Social Reactions Research Articles

Strabismus outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing disconnective hemispheric surgery for intractable epilepsy: a systematic review

ContexteLes enfants qui subissent une chirurgie hémisphérique en raison d'une épilepsie rebelle sont exposés à des complications visuelles, notamment le strabisme. Notre revue de synthèse systématique vise à examiner les taux d'apparition et les caractéristiques du strabisme après une chirurgie hémisphérique et à évaluer les retombées cliniques pour les soins d'ophtalmologie. MéthodesOn a procédé à une recherche systématique des bases de données MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsychINFO et Web of Science depuis leur création jusqu’à mai 2022. Les articles inclus portaient sur la présence de strabisme chez des enfants qui ont subi une hémisphérectomie ou une hémisphérotomie. Ont été exclues les revues de synthèse et les publications dans une langue autre que l'anglais. Les outils d'évaluation critique du Joanna Briggs Institute ont servi à évaluer le risque de biais. On a par la suite extrait et analysé les données démographiques et les caractéristiques du strabisme. RésultatsSur les 41 articles évalués, 10 études regroupant 384 enfants (48 % de sujets de sexe féminin) âgés de 6 mois à 16 ans au moment de la chirurgie ont été incluses. Les taux de strabisme préopératoire s’échelonnaient de 3 à 56 %, tandis que les taux postopératoires s’échelonnaient de 38 à 100 %. Quant au site de la chirurgie hémisphérique, la forme la plus fréquente était l'exodéviation controlatérale (16 à 67 %; n = 7), suivie de l'exodéviation ipsilatérale (16 à 56 %; n = 2); l’ésodéviation ipsilatérale était peu fréquente (4 à 9 %; n = 3). ConclusionsL'exotropie controlatérale et l’ésotropie ipsilatérale sont des conséquences possibles de la chirurgie hémisphérique qui peuvent entraîner un élargissement du champ visuel. Il est important de soupeser les réactions sociales négatives par rapport au risque de réduction du champ visuel et/ou de diplopie à la suite d'une chirurgie pour corriger le strabisme. On devra réaliser des études de meilleure qualité comportant des populations homogènes, bien décrites (évaluations ophtalmologiques pré- et postopératoires complètes) et de grande envergure si l'on aspire à connaître véritablement le risque de strabisme et son taux d'apparition après une chirurgie hémisphérique.

“If You’re Not Yourself, Who are You Going to be?” an Exploration of Gender and Sexuality Diverse Pupils Experiences of Visibility Management in School: A Systematic Literature Review

ABSTRACT Like all young people (YP), those who are gender and sexuality diverse (GSD) spend their youth exploring and discovering their identities; but unlike their peers, they must consider whether, how, and when to disclose their GSD identity to others in a dynamic process of visibility management (VM). At school, GSD YP actively test social reactions, interpret attitudes, and assess safety, ultimately seeking belonging as their authentic selves. Our systematic review explored findings from 16 qualitative studies capturing GSD YPs experiences of managing visibility in schools internationally. Data were thematically synthesized, and seven themes were constructed. The process of visibility management is fluid, a negotiation with social norms that GSD YP’s very existence transgresses. YP search for, and through activism actively shape, accepting environments in which they can safely be their authentic selves. GSD YP are actively asking school staff for help in creating open communities where all YP can find a place to belong, to fight to be visible. We offer some suggestions for how we might begin.

Possible Effects of Playing Video Games With Explicit Violence on Player Aggression

Video games have become the most significant phenomenon of popular culture, and one of the most widespread forms of entertainment in society of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. This prevalence corresponds with profitability, and the video game industry records the highest revenues in the cultural and entertainment industries. Simultaneously, the level of the scientific study of the phenomenon and its impact remains disproportionately small, while moral panic and the banalized and oversimplified accusation of video games for causing violence and evil in people are the dominant social attitude and reaction. That is why the influence of playing violent video games on the development of aggression and violent behavior in individuals has been thoroughly researched. While some studies indicate that gaming has no effect at all, or even a cathartic effect, others claim that playing violent video games is associated with increased aggression and antisocial behavior. The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of explicit violence in video games on the aggressiveness and violence of players of such games. Using various analytical methods, by exploring stereotypes, cultural factors, and the potential negative effects of playing violent video games, this comprehensive analysis challenges the incorrect preconception that video games inherently encourage real-world violence. While acknowledging certain negative effects like the promotion of a culture of competitive militarism and desensitization to violence in the real world, this paper recommends responsible gaming, parental control and guidance, and positive social influence as crucial factor in shaping moral attitudes and behavior.

