Quality Of Social Relationships Research Articles

A psychosocial pathway to paranoia: The interplay between social connectedness and self-esteem

The quantity and quality of social contacts have been related to self-esteem, and both social relationships and self-esteem have been implicated in the pathways to paranoia. However, how social relationships interplay with self-esteem to trigger paranoia is not well understood. This study aims to investigate whether different measures of social connectedness (social support, loneliness, and desired friendship), as well as the frequency of social contact, impact paranoia and other positive and negative psychotic-like experiences (PLE) through the indirect effect of self-esteem. Data from a sample of 169 nonclinically ascertained participants oversampled for schizotypy scores were analyzed using two different approaches: retrospective trait-like and ecological momentary measures of social connectedness. Results showed that self-esteem mediates the pathways from poor social support and social longing, but not from loneliness, to paranoia and other cognitive PLE. In contrast, pathways from social connectedness to perceptual PLE and negative PLE were not mediated by self-esteem. Results were consistent across trait-like and momentary measures. Finally, self-esteem was not implicated in the pathways from the frequency of social contact and paranoia or other forms of PLE. These results provide a comprehensive picture of how social connectedness drives specific symptoms of psychosis through self-esteem. Findings underscore the need to explore separately the quality and quantity of social relationships and suggest that the subjective experience of meaningful social bonds is key social determinants of mental health. Therefore, addressing inadequacies of social connectedness could substantially improve symptomatic and functional outcomes of psychosis.

Quality of Life for the Elderly in Taiwan

Taiwan will become a super-aged society in 2025, and people’s concerns are no longer just prolonging life but how to improve the quality of life. We investigated the quality of life and its influencing factors on the elderly. 300 questionnaires were distributed and collected with an 85% recovery rate. A structured questionnaire with the WHO version of the Quality of Life was used for the participants. The questionnaire consisted of five major parts: demographic variables, physical quality, psychological quality, social relationship, and environmental safety. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS22.0. The scores of the Quality of Life (QOL) were in order of physical quality, social relationship, environmental safety, and psychological quality. The education level, occupation, source of income, psychological quality, and environmental safety were important factors for overall quality of life with an explanatory power of 62.7%. The government must focus on leisure and health-related education to promote the quality of life of the old and combine the different resources for the elderly’s social participation.

Childhood emotional abuse and adult mental health at the intersection of social relationship and education.

Previous research has established that childhood emotional abuse has long-term, negative consequences for adult mental health. Yet, less is known about the ways that social relationship and education intersect to shape the link between childhood emotional abuse and mental health in adulthood. The current study aims to examine whether perceived quality of social relationships moderates the association between childhood emotional abuse and adult mental health. Moreover, it assesses how the moderating effect of perceived quality of social relationship differs across levels of education. The current study analyzes data from the 2012 Korean General Social Survey, a nationally representative sampling of Korean adults. It uses OLS regression models. Childhood emotional abuse is positively associated with depression and psychological distress in adulthood. However, perceived quality of social relationships mitigates the positive association of childhood emotional abuse with depression and psychological distress. Further, this buffering effect of perceived quality of social relationships operates only for individuals with less than or equal to a high school education, but not for individuals with college education or more. The results lend support to the resource substitution thesis, suggesting that positive perceptions of social relationship act as a protective factor against childhood emotional abuse for individuals with lower levels of education.

Social relationships in later life: Does marital status matter?

Previous research has suggested that unmarried persons may be disadvantaged in personal networks and social support. However, little is known about whether the quantity and quality of social relationships differ by marital status among older Americans. Using data from the 2006 and 2008 psychosocial questionnaires of the Health and Retirement Study, we examined the quantity and frequency of contact of three types of social relationships (i.e., friends, children, and family members) as well as the quality of these ties across six marital status groups (i.e., first married, remarried, cohabiting, divorced/separated, widowed, and never married). Our analytic sample included 13,087 respondents aged 51 and above. Multiple linear regression was used for the analysis. Our results show significant differences in social relationships by marital status. In terms of relationships with friends, compared to first-married persons, all the unmarried groups (except the cohabitors) had more frequent contact with their friends and reported greater support as well as greater strain from their friends, controlling for demographic covariates. Remarried persons and cohabitors were largely similar to their first-married counterparts except that both had fewer friends they felt close to, and the cohabitors also reported greater strain with their friends. In terms of relationships with children, all the unmarried groups except for widowed persons had fewer children they felt close to. All the unmarried groups were also disadvantaged in contact frequency and perceived social support from their children. Remarried persons were significantly disadvantaged compared to first-married persons in contact frequency and relationship quality with their children. These associations were largely robust when health and socioeconomic conditions were controlled for. In terms of relationships with family members, there were only a few significant differences across marital status groups. Our findings show the crucial role of marital status in shaping social relationships in later life.

