Social Physique Anxiety Research Articles

The Relationship between Health- and Fitness-Related Social Media Use and Consumers' Disordered Eating

Health-related services shared through social media are enjoying considerable growth, particularly among young people, yet they have potentially detrimental outcomes for consumer well-being. This research undertakes an examination of literature pertaining to health-related social media use in an effort to explore its relationship with disordered eating in particular. In line with objectification theory, Study 1 affirms that viewing images and videos posted on health-related social media is positively associated with the level of people’s disordered eating. Furthermore, Study 2 clarifies that this relationship is mediated, as expected, by social physique anxiety, and it also is unexpectedly moderated by general social media use. That is, the relationship between viewing health-related images and videos and disordered eating is stronger among consumers who exhibit low and medium social media use rather than those with high social media use. The implications of these findings are relevant for both health-related service research and public policy.

The relationship between Yoga exercises and social physical anxiety in athletic girls

The relationship between Yoga exercises and social physical anxiety in athletic girls

Predictors of Social Physique Anxiety among Recreational Bodybuilders

This study aimed to determine the contribution of gender, age, intensity of exercise, perfectionism, perfectionistic self-presentation and eating attitudes in the explanation dimensions of social physique anxiety (SPA) in a sample of 345 male and female gym exercisers. The results of this study indicate that the implemented model explains 21.3 % (p < .001) of the variance in Dissatisfaction with appearance and 48.4 % (p < .001) of the variance in Worry about appearance. Significant predictors of Dissatisfaction with appearance are intensity of exercise, discrepancy and eating attitudes, while significant predictors of Worry about appearance are gender, intensity of exercise, discrepancy, avoiding displays of imperfection and eating attitudes. In other words, recreational levels of exercise, negative perfectionism and negative attitudes towards food are strong predictors of social physique anxiety, while the tendency to hide our imperfections and female gender are only relevant when it comes to worry about appearance.

Analysis of the dynamic relationship between social physique anxiety and depressive symptoms in young adults

This study explored the dynamic relationship between social physique anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of young adults over a six-month period. Using a two-wave longitudinal design, data were collected from a sample of 398 undergraduate students (47.70% females, 97.50% white) aged between 18 and 30 years old (M = 20.47, SD = 2.42). Results from the latent change score model showed that initial levels of social physique anxiety significantly predicted changes in depressive symptoms (β = 0.35, p = .002). Conversely, initial levels of depressive symptoms did not significantly predict changes in social physique anxiety (β = 0.01, p = .90). None of these relationships were moderated by sex. The findings suggest that a focus on addressing distressed affective reactions derived from anticipating negative social appraisals may help to ameliorate depressive symptoms among young adults.

The Development of the Internalization of Sociocultural Body Ideals Scale Using Items From the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire: Validity, Reliability, and Measurement Invariance Testing

Eating disorders and body image disturbance are known to result in unhealthy consequences. When attempting to understand the etiology and management of these disorders, sociocultural models of body image disturbance and disordered eating have been predominant. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate the Internalization of Sociocultural Body Ideals Scale (ISBIS), a psychometric instrument that utilizes items from various versions of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ). The ISBIS was developed to overcome some of the limitations found in existing instruments (including the SATAQ) that assess the internalization of sociocultural body ideals. The sample comprised 1130 students aged between 10 and 14 years. The psychometric properties of the ISBIS were examined using different analyses. The results supported the eight-item structure: four items for thin body ideal internalization and four items for thin body muscular/athletic internalization. The structure showed invariance to gender and achieved acceptable internal consistency and temporal stability indexes. Controlling for gender and body mass index, the results also showed that the internalization of the thin body ideal positively predicted social-physique anxiety in a statistically significant way. The results provide empirical evidence that the ISBIS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing sociocultural body ideals in Spanish preadolescents.

