Social Psychological Concepts Research Articles

Cognitive dual-task does not annihilate the negative effects of gender stereotype threat on girls' motor learning

Stereotype threat, a key concept in social psychology, occurs when individuals fear they may confirm negative stereotypes about their social group (Steele, 1997). This phenomenon can significantly impair motor learning, particularly in children. Given the robust nature of stereotype threat, research it is now focused on mitigating these negative effects. According to the explicit monitoring hypothesis, it is suggested that distracting individual’s attention can lead to an annihilation of stereotype threat effects, however, to date, this hypothesis has not been examined in children. The present study examined the effect of stereotype threat in a dual task condition on children’s motor learning. One hundred and fifty girls (mean age = 10.96 ± .80 years) were randomly assigned into 3 groups; 1- explicit gender stereotype threat; 2- explicit gender stereotype threat + dual task; 3- control. The task consisted of a soccer-kicking task in which the participants had to score the most points by kicking the soccer ball towards the goals on the wall. This study included three phases; 1- pretest (10 trials); 2- practice phase (5 blocks of 10 trials); 3- retention test (10 trials). During the practice phase, the results indicated that participants in the control condition performed better (M = 1.46, SD = .19) than participants in the gender stereotype threat condition (M = 1.25, SD = .16, p < .001), and, than participants in the gender stereotype threat + dual task paradigm condition (M = .92, SD = .19, p < .001). However, participants in the gender stereotypes + dual task paradigm condition performed worse than participants in the gender stereotype threat condition (p < .001). In addition, the results of the retention test showed that participants in the control condition performed better (M = 1.51, SD = .34) than participants in the gender stereotype threat condition (M = 1.24, SD = .35, p = .001), and participants in the gender stereotype threat + dual task paradigm condition (M = 1.15, SD = .49, p < .001). In conclusion, these results do not support the potential neutralizing effect of a cognitive dual task in a stereotype threat condition in children.

Youth Identity Development on the Basis of Traditional Kazakh Folk Music

This study strived to determine the most popular music genre among young Kazakhs in the context of personal, social, and national identity development, specify the relationship between musical preferences and personality type, and disclose the level of influence of traditional Kazakh folk music on the identity of the Kazakh youth. The authors conducted a survey and a test by taking advantage of such research methods as sociological survey, statistical analysis, social phenomena cognition (assessment, analogy tracking, comparison), psychological and typological concepts of Jung, as well as Abulkhanova-Slavskaya’s methodology for revealing personality traits. As a result of the investigation, hip-hop and rap were identified as the most popular music genres among the respondents (42.2%). Analysis of the data obtained in accordance with Abulhanova-Slavskaya’s personality typology revealed that 89% of the respondents preferring blues/jazz, classical music, and folk music demonstrated personality traits corresponding to the reflexive personality type; 91% of punk/rock and heavy metal fans showed conformity to the contemplative personality type; 87.5% of pop-music lovers were attributed the harmonious personality type; 93.5% of hip-hop and rap music fans – the productive personality type; 84% of traditional music fans – the performing type; and 96% of fans of pop with folk tunes – the functional type. It was also uncovered that 89% of the respondents who preferred traditional music belonged to the sensitive personality type characterized by impressionability, openness, empathy, alertness, firmness, conscientiousness, and, at the same time, inferiority complexes, and a tendency to psychogenic depressions and phobias.

Accounting for access to healthcare: Analyzing interview talk of hard-to-reach regions' residents and mobile medical units' professionals in Greece.

This study explores how social actors account for psychosocial barriers to healthcare access. Interviews with 17 residents in remote regions of Greece and 12 professionals employed by Mobile Medical Units were analyzed using the tools and concepts of critical discursive social psychology. Analysis indicated that, oriented to different accountability concerns, residents tended to attribute reluctance to seek medical help to structural barriers, while professionals leaned toward psychological and individual-centered explanations. Findings also highlighted the construction of living in hard-to-reach areas as both a "cure" and a "curse" for residents' capacity to achieve a healthy status, representing remote communities as both enhancing solidarity and social support and as promoting stigmatization against illness and social isolation. Building upon prior discourse-oriented approaches in health psychology, the study seeks to exemplify how a discursive and rhetorically oriented research agenda can be employed to explore how health inequalities are enacted and (re)produced in social interactions.