Występek władz komunistycznych a osamotnienie Stefana Wyszyńskiego podczas internowania

The work presents the act of communist authorities in the context of Stefan Wyszyński's loneliness during his internment. It presents repressions, persecutions and also an attempt on the life of a representative of the Church hierarchy. The circumstances which caused Wyszynski to be appointed Primate are also presented. By virtue of the insufficient agreement and repeated efforts of mutual dialogue and understanding, the communist authorities still wanted Wyszynski to relinquish his position. This gave rise to many situations leading to surveillance and imprisonment. Then, on the basis of prison notes and other materials, the September events related to the arrest were summarized and the context and course of the interrogations were outlined. A hermeneutical analysis of the prison notes was also conducted. The critical qualitative study provided an understanding of the communist transgression. The lonely Wyszynski was sorely missed by the faithful. The article attempts to interpret, or rather set tasks for fellow prisoners. Sources indicate that Leonia Graczyk under the pseudonym Ptaszyńska and Father Stanisław Skorodecki under the code name Krystyna informed on on Wyszyński. They spied and made notes not only during his imprisonment. Supposedly after the release of Leonia and Skorodecki, they continued to cooperate with the UB during the Primate's stay in Komańcza. Attention was paid to social reactions connected with the long-term detention of Stefan Wyszyński by the communist authorities. In conclusion, many historians try to evaluate the story and wonder about the necessity of Wyszynski's imprisonment. On the basis of the source analysis made, it is concluded, that the clergyman, while being interned, showed a testimony of life and heroism that moved him to fight for the respect of the Church and the nation. Keywords: Wyszyński, solitude, internment, communism, prison, control, denunciation, transgression

Development of a probability discounting task of communication for adults who stutter.

Previous research indicates speaking may be emotionally and socially risky for adults who stutter (AWS) due to psychological distress induced by others following a dysfluency. This may impact communication-related decision-making; however, no measure had been developed to objectively quantify this variable. The present study aimed to develop and validate the Probability Discounting for Communication (PDC) task, a behavioral measure of risk taking that characterizes decreasing subjective value of hypothetical communication engagement as the probability of stuttering and listener reaction change. AWS (n = 67) and adults who do not stutter (AWNS; n = 93) were recruited from an online listserv and MTurk. Across a series of trials, participants completed the PDC by using a visual analog scale to indicate their subjective value of communication as probabilities of stuttering (1%-99%) and magnitudes of negative listener reaction risk (10%, 50%, 90%) were manipulated. They also completed measures of stuttering, communication, and demographics. Results revealed communication was discounted hyperbolically across increasing dysfluency odds. AWS showed more systematic discounting patterns compared to AWNS suggesting AWS may be more sensitive to communication due to experiences with stuttering. A magnitude effect was found with both AWS and AWNS discounting communication more steeply with increasing negative listener reaction risk. Significant associations were observed between discounting, stuttering, and communication measures among AWS, which indicates that sensitivity to risk in the context of stuttering and social reaction may influence communication engagement. Overall, the PDC functions as a measure to assess underlying decision-making patterns related to communication among AWS, which may inform treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Are there dominant response tendencies for social reactions? Trust trumps mistrust-evidence from a Dominant Behavior Measure (DBM).