Education and ethnicity: personal-professional identity of Mizrahi teachers

ABSTRACT Israel is an ethnically diverse country. This diversity is expressed among teachers and students and impacts learning, socialization, and education processes. Ethnic diversity frequently translates into a hierarchy in whose framework a certain cultural background is preferred over another. Those at the bottom of the ranking may experience silencing and erasure of parts of their identity. This situation has negative implications for self-esteem, the quality of social relations, and for social mobility. Despite there being relatively extensive writing about ethnicity and Mizrahi identity, educational research on these topics is meager. Moreover, most of the relevant literature addresses the experience of students whereas the experience of teachers is barely examined. This article focuses on the ethnic identity of teachers and examines it from psychological and educational perspectives. It is based on a qualitative study in which 23 in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Through analysis of the responses we will seek to become more closely acquainted with the experiences of teachers with respect to the ethnic facet of their identity and to delve deeper into subjective perceptions related to ethnic identity, including their implicit and intimate aspects. Three main insights emerge which can promote sensitively cultural and socially responsible educational practice.

The effect of horticultural therapy on older adults in pension institutions: a systematic review

AimsTo systematically evaluate the effect of horticultural therapy (HT) on older adults in pension institutions. DesignSystematic review was conducted based on the checklist for PRISMA. MethodsThe searches were conducted in the Cochrane library, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), and the China Network Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), from their inception until May 2022. In addition, manual screening of references of relevant studies was performed to identify potential studies. We conducted a review of quantitative studies published in Chinese or English. Experimental studies were evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. ResultsA total of 21 studies involving 1214 participants were included in this review, and the quality of the literature was good. Sixteen studies were Structured HT. The effects of HT were significant in terms of physical, physiological, and psychological aspects. In addition, HT improved satisfaction, quality of life, cognition, and social relationships, and no negative events were found. ConclusionAs an affordable non-pharmacological intervention with a wide range of effects, horticultural therapy is suitable for older adults in pension institutions and is worth promoting in pension institutions, communities, homes, hospitals, and other institutions that require long-term care.

The impact of social isolation and loneliness on resilient older adults with remitted depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: two case studies

AuthorsCatherine Gonzalez M.D. and Nancy Donovan M.D. IntroductionSocial Isolation and loneliness (SI/L) representing objective and subjective deficits in social relationships and interactions, are important factors affecting the mental health of older adults. They are also major risk factors for cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality. During the COVID-19 pandemic, instituted measures such as social distancing, stay-at-home regulations, public closures, and activity limitations, increased social isolation and loneliness for many. It is important for clinicians to recognize how SI/L contributed to worsening psychiatric symptoms during the acute pandemic, the extent to which they still persist and their potential long lasting sequelae. Method/CaseThese case presentations will highlight the impact of SI/L in two elderly patients receiving psychiatric care in an academic outpatient geriatric psychiatry clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic.The first case is a 75-year-old man with history of depression following the death of his wife who was euthymic and stable on a low dose of an SSRI since 2017. Between 2017-2020, he was active, well-functioning, attended religious services weekly, engaged in group grief counseling at his temple, took university extension classes, and visited regularly with family and friends. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and social restriction measures, he lost all in person connections (counseling, classes, services), and stopped seeing others out of fear of infection and increasing depression. As restrictions eased, many of his former activities returned, albeit virtually but he has been struggling to reconnect, continuing to experience SI/L and depression. Symptoms have only partially improved with CBT and supportive therapy.The second case is a 77-year-old woman with a history of major depression since adulthood, well controlled on low dose SSRI and as needed sleep medication. In the fall of 2019, she had a brief recurrence of depressive symptoms in context of adult son's alcohol abuse and his need to live with her. Symptoms improved as she was active in her church, had many friends and had future trips plans to complete as part of her ‘bucket list’. In spring/summer 2020, depression relapsed as she felt isolated and unsupported during the pandemic and being a witness to son's ETOH and mental health problems without a clear treatment plan/next step. Throughout the last two years, she has been grieving the loss of her ‘pre-covid life’ and the realization that she might not complete her ‘bucket-list’ items. Furthermore, her physical health has been worsening, which has been difficult for her overall well-being. ResultsThese cases highlight the ongoing challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular its negative impact on geriatric mental health via worsening of SI/L. Even after multiple pandemic surges, vaccines and new treatments, the effects of isolation and social distancing have long lasting effects. In these two cases, high functioning and resilient older adult patients were negatively impacted by isolating public health measures during the pandemic. Recovery, while slow, has been based on re-establishing the quality and quantity of social relationships, re-engagement in meaningful activities and coming to terms with the unique stresses and losses during the pandemic.

