data collection to understand patterns and changes in social conditions. The purpose of social research as a project is to transform the researcher's social science knowledge into social science skills. Social research, in-depth interviews, participant observation, non-participant observation, focus group discussions, case studies, grounded theory, etc. are some of the data collection methods in social research. The paper describes the nature of the study, theoretical stance, and research design including action research, naturalistic research, and ethnographic research, research design, interpretation, and ethical considerations. In this article, we considered case studies and participant observation as more reliable methods than other methods. Direct involvement of researchers in the subject area increases the level of reliability and usefulness of data in social research.

Use of Mixed Methods in Social Sciences Research

The landscape of social sciences is inherently complex and multifaceted, demanding a comprehensive and nuanced approach to research methodologies. This paper highlights the significance of mixed methods research in addressing the intricate and dynamic nature of social phenomena. Mixed methods not only enhance the validity and reliability of research findings but also allow for a holistic understanding of social phenomena and empower researchers to explore the comprehensiveness and diversity of human experiences, behaviors, and interactions that the traditional single-method approach often falls short of. Furthermore, mixed methods facilitates the triangulation of data, enabling researchers to corroborate and validate results through diverse lenses, thereby fortifying the robustness of their conclusions. Mixed methods contribute to the development of more effective and informed social and public policy interventions. Adopting mixed methods in social science research is not merely a choice but a necessity for unlocking the full potential of inquiry and advancing our collective understanding of the complex social world.

Transparansi dan Integritas dalam Pemilihan Umum: Upaya Mencegah Kecurangan dan Manipulasi

Transparency and integrity are two important principles that must be upheld in the implementation of general elections. Cases of fraud that occurred in the 2019 elections such as the practice of money politics in the form of distributing money and goods (cooking oil, rice, sugar, headscarves), distributing umroh coupons such as the case that ensnared Mandala Shoji (DPR-RI candidate from PAN) and Lucky Andriani (DKI DPRD candidate from PAN). The case of voting more than once was carried out by Ridwan Benseh as an KPPS member at TPS 08 Paru Village, Bandar Baru District, Pidie Jaya Regency. Transparency and integrity is one way to prevent fraud and manipulation from occurring in general elections. The research method in this article is to use qualitative methods, qualitative methods are defined as social science research methods that collect and analyze data in the form of words. Efforts made to prevent fraud and manipulation in general elections improve the quality of election management institutions, participatory supervision of the community, the use of information technology to increase transparency.

THE LINGUISTIC CHARACTER OF TAAROF IN SPEECH ETIQUETTE OF IRANIANS

The word taarof is widely used in the modern speech etiquette of Iranians. Taarof is known as a form of polite literature in Iranian culture. The thorough study of taarof is important for the theory and application of intercultural communication. Therefore, the article analyzes the theoretical studies of scientists about taarof, considers the main postulates of the theory of politeness and issues of national features of speech etiquette in Persian culture, and lastly it analyzes the linguistic nature of taarof used by Iranians in everyday real communication.The purpose of the article is to analyze the taarof in speech etiquette of Iranians. In this regard, to study the rules of using the polite form of communication between the addresser and the addressee and the scope of application of taarof in speech etiquette among Iranian peoples from the point of view of linguistic culture and traditions. The methodology of researching the issues in the article is closely related to the fields of linguistics, sociology, and pragmalinguistics. Analysis, description, and empirical and social scientific research methods are used in the course of the research on the speech etiquette of Iranians.According to the research of scientists, people's communication with each other should be based on the national mentality and its own laws, rules, and principles established in that place. Admittedly, it is true that people living in that environment prosper and mature according to the development of society. A learner of any language should know the mentality, worldview, and traditions of the country where he is learning the language in order to implement the language etiquette of that nation because cultural differences might have a negative impact on the relationship or create obstacles.When a language learner travels to the country of Iran,it is important for intercultural communication knows the cultural, linguistic and behavioural differences of that country.It is effective to use the results of the research in the teaching of the Persian language to language learners and in the research work of students.

Beyond Methods: Theoretical Underpinnings of Triangulation in Qualitative and Multi-Method Studies”

Abstract This paper explores the “triangulation approach” in social science research methods. Triangulation is an emerging method specifically in qualitative and multi-method studies. Researchers in the social sciences have increased their use of the triangulation approach recently due to the merits of this approach, especially to conduct in-depth studies through multiple inquiries. Simultaneously, this method has criticism and misconceptions among social researchers in terms of what it is, how it can be used, and the credibility of the findings when used. Therefore, this paper analyses in depth what triangulation is, the types of triangulations and how they can be applied in the social sciences. The study basically adopted systematic literature review and used 30 articles published in scientific journals. The paper critically reviewed journal articles related to triangulation, revealed how different types of triangulation methods have been applied in the social sciences and highlighted the merits and cautions of applying this method. The paper theoretically contributes to understanding the phenomenon of the triangulation approach and how it connects with qualitative and multi-method studies. In addition, it revealed that the following data collection techniques from multiple sources can be exploited: in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, literature, documents, and surveys on the triangulation method to improve the credibility and reliability of the research. Furthermore, the study empirically contributes to social science researchers applying this approach with proper understanding.