The question of whether individuals are more prone to trust or to mistrust has increasingly interested economists and psychologists in recent years. To investigate whether people have an initial response tendency to trust versus mistrust, we developed a novel paradigm-the Dominant Behavior Measure (DBM). Capitalizing on decades of meticulous research in basic cognitive psychology (i.e., bilingual studies, Stroop paradigm), we designed a task to measure the dominance of reactions in the social realm. Participants engaged in a series of trust games that involved switching between trusting and mistrusting two trustworthy counterparts and two untrustworthy counterparts, identified by color (while ignoring a distractor name) or by name (when no color was presented). Like other dominant response tendencies (e.g., participant's first language), trust is faster, harder to switch to, and more interfering/facilitating than mistrust (Experiments 1-7). The dominance of trust holds in various social contexts-certainty of counterpart's un/trustworthiness (Experiments 4a-4c), unfamiliar counterparts (Experiments 5 and 6), counterparts from one's in-group versus out-group (Experiment 6), and negative framing of trust (Experiment 7)-showing that the dominant tendency to trust people (but not nonsocial objects, Experiment 8) is context-independent and robust. We rule out alternative explanations such as asymmetric payoff (Experiments 2 and 4b), familiarity and strength of association (Experiments 5 and 6), demand characteristics (Experiment 7), and positivity bias (Experiment 8). Introducing the DBM as a novel paradigm, we show that trust dominates mistrust and discuss the potential of this paradigm to determine dominant responses in manifold social domains. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Associations among posttraumatic growth, demographic characteristics, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and trauma type, with a focus on sexual violence.

This study assessed posttraumatic growth (PTG) across multiple trauma types and by demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, age, education). Moreover, we examined the association between PTG and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as well as the characteristics and predictors of PTG after sexual violence. A phone survey was conducted in a nationally representative sample of 1,766 Icelandic adults. In total, 1,528 individuals reported having experienced some form of trauma and were included in the analysis, and 563 reported experiencing sexual violence. Interpersonal trauma (e.g., sexual violence, emotional abuse, and domestic violence) was associated with the highest levels of PTG. Moderate levels of PTSD symptoms were associated with the highest levels of PTG, whereas high- or low-level PTSD symptoms were related to less PTG. Women reported significantly more PTG than men, d = 0.16 and survivors of sexual violence reported significantly more PTG than individuals who reported other forms of trauma exposure, d = 0.28. Among sexual violence survivors, no demographic factors were associated with PTG, but cumulative trauma and positive social reactions were significantly related to higher levels of PTG. This study highlights that personal growth can result from aversive experiences and suggests a curvilinear association between PTG and PTSDsymptoms.

Target Audiences’ Characteristics and Prospective in Countering Information Warfare

NATO Defense Education Enhancement Program defines Information Warfare as an operation run to get cognitive assets over the opponents, by controlling one’s own information space while disrupting the opponents’ one. Not new as a process, continuous technological progress has endowed this phenomenon with speed and instruments to fight cyber and cognitive battles, to attack perceptions, trust, polarise and disrupt societies at large. The all present and undergoing kinetic conflict between Russia and Ukraine doubled by an even stronger cognitive and information war since February 2022 has highlighted even more the need to better understand individuals’ behaviour and characteristics when faced with unconventional attacks, irrespective of a passive or active feedback. By identifying and analysing specific public categories, one can establish which are contextual variables that trigger a social reaction, to be able to then design a set of protective or defensive measures. For a full understanding of the way Information Warfare impacts people’s thinking and decision-making process, to see how a resilience plan can be designed, one should investigate not only the information war instruments but also their effects over people at large. Not knowing the voice of the hostile authors, it Is still important to understand the domestic audience and their reaction to it, so that protective actions be taken for resilience and protection, through education. The domestic public’s identity and its dominant characteristics are brought into attention to understand which is the relation between these and the way Information Warfare can be countered through education, with examples from the Russian’s hostile activity. Values, national identity, stereotypes and generalist psychological profiles will be looked at in this paper, to be put in relation to behaviours, attitude change and resistance in front of types of messages, campaigns and types of media-embedded grey zone threats. The present paper is part of a larger PhD research program that focuses on consolidating a society’s security culture through better institutional strategic communication, therefore all the findings will be used to this end.