How social media use enhances salesperson performance

PurposeBased on a relationship marketing approach, this paper aims to study the influence of social media use on salesperson performance and its underlying mechanisms from the perspective of salespeople in B2B settings.Design/methodology/approachTo test the proposed model, the authors used structural equation modeling with a sample of 196 French B2B salespeople. Moreover, to explore the moderating effect of emotional management between social media use and relationship quality, the authors used the Hayes macro PROCESS for SPSS and the Johnson–Newman’s floodlight method.FindingsThe authors confirm the direct role of social media use on salesperson performance, and its indirect role through the parallel mediation of social proximity and relationship quality. The empirical study provides evidence for the moderating effect of emotional management on the relationship between social media use and relationship quality.Practical implicationsCompanies should promote the use of social media to increase both the sales and creative performance of salespeople. Moreover, salespeople with low to moderate abilities to manage other people’s emotions benefit strongly from the use of social media, as this directly increases their relationship with their customers.Originality/valueThe research complements the conceptualization of salesperson performance as a combination of sales performance and sales creativity and shows that emotional management is an asset for social media users to develop valuable business relationships.

Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Women Experiencing Menopausal Insomnia: A Scoping Review

Decreased quality and duration of sleep can impact both physical and mental health in addition to quality of life, well-being, quality of social relationships, productivity, and performance. With insomnia as a leading sleep disorder among menopausal-aged women, identifying low-cost and low-risk interventions is important for maintaining physical and mental health. One promising intervention is cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). The objective of this review was to describe the effectiveness of CBT-I in decreasing insomnia symptoms in menopausal-aged women. Electronic databases were searched using terms encompassing insomnia, CBT-I, and menopausal age. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria of using a CBT-I strategy in women of menopausal or post-menopausal age and measuring at least one sleep-related outcome. Studies primarily used sleep restriction, stimulus control, and sleep hygiene education techniques. Interventions were delivered in both face-to-face and telehealth formats. Across studies, insomnia symptoms and sleep quality improved with moderate to large effect sizes and clinically significant changes were achieved in most studies. Quality of life and mental health were improved in studies measuring those outcomes. Effectiveness did not appear to vary between delivery methods. Based on this review, we can state that CBT-I is a practical and effective intervention for menopausal-aged women experiencing insomnia, providing clinically meaningful reductions in insomnia symptoms and improvements in sleep quality, quality of life, and mental health. Future research would benefit from more detailed analyses of the different techniques and dosing. Additionally, new technology, including sleep trackers and personalized care using AI-driven programming, should be investigated.

Quality of Life with Disabilities: Insights into Residential Institutions in Greenland

This paper explores how values for quality of life are being expressed and practiced in residential institutions for people with disabilities in Greenland and how this corresponds with and reflects peqqinneq and its key values of balance, acceptance, and harmony. In this study, peqqinneq encompasses a holistic understanding of what quality of life constitutes for the residents. Data was generated through qualitative interviews with 29 managers and employees and 16 residents from 8 residential institutions and is supplemented with observational data from 7 residential institutions. Our analysis focuses mainly on informants’ perceptions of quality of life, meaningful activities, and social relations, including the role of relatives.