Influence of a 16-Week Weight Loss Program and Social Physique Anxiety on Program Success and Subjective Well-Being in Obese, Sedentary Women

This study examined the influence of a behavioural weight loss programme (BWLP) and social physique anxiety (SPA) on weight-loss success and subjective well-being in obese, sedentary women (N = 32 completers). Anthropometric assessments, graded exercise tests (GXTs), and psychological inventories were administered at the beginning and end of a 16-week BWLP. Women who completed the programme significantly decreased body weight, percent body fat, and body mass index (BMI). Participants who scored high in SPA enjoyed exercise less at the beginning, but they increased in exercise enjoyment at the end of the programme. In addition, exercise self-efficacy was lower in women high in SPA, and self-efficacy increased in all participants from beginning to the end of the programme. Both SPA groups decreased in SPA from the beginning to end of the study. Participants also reported short-term mood benefits immediately after GXTs at the beginning and end of the BWLP. These results have implications for designing exercise programmes that enhance subjective well-being in obese participants who are high or low in SPA.

SOCIAL PHYSIQUE ANXIETY, DISTURBED EATING ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS, AND PERCEIVED PRESSURE FOR THIN BODY IN COMPETITIVE RHYTHMIC AND AEROBIC GYMNASTS

This study investigated social physique anxiety (SPA), disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors (DEAB), and perceived pressure for thin body by the “significant others” (coach, parents, peers, experts) in 41 female rhythmic gymnastics (RG) and 49 aerobic gymnastics (AG) athletes at competitive level. Moreover, the potential impact of gymnasts' BMI was examined and controlled. Results showed that BMI associated with gymnasts’ SPA, DEAB and perceived pressure, so its effect was controlled. There were no significant differences between RG and AG regarding SPA and DEAB, whereas AG athletes had higher parental pressure for thin body than RG athletes. When RG and AG data were merged, a high percentage (40%) of gymnasts presenting DEAB was revealed. Gymnasts with DEAB had significantly higher SPA and perceived pressure for thin body than those with normal eating attitudes and behaviors. These results underline the need for interventions involving “significant others” and aiming at DEAB prevention in female gymnasts.

남자대학생의 사회부과적 완벽주의와 사회적 체형불안의 관계에서 강점인식과 자기자비의 매개효과

본 연구는 남자대학생의 사회부과적 완벽주의가 사회적 체형불안의 관계에서 강점인식과 자기자비의 매개효과를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 서울 및 경기도에 거주하는 4년제 남자대학생 287명을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구의 주요결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회부과적 완벽주의와 사회적 체형불안과의 관계에서 자기자비가 완전매개효과를 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회부과적 완벽주의와 사회적 체형불안의 관계에서 강점인식의 매개효과는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 셋째, 사회부과적 완벽주의와 사회적 체형불안과의 관계를 강점인식이 자기자비를 통해 이중으로 매개하는 것이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 남자대학생의 사회적 체형불안을 돕기 위한 관련 프로그램 개발의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 본 연구의 제한점 및 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 기술하였다.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Sosyal Fizik Kaygısı ve Depresyonun Yeme Bozukluğu Riski ile İlişkisi

Amaç: Üniversite öğrencileri yeme bozuklukları açısından risk altında olan gruplardan biridir. Bu çalışma üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal fizik kaygı ve depresyonun yeme bozuklukları ile ilişkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır.
 Bireyler ve Yöntem: Yaş ortalaması 20.6±1.7 yıl olan 318 öğrenci üzerinde yapılan bu çalışmada yeme davranış bozukluğu riskini saptamak için Yeme Tutum Testi (EAT-26) ve REZZY (SCOFF) Yeme Bozuklukları Ölçeği, depresyon varlığını saptamak için Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), bireylerin fiziksel görünüşlerinin başkaları tarafından değerlendirildiğinde hissettikleri rahatsızlık düzeyini ölçmede ise Sosyal Fizik Kaygı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.
 Bulgular: EAT-26 ve REZZY ölçeklerine göre öğrencilerin sırasıyla %20.1’inin ve %28.6’sının yeme bozukluğu riski altında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yeme davranış bozukluğu riski sosyal fizik kaygı (r=0.345, p=0.000) ve depresyon düzeyi (r=0.247, p=0.000) ile anlamlı olarak ilişkilidir. Yeme davranış bozukluğu riski ve beden kütle indeksi arasında anlamlı, pozitif bir ilişki saptanmıştır (r=0.248, p=0.000). Ayrıca hafif şişman ve obez kız öğrencilerde sosyal fizik kaygı düzeyinin daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.05).
 Sonuç: Üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal fizik kaygı ve depresyonun, öğrencilerin yeme bozukluğu riskiyle karşı karşıya kalmalarına neden olabileceği görülmüştür. Bu durum dikkate alınarak yeme bozuklukları ve neden olan faktörlere yönelik daha büyük örneklemde çalışmalar yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Riskli gruplarda (cinsiyet olarak kız, hafif şişman-obez, depresyon varlığı vb.) kısa ölçeklerin (REZZY vb.) uygulanması ve vücut ağırlığının izlemi ile düzensiz yeme şekilleri değerlendirilerek, olası bir depresyon ve beraberinde gelişebilecek olası bir yeme bozukluğunun önüne geçilebilir.