Effects of Maternal Separation and Subsequent Stress on Behaviors and Brain Monoamines in Rats.

Childhood adversity can induce maladaptive behaviors and increase risk for affective disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, personality disorders, and vulnerability to stress in adulthood. Deprivation of maternal care interrupts brain development through the disturbance of various neurotransmitters, however, the details remain unclear. The features of the symptoms of disorders are largely determined by early stress protocol, genetic characteristics (line), and the sex of the animals. The purpose of current study was (1) to assess behavioral changes in adult Wistar rats of both sexes after early life stress; (2) to determine the levels of monoamines in brain structures involved in the motor, emotional, and social reactions in rats aged 1 and 2 months; and (3) to determine the level of monoamines after physical or emotional stress in adult rats. The rat pups were separated from their dams and isolated from siblings in tight boxes at a temperature of 22-23 °C for 6 h during postnatal days 2-18. The data were processed predominantly using two-way analysis of variance and the Newman-Keys test as the post hoc analysis. The adult rats demonstrated an increase in motor activity and aggressiveness and a decrease in levels of anxiety and sociability. Behavioral disturbances were accompanied by region-, sex-, and age-dependent changes in the levels of monoamines and their metabolites. The dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems were found to be sensitive to psycho-emotional stress.

Microgrids and distribution system resilience assessment: A multi-objective robust-stochastic optimization approach considering social behavior using a deep learning modeling

In this paper, a new multi-objective two-stage robust-stochastic (MOTSRS) optimization approach for assessing microgrids and distribution system resilience is proposed. A novel approach based on deep learning is presented to model social behavior, specifically Social Reactions to Disasters (SRDs), in assessing microgrid and distribution system resilience. It is initially demonstrated that the proposed robust-stochastic approach is efficient for assessing the resilience of microgrids and distribution systems. A new resilience criterion is also proposed to be used for sensitivity analyses at the conservative level of the model. Subsequently, the effect of SRDs on system resilience is investigated through a supervised deep regression method. First, a large dataset is generated through a proposed nested Monte Carlo simulation. A numerical feature and five binary social behavior features are included in the dataset. Next, a feedforward neural network is utilized to predict the load during both normal and disaster circumstances based on the six features. The proposed supervised deep regression model with mean squared errors between 2e-5 and 2e-6 is capable of predicting electrical load during normal and disaster events. It is concluded that the resilience metrics of MGs, as well as expected operation costs and regret values, are influenced by the SRD effect.

Lingual ve Labial Sabit Ortodontik Aygıtların Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması: Retrospektif Çalışma

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of lingual and labial orthodontic appliances on patient comfort and daily life.
 Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients, according to appliance type, two groups were considered. Lingual brackets were used with respect to total of 15 patients including 9 girls and 6 boys for Group 1 and labial brackets were taken into account for 15 patients with 8 girls and 7 boys for Group 2. Questionnaire forms filled in the T0(1st day), T1(7th day) and T2(14th day) periods of all patients were evaluated. Parameters related to pain level, speech difficulty, tongue trauma, eating difficulty, brushing difficulty, time to first notice of aligning in teeth, social environment reaction, treatment satisfaction and necessity of treatment were examined according to the values marked on a scale from 1 to 10 in the questionnaire forms. Statistical analyzes were performed with one-way Anova, Welch's t-test and paired-sample t-test.
 Results: While there was no significant difference in pain level and brushing difficulty in T0 between the groups(p> 0.05), speech difficulties, tongue trauma and eating difficulties were significantly higher in Group 1 than Group 2(p< 0.05). Significant decrease were observed in pain level, and difficulty in speaking, eating and brushing at T0-T1, T0-T2 and T1-T2 periods(p< 0.05).
 Conclusion: Lingual brackets caused more speech, tongue trauma and eating difficulties, especially in the first days of treatment. It was observed that the discomforts caused by both appliances were decreased over time.