System and structural modelling of social vulnerability of the population: a conceptual and methodological approach

The article proves that social resilience is the ability of the system to provide dynamic equilibrium. This approach made it possible to calculate empirical indicators of social resilience within the threshold limit and optimal values. The article substantiates that the emergence of new threats changes the previous state of the system, which can also be within acceptable limits (state of dynamic equilibrium). Social resilience enters into a new state, with different characteristics from the previous one, while not only the structure of the system (composition of elements) changes, but also the system relationships between indicators and the strength of influence of structural components on the system. The authors suggest carrying out studies of social vulnerability through the gradation of social resilience levels, which is a structural and compositional characteristic of the state of the economic system and reflects the functioning of such spheres as the quality of social and labour relations, the level and quality of life and demographic, environmental, and food security. The article proves that the effectiveness of monitoring social resilience for assessing the social vulnerability of the population correlates with the principles of complexity, consistency, hierarchy, adequacy, unambiguity, and continuity. The authors use a methodical approach to the calculation of vectors of threshold values of indicators of social resilience – (1) lower limit – upper limit; (2) lower optimal – upper optimal, which characterizes the permissible interval, the intersection of which means a violation of the equilibrium state. The proposed methodical approach to the study of social vulnerability is based on the formation of a system of components and indicators (grouped into regressors and catalysts), the substantiation of a rational methodology for normalizing indicators, determination of constant or dynamic coefficients of weight significance of indicators and components, as well as threshold values. The conceptual task of regulating catalysts, regressors, and components of social resistance is to determine their level (indicator value) in the system of indicators, which will ensure that the values of the compositional coefficient are found within the optimal threshold values.

Social isolation and loneliness among the elderly

Old age is a physiological process that leads to numerous changes in the body and mental and social functioning. Social isolation and loneliness (SI&L), which represent both objective and subjective experiences of social disconnection, have emerged as two key constructs that affect people's health and are particularly relevant to the physical and mental health and longevity of the elderly. The aim of this review is to assess the frequency of SI&L among the elderly, factors related to SI&L, as well as their impact on the quality of life and health of the elderly and the role of nurses/technicians in their healthcare. We performed a search of PubMed database using keywords "loneliness", "social isolation" and "elderly". The prevalence of SI&L among the elderly is from 10% to 28%. Significant factors related to SI&L are female gender, unmarried status, older age, poor income, lower level of education, living alone, low quality of social relationships, poor self-assessment of health and poor functional status. Increased frequencies of dementia, depression, coronary heart disease and stroke have been found among old people with SI&L Health education interventions carried out by nurses/technicians should promote the social inclusion of the elderly.

A Training Programme for Developing Social and Personal Resources and Its Effects on the Perceived Stress Level in Adults in Daily Life—Study Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study

Persistent stress and insufficient coping strategies have negative consequences for physical and mental health. Teaching adults the skills needed to sustainably improve stress-buffering aspects of their character could contribute to the prevention of stress-related diseases. In this non-randomised, observational, prospective cohort study, participants of a training programme for developing social and personal skills, to which they previously self-assigned, are assessed. The 12-month training programme focuses on improving perceived stress level (primary outcome), health behaviour, presence of common somatic symptoms, satisfaction with life, quality of social relationships, and wellbeing by addressing life goals, meaning in life, sense of coherence, social and personal resources, and transcendence. Study participants are recruited from the training groups via the training organiser. Companions, persons with whom they share a close relationship, are recruited to assess the interpersonal diffusion effects of the training. Matched individuals not participating in the training are the control group. Parameter assessment follows a pre-, post-, and follow-up (6 months) design. Designed to improve health-related outcomes in adults by addressing personality characteristics and using Lozanov's superlearning principles to improve learning efficiency, this training programme is, to the study team's knowledge, the first of its kind. From a research perspective, the outcomes of this study can provide new insights into primary prevention of stress-related diseases and how the effects of these measures are passed on through common personal interaction. The trial has been pre-registered (registration number: NCT04165473).