Looking beyond waves and datasets: “cultures of terrorism” and the future of history in terrorism studies

ABSTRACT Frequent observations about the lack of historical work in terrorism studies pose questions about history’s place – and its relevance even – in the field. Why have historians largely failed to engage with terrorism studies? And why have terrorism studies scholars generally failed to engage with history? This article suggests that the dominance of social scientific research methods, the quest for “rules” and models, and the prizing of quantitative data in terrorism studies, combined with historians’ own reluctance to foreground the contemporary relevance of their work, have led to the underrepresentation of history. It calls on historians to demonstrate the value of qualitative research methods to notions of contemporary terrorist violence using a “cultures of terrorism” approach in the context of Critical Terrorism Studies.

Making realism work, from second wave feminism to extinction rebellion: an interview with Caroline New

ABSTRACT Caroline New is an energetic activist who has interpolated critical realist ideas into the front-line of political activism. In this wide-ranging interview, she begins by reflecting on her life and how she became a realist and her account is illustrated with personal anecdotes recalling memories of well-known philosophers and activists from the time. She discusses how her position set her apart from other feminists and she examines the interacting threads of longstanding debates on the political left, as well as longstanding debates within critical realist circles, such as the relative importance of quantitative methods in social research and the scope for agency as a source of intentional change. Finally she brings some of her ideas to bear on contemporary issues. This engaging interview notably provides some of the social context in which critical realism developed, while also pointing towards its future potential.

Rural modernization and the remaking of the rural citizen in China: Village redevelopment, migration and precarity

AbstractThe Chinese government's ambitious plans to modernize the countryside have significant impacts for rural populations. Upgrading or relocating villages is one component of this vision with profound implications for rural citizens. We use multiple social science research methods to investigate ongoing rural transformation in two villages designated for Village Redesign in Anhui Province, China. We show that the Village Redesign process is negatively impacting on the migration–development nexus and the resultant limbo deepens the precarity of high‐mobility, translocal households who already experience secondary forms of citizenship and limited social protections. This study raises further questions about the ongoing transformation of rural China and questions the modernizing rural agenda of the Chinese state.

Using Eye-Tracking Methods for Social Attention Research and Interventions

Recent findings from social attention research suggest direct engagement with others is a necessary condition for the social cognitive development of both autistic children and their typically developing peers. These findings come from studies that have used eye-tracking technology and paradigms for measuring social attention in naturalistic, real-time settings. Social interactions allow two social partners to coordinate their attention in order to understand each other. Using a framework for studying social cognitive development and social attention in the context of social interactions, this article proposes the use of eye-tracking paradigms for social attention research and presents an intervention called second-person interactions (SPI). The article provides a review of eye-tracking research and interventions for social attention and describes the methods for assessing social attention using the SPI intervention.

GENDER STEREOTYPES BY PRESENTING A FEMALE PROTAGONIST PORTRAYED IN THE "NEIL'S BURGER DIVERGENT (2014)" MOVIE

This study aims to show a positive representation of feminism in Divergent films and find the implied meaning behind the presentation of feminism. this study uses a critical approach, qualitative methodology, and social research methods, in particular Roland Barthes' model of semiotics. Roland Barthe's athletic session model uses the concept of denotation and connotation as key analysis. This search analysis is done by focusing only on the main elements of narrative in films, especially space and time, characters, conflicts, and goals. The results of this research show that the two rhymes of representation of feminism in Divergent films and the notion that women are sexy, weak, and tend to act out their emotions than logic, it is not true. Social values and women's way of life appear in this rumor which is done by the main character named Tris. In a conclusion, the representation of feminism can be displayed through the main narrative elements in the film, such as space and time, characters, conflict, and goals. And also, this research gives findings about pacifism (K). There is 3 denotation, 2 connotations, and 1 myth in divergent film.

Teaching Note—Working Toward an Inclusive, Antiracist, and Antioppressive Research Methods Pedagogy

ABSTRACT Social work research has adopted the scientific method rooted in the hard sciences as the gold standard for understanding human behavior and creating interventions and policies for both individual and systemic change. Current methodologies are rooted in White supremacy that lack the subjectivity needed to provide space for the effects of racism and oppression to be included in studies and evidence-based practice. Social work cannot be antiracist and anti-oppressive unless it creates an inclusive research methods class that is critical of what is considered scientific rigor. This teaching note presents the current evolution of a social work research methods class to promote critical thinking around what is believed to be the gold standard of scientific research.

Methods of digital-sociology: valuation of young researchers

Some methods of social research and social analysis were modified last years. Digitalization of economy and of the social governance create some new conditions for sociological practices. There were modified a respondent, an other objects of social research because of online relocation. There were modified an object, methodology, methods and technics of social research. At the same time, education and trainings of social scientists take into account new reality very bad. Some opinions of young social scientists and social students about factual situation and wishing situation in sphere of digital-competentions presented in this research. There were marked some reasons of important these competentions because of changes in social governance, changes in communication capabilities of society, changes in demands from clients, pace of life increasing, and some new social phenomenon, which could be analyzed by digital methods only. There were marked the most high-demand in practice methods and technics of social research in digital context, needs and capabilities for students education, institutional capabilities and limits of its development in Russia. The results of the research may be used for educational program’s correction as a reflect of new challenges of social governance in Russia.