Online Social Reactions to Disclosure of Sexual Victimization via #MeToo and Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Sexual victimization is a major public health concern with significant consequences for survivors, their families, and society at large. Studies examining in-person disclosure of sexual victimization suggest that the way others respond to disclosure has a significant impact on survivors' well-being. With the advent of social media, more survivors are choosing to disclose their experience online. Research is needed to understand how social reactions to online disclosure of sexual victimization impact survivors. Accordingly, the current study examined the association between online social reactions to the disclosure of sexual victimization and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a sample of 195 individuals who disclosed their experience online via the hashtag #MeToo. Symptoms of PTSD were positively associated with the level of assault severity reported by the survivor, as well as receipt of online social reactions to disclosure via #MeToo that made fun, insulted, or said something to hurt the survivor. Online social reactions to disclosure via #MeToo that involved turning away from the survivor or providing unsupportive acknowledgment of the experience were unrelated with PTSD symptoms. PTSD symptoms were also not associated with the receipt of positive online social reactions to disclosure via #MeToo. Like research addressing in-person social reactions to disclosure of sexual victimization, some forms of online negative social reactions to disclosure of sexual victimization via #MeToo appear to be associated with worse psychological outcomes among survivors. Thus, online disclosure of sexual victimization and its impact needs to be attended to in clinical and research settings.

Facilitators of Sexual Assault Disclosure: A Dyadic Study of Female Survivors and Their Informal Supports

ABSTRACT Two-thirds of survivors typically disclose their experience to others at some point following sexual assault, but little in-depth research has addressed factors facilitating disclosure. In the current study, a diverse sample of 45 female sexual assault survivors (75% racial/ethnic minorities) and their 45 informal support providers (SP; e.g., family, friends, romantic partners) were interviewed separately about experiences of disclosure, social reactions, and help-seeking following assault. Disclosure facilitation was expressed by 40 survivors and 31 SPs, of which 28 were matched S/SP dyadic pairs. Narrative data on the overarching thematic category of sexual assault disclosure facilitation was analyzed using descriptive thematic analysis methods. Several themes emerged from the analysis of quotes specific to the facilitation of disclosure, including: individual (e.g., survivor psychological, behavioral, and disclosure recipient factors), interpersonal (e.g., SP-solicited disclosures, helping others, mutual disclosures), and societal (e.g., lack of barriers, formal supports, media). Implications are drawn for future research on facilitators of sexual assault disclosure. Clinical practice implications are provided for professionals supporting survivors and their informal support networks.

What would a Swedish mine be without a party? On metals, minerals, and love during the “green” transition: Climate propaganda in The Swedish Mine advertising campaign

ABSTRACT This article contributes to the growing field of critical studies about the visual politics of the green transition by highlighting the role of communication and the creative industries in promoting “green” ideologies. “The Swedish Mine” advocacy advertising campaign, launched in 2021, is presented as a case study to illustrate how lifestyle advertising genres are used to leverage the emotional engagement of progressive, mining-sceptical urban audiences to increase the social acceptance of intensified mining despite increasing climate awareness. Using visual culture studies, feminist, and critical race theory approaches to analyse the campaign materials, I explore how the campaign aestheticises “green” industrial progress by tokenising multiculturalism, fetishising consumption, and romancing national identity. As a counterpoint, I examine how social media reactions and activist responses illustrate tensions between mining acceptance and mining resistance in Swedish society. I conclude by positioning the campaign rhetoric in various forms of climate propaganda and highlighting the limits of the engineering of public consent for a “green” transition when such attempts use emotions as sites of “cognitive extraction” to cover technological and capitalist imperatives that ultimately promote Sweden as a leading mining nation.

Applying the prototype willingness model to day-level simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use.