ARE OLDER ADULTS’ SOCIAL PARTICIPATION AND RELATIONSHIP QUALITY RELATED TO THEIR SPOUSE’S COGNITION?

Abstract Limited studies have quantified older adults’ profiles of social participation and relationship quality. How such profiles were associated with their spouse/partner’s cognitive function also remains unknown. Using the Health and Retirement Study (2014/2016), we identified 3,722 community-dwelling, cognitively intact, married/partnered respondents living with their spouse/partner. Spouse/partner’s cognitive function was ascertained by the Langa-Weier Classification [Intact/Cognitively Impaired but not Demented (CIND)/Demented]. Social participation was measured by the frequency of volunteer, charity, education, sport/social clubs, and non-religious organization activities. Relationship quality was measured by the perceived positive and negative support from spouse, children, relatives, and friends. Latent profile analysis identified profiles of social participation and relationship quality. Multinomial logistic regression estimated the association between spouse/partner’s cognitive function and the respective profiles. Three social participation profiles were identified: (1) Limited social participation (prevalence: 69%; reference); (2) Frequent volunteer participation (10%); (3) Frequent non-volunteer participation (21%). Three relationship quality profiles were identified: (1) Positive overall support (68%; reference); (2) Positive spousal support (18%); (3) Negative spousal support with positive non-spousal support (14%). Those with a spouse/partner that were CIND or demented were significantly less likely to frequently participate in volunteer or non-volunteer activities, while more likely to perceive negative spousal support and positive non-spousal support. Given these findings and the essential role of social participation and relationship quality in older adults’ well-being, programs focusing on older adults living with a spouse/partner with impaired cognition are needed to help them maintain social connectedness.

LONELINESS AND ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING PERFORMANCE IN OLDER ADULTS: EXPLORING THE MODERATING ROLE OF COGNITION

Abstract Resulting from changes in the sociodemographic landscape and the global pandemic, rates of loneliness have exponentially risen (Myers & Palmarini, 2017; Piette et al., 2020). Prior research demonstrates that loneliness is associated with an increased risk of cognitive and functional impairment (Cacioppo & Hawkley, 2009; de Jong Gierveld & van Tilburg, 1995; Holmén, et al., 1992; Wilson et al., 2007) as well as depression (Cacioppo et al., 2006; Kwon et al., 2017; Purtill, 2018). Although cognition has been studied as either a predictor or outcome of loneliness, it has yet to be examined as a moderator between loneliness and functional impairment (i.e., performance of basic and instrumental activities of daily living; ADLs, IADLs). Participants (N = 106) were community and non-community dwelling adults aged 65 years and older who completed four self-report measures assessing loneliness, ADLs/IADLs, cognitive functioning and depression. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to test the moderation model. Data revealed that cognition moderated the relationship between loneliness and IADLs. Follow-up simple slope analyses revealed that high cognition and low cognition were associated with decreased IADL performance amongst individuals with loneliness, and this association was stronger when cognition was low. The current study sheds light on the social, emotional, and physical disruptions the pandemic has caused in the lives of older adults. It highlights the need for interventions to enhance the quantity and quality of social relationships, and older adults’ involvement in physical and cognitive activities to uphold functional independence in later life.

Loneliness: Association with individual differences in socioemotional skills

Loneliness is defined as the discrepancy between the desired and actual quality and quantity of social relationships a person maintains. Several factors, such as socioemotional skills (emotion recognition, empathy, and emotion regulation), may play a role in the experience of loneliness. Socioemotional skills represent a complex set of abilities that enable individuals to understand, share, and regulate their own feelings and those of others. The present study aimed to investigate whether lonely individuals had greater difficulties in socioemotional skills compared to non-lonely individuals.A total of 298 participants (age range: 18–68) were recruited for this study and asked to complete a series of measures assessing loneliness, facial emotion recognition, empathy, and difficulties in emotion regulation.Results of comparisons between lonely and non-lonely participants (De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale cut-off score ≥ 3) revealed that the former had higher scores on facial expression recognition of fear, lower levels of empathy, and greater difficulties in emotion regulation compared to non-lonely individuals.Taken together the present findings indicate that lonely individuals may have greater difficulties with socioemotional skills than non-lonely individuals. Therefore, appropriate assessment of these abilities should be conducted when dealing with people who report high levels of perceived social isolation.