Psychometric Properties of the Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ) and of the Body Checking Cognitions Scale (BCCS): A Bifactor-Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Approach.

This research sought to assess the psychometric properties of the French versions of the Body Checking Questionnaire and the Body Checking Cognitions Scale among community samples. A total sample of 922 adolescents and adults was involved in a series of two studies. The results from the first study supported factor validity and reliability of responses obtained on these two measures, and showed that both measures were best represented by a bifactor-exploratory structural equation modeling representation of the data. The results from the second study replicated these conclusions, while also supporting the measurement invariance of the bifactor-exploratory structural equation modeling solution and the equivalence of the correlations among the two measures (i.e., convergent validity) across samples. This second study also supported the criterion-related validity of ratings on both measures with measures of global self-esteem, physical appearance, social physique anxiety, fear of negative appearance evaluation, and disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors. Finally, the results of this last study also supported the measurement invariance and lack of differential item functioning of both measures in relation to sex, age, diagnosis of eating disorders, and body mass index.

The effects of pornography on sexual minority men’s body image: an experimental study

ABSTRACTPornography’s effects on sexual minority men have not been extensively researched. Studies specifically examining its effects on body image in both heterosexual and sexual minority men have reported conflicting findings and have only used correlational and qualitative methods. This is this first known experimental study to investigate the impact of pornography on sexual minority men’s body image. Eighty-seven sexual minority men were recruited for an online study. Participants were randomly assigned to watch either a pornographic video or nature video, and then completed three questionnaires assessing male genital self-image, drive for muscularity, and social physique anxiety. Results indicated that participants exposed to pornography did not report greater social physique anxiety, greater drive for muscularity, or reduced genital body image compared to participants exposed to the nature video. Self-reported history of pornography use was not associated with scores on the body image measures utilized. These results contradict previous findings indicating a positive correlation between pornography use and body dissatisfaction in sexual minority men, and further research is needed to explore these discrepancies.

Analysing the Effects of an 8-Week Exercise Program Applied to Sedentary Individuals on Body Composition, Self-Confidence and Social-Physical Anxiety Levels

It is believed that while sports turns individuals into physiologically healthier individuals, it also has psychologically positive effects on individuals. This study is conducted to analyse the effects of an 8-week exercise program applied to sedentary individuals on self-confidence and their social-physical anxiety level by analysing the impacts on body composition. The experiment group of this study is limited to a total of 40 individuals, 20 female and 20 male, who are members of a private fitness club and who did not do sports regularly. After all the details of the study are explained to the experiment group and consent is taken, a self-confidence scale and social physical anxiety scale are applied before and after an 8-week training program. The exercise program was applied for 8 weeks and 3 days per week at the same hour.The8-week exercise program applied to the 40 fitness club members resulted in positive increases in kilogram, fat percentage and fat mass values of the participants. It is found that positively developed physical changes decreased the social-physical anxiety level of participants and increased self-confidence levels. Additionally, a negative and medium level relationship is determined between the social-physical anxiety level and the self-confidence level (p<0.05).The physical activities during 8 weeks resulted in positive changes in participants’ appearances. Additionally, it is found that regular physical activity decreases the social physical anxiety levels of individuals and increases self-confidence with changes in physical appearance.

Presence Of The Pediatric Inactivity Triad (PIT) In 4ThAnd 5ThGraders.