Understanding constraints to adaptation using a community-centred toolkit.

Worldwide, marginalized and low-income communities will disproportionately suffer climate change impacts while also retaining the least political power to mitigate their consequences. To adapt to environmental shocks, communities must balance intensifying natural resource consumption with the need to ensure the sustainability of ecosystem provisioning services. Thus, scientists have long been providing policy recommendations that seek to balance humanitarian needs with the best outcomes for the conservation of ecosystems and wildlife. However, many conservation and development practitioners from biological backgrounds receive minimal training in either social research methods or participatory project design. Without a clear understanding of the sociocultural factors shaping decision-making, their initiatives may fail to meet their goals, even when communities support proposed initiatives. This paper explores the underlying assumptions of a community's agency, or its ability to develop and enact preferred resilience-enhancing adaptations. We present a context-adaptable toolkit to assess community agency, identify barriers to adaptation, and survey perceptions of behaviour change around natural resource conservation and alternative food acquisition strategies. This tool draws on public health and ecology methods to facilitate conversations between community members, practitioners and scientists. We then provide insights from the toolkit's collaborative development and pilot testing with Vezo fishing communities in southwestern Madagascar. This article is part of the theme issue 'Climate change adaptation needs a science of culture'.

Creating space for dialogue: Exploring what matters for children on St Helena Island through The World Café

The World Café (TWC) method is now established as a participatory tool used in community development and qualitative research. However, there is a limited critique of TWC as a social work research method, especially with children. This paper discusses TWC as a method for understanding what matters for children on the British Overseas Territory of St Helena Island. As a social worker, the importance of supporting children’s engagement and voice is well known in participation, necessitating careful ethical consideration. Within this project facilitating authentic conversations with children on a remote island required examining assumptions alongside engaging with colonial legacies to bring forward respectful participation. TWC shares several fractures of other participatory approaches evolving from critical pedagogy, which appeared aligned with social work values and ethics. Facilitated shared learning and allowed children to discuss issues that mattered to them, although handing over dialogue to children required commitment to trust and sharing control with young people. Café events revealed the complex positioning of social roles situating lived experiences, whereby children developed their learning of what mattered to them through interactions and a growing understanding of their global position. The method edged dialogue towards transformative conversations, acknowledging the oppression of marginalised peoples, requires reflection and action from children and young people themselves to elevate their positions from within their own knowledge. This supports the potential for further research to understand if creative methods can create more spaces for dialogue, allowing the emergence of more authentic children’s engagement in research which is more socially just.

Coastal community’s perceptions on the role of seagrass ecosystems for coastal protection and implications for management

Seagrass meadows provide important ecosystem services to coastal communities, which include ecosystem-based adaptations for coastal protection; however, globally seagrasses are among the least conserved marine ecosystems. In order to develop and provide accurate and efficient decision-making processes and conservation actions, an understanding of the importance of ecosystem services for people's livelihoods and wellbeing is key. Using social research methods, such as Nominal Group Technique, Key Informant Interviews and household surveys, this study explored the association between seagrass ecosystem services and the perceptions of coastal communities on socio-ecological values including ecosystem-based adaptations in Maputo and Inhambane Bays, Mozambique. Fishermen identified support to fisheries production as crucial services provided by seagrasses to coastal communities. Respondents (93%) perceived that coastal erosion is occurring in the region and that it has accelerated in the last 20 years due to more frequent floods following cyclones. In addition, coastal development (34.9%) together with destructive fishing practices (31.3%) were stated as the main anthropogenic causes of coastal erosion as seagrasses diminish. The coastal communities (76.3%) proposed marine ecosystem restoration as the first measure to prevent coastal erosion. The coastal respondents also identified seagrass regulatory ecosystem services being central for their social and economic wellbeing and demonstrated (92%) a desire to participate in seagrass restoration in their region. This study found a high level of awareness by local communities concerning the values and socio-ecological function of seagrass meadows. This provides a strong foundation to develop effective conservation and management measures in order to ensure sustainable solutions to build resilience and stronger ecosystem-based adaptations against climate change.

Interpretation of the Self-revolution System and Standard System in the New Era: Based on the Social System Research Methods

Self-revolution is the fundamental driving force to maintain advanced nature and purity and realize long-term governance. The self-revolution system standard system boosts the transformation of self-revolution theory into concrete practice, and constructs the system fortress for the realization of self-revolution. Based on the research method of social system, this paper expounds and studies the system of self-revolution from the perspective of the four principles of integrity, structure, hierarchy and openness, so as to realize the multi-dimensional understanding of the system of self-revolution, and then leads the social revolution with self-revolution.