The prototype willingness model (PWM) provides a framework for understanding simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use by highlighting important psychosocial (e.g., attitudes, norms) predictors of and pathways (via willingness and/or intentions) to simultaneous use. We examined both the PWM reasoned and social reaction pathways in relation to simultaneous use. Eighty-nine young adults self-monitored alcohol, cannabis, and simultaneous use and related constructs for 30 days via daily assessments. Day-level simultaneous use specific attitudes, norms, perceived vulnerability, intentions, and willingness each predicted simultaneous use, while only day-level intentions and willingness predicted number of negative consequences. We observed significant indirect effects for the two social reaction pathways examined (from descriptive norms to willingness to simultaneous use; from perceived vulnerability to willingness to simultaneous use). Only direct effects were seen for the cognitions in the reasoned pathway; injunctive norms predicted simultaneous use, and attitudes predicted simultaneous use with no mediation by intentions. Findings support applying the PWM to event-level simultaneous use among young adults. Future work should establish if PWM day-level constructs are modifiable targets that may be utilized in intervention work focused on reducing simultaneous use and related harms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Serotonin modulates social responses to stressed conspecifics via insular 5-HT2C receptors in rat

Behaviors associated with distress can affect the anxiety-like states in observers and this social transfer of affect shapes social interactions among stressed individuals. We hypothesized that social reactions to stressed individuals engage the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) which promotes anxiety-like behavior via postsynaptic action of serotonin at serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptors in the forebrain. First, we inhibited the DRN by administering an agonist (8-OH-DPAT, 1 μg in 0.5 μL) for the inhibitory 5-HT1A autoreceptors which silences 5-HT neuronal activity. 8-OH-DPAT prevented the approach and avoidance, respectively, of stressed juvenile (PN30) or stressed adult (PN60) conspecifics in the social affective preference (SAP) test in rats. Similarly, systemic administration of a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist (SB242084, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented approach and avoidance of stressed juvenile or adult conspecifics, respectively. Seeking a locus of 5-HT2C action, we considered the posterior insular cortex which is critical for social affective behaviors and rich with 5-HT2C receptors. SB242084 administered directly into the insular cortex (5 μM in 0.5 μL bilaterally) interfered with the typical approach and avoidance behaviors observed in the SAP test. Finally, using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we found that 5-HT2C receptor mRNA (htr2c) is primarily colocalized with mRNA associated with excitatory glutamatergic neurons (vglut1) in the posterior insula. Importantly, the results of these treatments were the same in male and female rats. These data suggest that interactions with stressed others require the serotonergic DRN and that serotonin modulates social affective decision-making via action at insular 5-HT2C receptors.

The lived experiences of endometriosis in adolescence-A critical hermeneutic perspective.

Endometriosis is a condition that worldwide affects 10% of all women of childbearing age. Despite the large prevalence, it takes 4-11 years from the first onset of symptoms until the time of diagnosis, and the majority experience symptoms debut in adolescence. Endometriosis affects women's lives both physically, psychologically, socially and a lack of recognition from society causes the pain the women experience to be neglected, hidden and normalised. Preventative measures targeting endometriosis in adolescence are limited and there is a need to change the way these symptoms are viewed and affected by society at large. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the lived experiences of endometriosis in adolescence and the social reactions impact on the illness experience and quality of life. With a critical hermeneutic approach, individual interviews were conducted with women diagnosed with endometriosis. The analysis and interpretation were conducted inspired by Pedersen and Dreyer's (2018) method which is based on Ricoeur's critical theory. The structural analysis shows that women experience a struggle for recognition of symptoms from their immediate surroundings including family, friends, schools and health professionals, as symptoms considered linked to menstruation are deemed to be normal for women to experience. The women's narratives are characterised into a before and after diagnosis. Therefore, the diagnosis is found to be important for the meaning that the women attach to their experiences in adolescence. Social experiences have a substantial impact on women's illness experience and quality of life and affect how women perceive themselves and their symptoms. Through interventions at the social level, it might be possible to change the existing societal discourses surrounding women's menstruation pain to raise the awareness of endometriosis.