Nursing Interventions in Patients with Urinary Incontinence Evidence-Based Practices: A Systematic Review

Objective: Urinary incontinence (UI) causes compromised quality of life and social relations of patients. The present study was to examine the evidence levels of nursing interventions in patients with UI. Methods: An electronic search on the databases of Cochrane, PubMed, and Google Scholar was performed using the keywords “UI”, “evidence-based practices”, and “nursing practices” with the searching language of Turkish and English from 1999 and 2020. A total of 19 studies were recruited between June 1 and September 1, 2021. Results: The studies examined in this systematic review were examined in three groups, namely, "Lifestyle Changes", "Behavioral Treatment Methods" and "Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises Training". Behavioral treatment approaches (bladder training) and regular application of pelvic floor muscle exercises reduced UI symptoms. Different levels of evidence-based nursing interventions are available for the management of UI. Conclusion: In these nursing interventions, UI risk and existing UI symptoms can be minimized by adopting bladder training and pelvic floor muscle exercises.

The social health domain of people bereaved by a drug-related death and associations with professional help: A cross-sectional study

People bereaved by traumatic deaths are vulnerable to long-lasting impairments in social health, including the quality of social relationships and the capacity to manage their social lives. In this Norwegian study involving 255 participants bereaved by a drug-related death, we aimed to investigate their social health and associations with professional help. The results of a cross-sectional survey showed that participants on average rated their social health as poor, though with large variations within the group. Participants who reported high satisfaction with professional help reported significantly higher scores on most social health-related variables. More research is needed on professional help focusing on the social health of traumatically bereaved people.

PATIENT-REPORTED SYMPTOMS, IMPACTS, AND TREATMENT PREFERENCES IN REFRACTORY OR UNEXPLAINED CHRONIC COUGH: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

<h3>Introduction</h3> There are limited qualitative data describing patients' experience of the symptoms and impacts of refractory chronic cough (RCC) or unexplained chronic cough (UCC). Objectives of this study were to determine patients' perceptions of the key symptoms and impacts of RCC and UCC on well-being, health-related quality of life, work productivity, and social relationships. Additionally, patients' perception of meaningful treatment benefit was explored. <h3>Methods</h3> This prospective observational study enrolled 30 adults (aged =18 years) with physician diagnosed RCC or UCC. Two trained qualitative researchers conducted individual, in-depth telephone interviews among individuals with RCC or UCC. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and systematically analyzed to identify content themes. <h3>Results</h3> Most individuals were female (83%), white (87%), and older (mean age, 65 ±12.42 years). There were equal numbers of RCC and UCC individuals. Most common symptoms of RCC or UCC were sensation of upper airway cough syndrome (80%), hoarseness (77%), and tickle or lump in the throat (73%). Less than half (43%) of individuals reported taking medication that improved their symptoms. Common cough triggers were speaking or singing (67%) and smells or environment irritants (67%). In over half of respondents, RCC or UCC hindered communication, caused embarrassment, frustration, worry, and diminished quality of life. Perception of meaningful treatment benefits varied widely across respondents. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Individuals with RCC or UCC reported a wide range of symptoms and cough triggers. There was substantial impact of RCC or UCC on individuals' daily activities and emotional well-being. Less than half of the individuals reported meaningful treatment benefits describing an important unmet medical need.

Equal-Life team: Improving child exposome and quality of life

Equal-Life team: Improving child exposome and quality of life Four PhD students from the Equal-Life team, Christoph Giehl, Roos Teeuwen, Sammie Jansen and Vasileios Milias look at the environment children are raised in and the effects it has on mental health and cognitive development in child exposure. These early exposures during childhood can be brought on by external social and physical and internal factors which impact cognitive development and mental health later on in life, including the environment children are raised in and their family's impact. The Equal-Life project team aims to propose the best environments for children to grow up in, as the quality of life, social relations and interactions and their physical surroundings can effect their development and mental health later in life. The team are developing new solutions to improving mental health, such as bettering the housing environment and contributing to healthier outdoor environments for European children.