The Implementation of Framing Effects in Product Advertising and Political News

Framing effects is a widely discussed and applied concept in social psychology and various industries. This work evaluated the findings of six different studies regarding framing effects implementation in product advertising and political journalism in this review. It considered the influence of positive, and negative framing, verbal description, and vivid imagery included in the frame content. This article discovered that consumers familiarity with products could moderate positive and negative framing; moreover, negative framing and vivid imagery such as Instagram posts are especially persuasive in political propaganda and news coverage.

Toward a low-pesticide agriculture: bridging practice theory and social-psychological concepts to analyze farmers’ routines

Agricultural crop protection (CP) today is under pressure not the least because it strongly relies on pesticides that negatively affect the environment and human health. Policy attempts to induce a transition toward low-pesticide CP have had limited success so far. While the literature has examined these difficulties primarily in terms of farmer decision-making, recent research has begun to highlight the routine nature of farmers’ practices as a key aspect of the inertia of prevailing CP practices. Here we propose a framework that bridges practice theory (PT) and social-psychological concepts. We illustrate the relevance of this framework by gauging the relative roles of individual and structural factors as well as mechanisms that (de)stabilize pesticide-use practices. Our analysis is based on data from a survey conducted among Swiss farmers (n = 652). Using structural equation modeling, we find that structural factors are more strongly associated with pesticide use than individual factors. Although farmers’ personal norms to limit the use of pesticides are activated by values, self-efficacy, and social norms, they do not translate into behavior. Structural factors such as local production conditions and knowledge sourced from private agricultural advisory services appear to inhibit the mediating role of personal norms with respect to pesticide use. We conclude that reconfiguring such structural elements of CP practices may help to disrupt routines and eventually lead to a low-pesticide agriculture. Our findings also highlight the benefits of integrating PT and social-psychological concepts to advance our understanding of routines in CP.

On person-community fit: Trait-, person-, and type-based approaches to measurement

Person-community fit is a timely and important concept in personality, social, and geographical psychology. The assessment of person-community fit poses statistical and conceptual challenges because there is inevitably greater variability among individuals than there is among communities. Leveraging data from the Synthetic Aperture Personality Assessment project involving 75,705 individuals across the US, we investigated the impact of fit on education, health, and well-being. We first assessed fit using variable-centered (response surface analysis) and person-centered (profile similarity) approaches. We then introduced a typological approach to person-community fit which is predicated on the idea that communities, like persons, are diverse, and can include multiple social and environmental niches. In this approach, persons are categorized into types, communities are described in terms of type-profiles, and fit is assessed as the proportion of people in the community sharing one's type. Using a rudimentary typology based on the five-factor model, this approach revealed striking differences between communities in their type profiles. For both the profile and type approaches, we found modest associations between person-community fit and outcomes, but these effects were due primarily to normativity (person-country fit) rather than to the distinguishing characteristics of communities. Taken together, our results highlight the benefits of using a multimethod approach for conceptualizing the personality of communities and assessing person-community fit.

Scaffolding Strategy and Gender Influence in Learning Social Psychology Concepts

The concept of scaffolding has consistently been a widely explored subject in the field of educational psychology. Though a great number of research had been done in science education, there was little known about social science. To address this gap, the current study examined the interplay between gender and scaffolding on students learning of social psychology concepts. One hypothesis was that women would do better in understanding the target concept of the mere exposure effect than men did. Another hypothesis was that participants who were exposed to the scaffolding scenario designed to provide prior knowledge would be more resilient to learning the concept. In a sample of 47 young learners recruited online, aged from under 18 to 26, an anonymous online survey was used to test participants comprehension, and the results were interpreted using ANOVA analysis. Unfortunately, the results showed no significant effects of gender and scaffolding on participants understanding of the given concept. Further discussion about the possible influential factors and suggestions for future research were mentioned at the end.