The Effect of Good Corporate Governance, Profitability, and Corporate Social Responsibility on Market Reaction and Company Value in the Registered Mining Industry on the Indonesian Stock Exchange

Purpose: The objective of this analysis was to analyze the direct impact of good corporate governance, profitability and corporate social duty on market response and company value. Theoretical framework: The data analysis process used in this research is a descriptive, namely, analysis that aims to determine the extent to which the variables of moral corporate governance, profitability, and corporate social responsibility influence market reactions and firm value in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange which are based on empirical and theoretical facts. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses secondary data from 27 mining companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2019. The data analysis methods used in this study are quantitative and qualitative descriptive research methods, as well as relational research methods. The analysis used to test the hypothesis using SEM (Structural Equation Model Analysis). Findings: The consequences of this report show that good corporate governance (1) does not directly affect market reactions with a positive correlation. (2) profitability does not directly affect market response with a negative correlation; (3) corporate social responsibility does not directly influence the market response in a positive direction; (4) good corporate governance does not directly affect company value, with a positive relationship; Research, Practical & Social implications: Since there are no evaluation standards or standard form for determining the rate of diffusion of corporate social responsibility, the assessment of the spread of corporate social responsibility remains subjective, so there will be differences in each researcher. The announcement of the dissemination of corporate social responsibility is made by the company, together with the announcement of the Annual Report, so there are other aspects made by investors in investment decisions. Originality/value: corporate social responsibility does not directly disturb the company's values with a positive relationship; market response does not directly affect company value with negative correlation; good corporate governance does not directly affect company value through a negative correlation market response; profitability does not directly affect company value through market feedback with a positive correlation.

Bystanders' reactions to animal abuse in relation to psychopathy, empathy with people and empathy with nature.

Social and academic interest in animal abuse has recently increased thanks to greater awareness of the importance of biodiversity in promoting sustainability. The redefinition of human-animal relationships, in the context of the fight against speciesism and the defense of veganism, has also contributed to this greater attention. Moreover, public awareness of animal rights has strengthened social reactions to violence against animals, though there are still some social sectors that are indifferent to these changes. Thus, better knowledge of the psychological mechanisms underlying reactions to animal abuse could contribute to better informal, social control of such abuse. The main aim of this study is to analyze the relationships between psychopathy, empathy with people, and empathy with nature arising from people's reactions to protected and domestic animal abuse and illegal dumping. Also, as previous studies have shown differences between men and women, both in animal abuse and in personality traits, thus gender is taken into account when analyzing these relationships. A total of 409 people, resident in a highly environmentally protected territory, participated in this study. They were aged between 18 and 82 years old and 49.9% women. Participants were asked about assigned punishments, as well as the probability of intervening personally and/or calling the police, in relation to ten scenarios, based on press releases, describing one of three types of transgression of environmental laws: abuse of protected animals, abuse of domestic animals or illegal dumping. They also responded to Spanish adaptations of the Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits, the Basic Empathy Scale, the Dispositional Empathy with Nature Scale, and the Social Desirability Scale. Each participant was randomly given ten scenarios corresponding to just one transgression type but all the personality scales. Results show that people's reactions were greater for abuse of domestic than protected animals or for illegal dumping, irrespective of gender. Empathy with nature was related to the reaction against animal abuse more than empathy with people and psychopathy. Results are discussed highlighting the need for future research into similarities and differences between animal abuse and other types of environmental offences, which have many victims but no single being suffering.

Gauging urban resilience in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic via social network analysis

Social distancing policies and other restrictive measures have demonstrated efficacy in curbing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these interventions have concurrently led to short- and long-term alterations in social connectedness. Comprehending the transformation in intracity social interactions is imperative for facilitating post-pandemic recovery and development. In this research, we employ social network analysis (SNA) to delve into the nuances of urban resilience. Specifically, we constructed intricate networks utilizing human mobility data to represent the impact of social interactions on the structural attributes of social networks while assessing urban resilience by examining the stability features of social connectedness. Our findings disclose a diverse array of responses to social distancing policies regarding social connectedness and varied social reactions across U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Social networks generally exhibited a shift from dense to sparse configurations during restrictive orders, followed by a transition from sparse to dense arrangements upon relaxation of said orders. Furthermore, we analyzed the alterations in social connectedness as demonstrated by network centrality, which can presumably be attributed to the rigidity of policies and the inherent qualities of the examined MSAs. Our findings contribute valuable scientific insights to support informed decision-making for post-pandemic recovery and development initiatives.