Who seeks and shares misinformation about politicians? Focusing on the roles of party- and politician-level social identities

Although numerous studies have explained the flow of misinformation, finding studies that theoretically examine the psychological factors related to individuals’ information behaviours is difficult. Social media data or meta-level analyses have limitations in providing an understanding of behaviours and processes at the individual level. Accordingly, this study aims to construct a predictive model for biased information seeking and sharing as a response to misinformation, which is information without the certainty of its truth, through a survey ( N = 602). Applying social psychological concepts (i.e. social identity theory), two types of social identities were proposed as key factors of biased information seeking and sharing in the research model. Our model allows forecasting of what types of individuals are more likely to skip the fact-checking process and share misinformation.

Integration and urban citizenship: A social‐psychological approach to refugee integration through active constructions of place attachment to the city

AbstractThe current research explores refugee integration through the analysis of active constructions of everyday life in Greek cities. It draws from critical social and political psychology literature that explores spatial aspects of intergroup relations and developments in citizenship and migration studies. For the purposes of the study, 25 walking interviews with refugees from Afghanistan, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Pakistan, Palestine, Somalia, and Syria were conducted in the cities of Athens and Thessaloniki. Interviews were analyzed with tools and concepts of critical discursive social psychology. Analysis indicated three main repertoires related to corresponding space nuclei: “city squares and surrounding areas as minorities' spatial nuclei,” “political spaces as urban enclaves of belonging,” and “neighborhoods as un/familiar places.” Each of these broader compounds represented different people–place dynamics and presupposed different citizenship constructions and claims. These constructions entailed different ways of positioning oneself and others and constituted the ground for redefining integration based on local experiences and multilevel connections with urban networks. Drawing on these findings, the article proposes to reconsider integration through the concept of urban citizenship to explore everyday politics of intergroup relations in contexts of migration.

Socio-psychological analysis of education and science

This article reveals the relevance of the problem associated with the development of social psychology of education and science as a branch. The article examines the essence of the socio-psychological approach to understanding social psychology of education and science. It analyzes the results of the reforms, as well as the difficulties that occur in the reconstruction of the history of formation, definition of the concept, subject, structure, and functions of social psychology of education and science. Therefore, it is not a coincidence that the most important task is to create a full-fledged theory of social psychology of education and science. Social psychology of science is an integral part of social psychology of education and science. There is still a lot to be done, both in theoretical and applied terms, to fully formalize social psychology of education and science as a branch.

Diversifying power in action: A socio-psychological approach to inclusive energy transition experiments

Today only an exclusive group of citizens is represented in most energy transition projects. Adoption patterns are substantially shaped by gender, ethnic identity, education level, income and wealth. This stands in contradiction to the principle of fostering inclusive engagement as a key goal of energy transition policy. Despite notable exceptions, research is lacking on developing strategies for supporting demographically inclusive energy transitions. This action research study contributes to this gap by developing a theory-based and empirically tested approach for supporting inclusive engagement in energy transitions. For this purpose, we follow-up on a promising line of research in psychology and societal transformation, to inform a transition experiment aiming at fostering inclusivity based on the social-psychological concept of identity. In particular, we build on the common ingroup identity model (CIIM). The CIIM describes an approach to uniting people with different identities under a common umbrella identity, with the goal of uniting previously separated and in some cases divided groups. As such, we propose that the CIIM holds potential for connecting actors with different backgrounds in jointly shaping energy transitions. To investigate this here we describe the design, implementation and evaluation of an energy transition experiment structured around the CIIM. The findings of a mixed methods-evaluation study suggest that there is indeed potential in this approach, for fostering inclusivity. We comment on the implications for energy policy and on some of the challenges of action research in energy transitions contexts.

A Survey on IoT Intrusion Detection: Federated Learning, Game Theory, Social Psychology, and Explainable AI as Future Directions

In the past several years, the world has witnessed an acute surge in the production and usage of smart devices which are referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT). These devices interact with each other as well as with their surrounding environments to sense, gather and process data of various kinds. Such devices are now part of our everyday’s life and are being actively used in several verticals, such as transportation, healthcare, and smart homes. IoT devices, which usually are resource-constrained, often need to communicate with other devices, such as fog nodes and/or cloud computing servers to accomplish certain tasks that demand large resource requirements. These communications entail unprecedented security vulnerabilities, where malicious parties find in this heterogeneous and multiparty architecture a compelling platform to launch their attacks. In this work, we conduct an in-depth survey on the existing intrusion detection solutions proposed for the IoT ecosystem which includes the IoT devices as well as the communications between the IoT, fog computing, and cloud computing layers. Although some survey articles already exist, the originality of this work stems from the three following points: 1) discuss the security issues of the IoT ecosystem not only from the perspective of IoT devices but also taking into account the communications between the IoT, fog, and cloud computing layers; 2) propose a novel two-level classification scheme that first categorizes the literature based on the approach used to detect attacks and then classify each approach into a set of subtechniques; and 3) propose a comprehensive cybersecurity framework that combines the concepts of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), federated learning, game theory, and social psychology to offer future IoT systems a strong protection against cyberattacks.

DEINDIVIDUATION AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY

This contribution assesses the social-psychological concept of deindividuation in the particular context of its use in instances of crowd violence in South African criminal law. Well-established as a mitigating factor, and yet not used over the past couple of decades, the question is posed as to whether this concept still finds application in contemporary South African law and society.

George Herbert Mead and Psychoanalysis

This article examines G.H. Mead’s critique of psychoanalysis, in order to show how it reflects the parallels with his own conception of social psychology. In showing that both Freud and Mead address the same issues of the redefinition of the psyche based on experimental psychology in their own theoretical entreprise, the analysis makes clear that Freud’s two topics (Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious; Superego, Ego, Id) and Mead’s theory of the Self (I, Me, Self) are closely related but nevertheless kept apart by fundamental oppositions. However, further explorations in Lacan’s reading of Freud help in seeing how close psychoanalysis and social psychology can be, by shifting attention to the distinction between unconscious and conscious communication. By addressing the issue of emotions in social life, a final look at the transformation of social norms shows how the confrontation between social psychology and psychoanalysis can be fruitful.

Health and meaning through “doings”: A qualitative study with young unaccompanied refugees in Norway

BackgroundYoung unaccompanied refugees who settle in a new country are at substantial risk of developing health problems while striving to uphold a meaningful, new life. We lack knowledge about how they use their personal agency to self-care in the context of their local communities. This article examines how young unaccompanied refugees create healthy identities and looks into the social structures that promote health in their everyday life. MethodsNineteen in-depth interviews were conducted with young unaccompanied refugees settled in Norway, originating from Afghanistan, Eritrea, and Syria. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used. Our theoretical framework combined Antonovsky's (1987) theory of health, Honneth's (2005) philosophy of recognition, and Prilleltensky's (2020) social psychological concept of mattering. ResultsYoung unaccompanied refugees create healthy identities through “doings”, i.e. meaningful activities that provide recognition and the feeling of adding value. They confirm health as a relational phenomenon, including horizontal relations at, for example, school, work, gym, and other leisure activities in the local community. Vertical relations involving legal status, residence permits, and community values, were also highly important. The participants’ relation to parents/families in their country of origin was often complex, associated both with burdensome obligations to provide and a potential to care and matter. ConclusionYoung unaccompanied refugees are dependent on inclusive, supportive policies and structures which enable them to develop healthy identities. These findings should encourage policymakers and society to strengthen and expand arenas for “doings” and meaning for young unaccompanied refugees.

ANALISIS TEORI PSIKOLOGI SERTA IMPLEMENTASINYA TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL REMAJA

Adolescence has many interesting things to study, especially on the concept of social psychology. It is important to note that the community itself assumes that adolescence is a time when a child begins to look for his identity. This creates a lot of positive and negative images related to teenagers. there are many socially deviant behaviors that we usually find and who do it are teenagers. Examples of such behavior are bullying, promiscuity, and drug abuse. This article aims to invite readers to think a little more scientifically related to adolescent problems. It is hoped that this article can provide benefits for readers to help teenagers around the reader to become a better person.

Debating the legal recognition of gender identity in parliamentary discourse: Human rights and queer politics

This study documented the rhetorical constructions of ‘human rights’ in political discourse and the potential implications of their invocation as a frame for LGBTQI+ claims. The minutes of the VI Greek Parliamentary session on a bill related to the legal recognition of gender identity, conducted in 2017, were analyzed. Analysis utilized the concepts of Rhetorical and Critical Discursive Social Psychology, indicating that human rights are flexibly used in arguments oriented to the expansion, the limitation, or the opposition to self-defined gender identity. Varied representations of human rights’ content and boundaries and different constructions of agency concerning their enactment are identified. Although representations of human rights as universal are oriented to the inclusion of LGBTQI+ community, other liberal arguments obscure anti-LGBTQI+ social actors’ accountability. Human rights are also depicted as threatening Westernizing tools. The rhetorical functions of these constructions and their potential implications for queer claims and politics are discussed.

Klasik Dönem Osmanlı Kimliğinin Yönetsel ve Ekonomik Motivasyonlarına Dair Psikopolitik Saptamalar

The main aim of this study is to analyze the construction process of the Ottoman large group identity within the framework of political, economic, social, cultural structures and the social networks during the classical period. This approach is not new to the discipline of history. However, in this study, we discuss the formation of Ottoman large group identity through an interdisciplinary perspective using theories and concepts of social psychology and sociology. The argument is that the institutional structure and organization of the Ottoman Empire, which regulated the interactions and relations of different social group members, led to the development of a dual identity model. This inclusive organization model, which was shaped by Ottoman rule, strengthened the formation of positive attitudes toward unification/integration between the groups, while preserving sub-identities, and contributing to the simultaneous identification of group members with both superordinate and sub-group identities. Objective representations such as Ottoman Greek, Ottoman Armenian, and Ottoman Jew can be perceived as the most concrete examples of dual identity formations within Ottoman society.

Personal Finance Decisions with Untruthful Advisors: An Agent-Based Model

Investors usually resort to financial advisors to improve their investment process until the point of complete delegation on investment decisions. Surely, financial advice is potentially a correcting factor in investment decisions but, in the past, the media and regulators blamed biased advisors for manipulating the expectations of naive investors. In order to give an analytic formulation of the problem, we present an Agent-Based Model formed by individual investors and a financial advisor. We parametrize the games by considering a compromise for the financial advisor (between a sufficient reward by bank and to keep her reputation), and a compromise for the customers (between the desired return and the proposed return by advisor), and incorporating the social psychological concepts of truthfulness and cognitive dissonance. Then we obtain the Nash equilibria and the best response functions of the resulting game. We also describe the parameter regions in which these points result acceptable equilibria. In this way, the greediness/naivety of the customers emerge naturally from the model. Finally, we focus on the efficiency of the best Nash equilibrium.

Psychologia stosowana od Witmera do współczesności

Applied Psychology –From Witmer to Modernity This work, inspired by the symbolic “centenary”of Polish psychology has been dedicated to the emergence and development of applied psychology. The main protagonist of applied psychology, and clinical psychology in particular, has been, in the author’s opinion, Lightner Witmer (1867–1956), an American psychologist promoting the clinical method of getting to know the patient through a direct contact of the psychologist with the maladjusted, including contact in their everyday environment. Witmer’s message, supported by the new ideas of the systems theory, environmental psychology and the spreading concepts of social psychology, can be all found in what is currently expected from psychologists. Applied psychology is not only a “bridge”between the theory of psychology and professional practice, but most of all, it remains a science directed towards practice, open to the contemporary challenges; a science that accepts the necessity to adjust the ethos of the profession and the new tasks of environmental work for the improvement of health and the quality of life.