The Pediatric Inactivity Triad (PIT) has recently been proposed as new way to examine the relationships between physical inactivity and impaired health in youth. Physical inactivity, dynapenia, and physical illiteracy are believed to be the primary determinants of PIT. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation is to determine if important relationships exist between the proposed determinants of PIT with anthropometric and psychometric measures. METHODS: Thirty children (10 females, 20 males) completed a series of tests and questionnaires to assess physical activity (Evaluation of Physical Activities in Youth: EASY), muscular strength and power (hand grip, vertical leap), physical literacy (Physical Literacy Assessment for Youth: PLAY Basic), body image (Social Physique Anxiety Scale for Children: SPAS) and anthropometrics (BMI, waist circumference). RESULTS: One third of participants (10 out of 30) were identified as not being competent by the PLAY Basic. 40% of participants did not achieve the federal guideline for physical activity in youth. 37% of participants were in the lowest 25th percentile for hand grip and vertical leap. 5 (17%) participants displayed physical inactivity, dynapenia, and physical illiteracy. SPAS was correlated with BMI (r=0.38, p=0.04) and PLAY Basic (r=-0.42, p=0.02). PLAY Basic was also correlated with EASY (r=0.44, p=0.01) and vertical leap (r=0.39, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this investigation suggest that it may possible to identify individuals impacted by PIT. Several of these determinants are interrelated, so it may be possible to positively impact PIT by designing interventions to address specific outcomes.

Psychometric Properties of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS) in Spanish Preadolescents

Objectification theory postulates that the body is constructed as a sexual object and is subject to observation and evaluation in such a way that a person may feel that their body is an object. The purpose of the present study was to adapt and validate the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS) to use with Spanish preadolescents. A total sample of 816 students, aged between 10 and 14 years-old, participated in the study. The sample was randomly split into two halves, and the psychometric properties of the OBCS were examined through a series of exploratory and then confirmatory factor analyses. The results supported a 12-item three-factor correlated model (body surveillance, body shame, and appearance control beliefs). The model structure was invariant across participants’ gender. Suitable values for internal consistency and temporal stability were obtained. Body surveillance and body shame negatively predicted self-esteem and positively predicted social physique anxiety, whereas appearance control beliefs positively predicted self-esteem and negatively predicted social physique anxiety. The present study provides evidence of the validity and reliability of an abbreviated version of the OBCS in Spanish preadolescents. This abbreviated version of the OBCS may allow researchers and practitioners to explore some body critical experiences and beliefs about appearance control among Spanish female and male preadolescents.

여가스포츠 참가 수준에 따른 대학생의 객체화된 신체의식, 사회적 체형불안 및 우울의 관계

여가스포츠 참가 수준에 따른 대학생의 객체화된 신체의식, 사회적 체형불안 및 우울의 관계

The Effect of Recreational Activities on Social Physique Anxiety in Sedentary Individuals

Exercise plays an important role in variables that involve concern about individuals' physical appearance. Therefore, the effect of sedentary women between the ages of 25-35 on the effects of the exercises they participated for recreational purposes on the levels of social physics anxiety was the aim of the study. 65 sedentary women participated in the study voluntarily. Pilates group (PG, n=20), Fitness group (FG, n=23) and control group (CG, n=25) were divided into three groups. PG and FG perform the exercise 3 days a week for 3 months. The control group did not perform any exercise. Statistics were performed by using SPSS package program. Conformity of data to a normal distribution was evaluated by Shapiro-Wilk test. Normally distributed data were expressed as mean and as standard deviation. Paired-t-test was used for the pre-test and used the post-test comparison of the data, while Repeated Measures ANOVA was used for intergroup comparisons, and Unpaired t-test was used to determine to originate on which group was the difference. Accordingly, after 3 months of an exercise, there was a significant difference between body weight, body mass index and pre-end values of social physique anxiety (SPA) in PG and FG (p <0.05). Pair-wise comparisons, this resultant difference was between exercise groups and the control group (p <0.05). As a result, it is possible to mention the positive effects of recreational exercises in social physics anxiety.

The Effect of Physical Activity on Social Physique Anxiety and Academic Achievement in the 8th Grade Secondary School Students

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the level of physical activity, social physique anxiety, and academic achievement. This study evaluated 524 students in total from four schools in Istanbul province, 272 of whom were female and 252 were male students. In order to determine the level of physical activity of students, Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), developed by Kowalski et al., was used. Validity and reliability of the scale for Turkish population was tested by Sert and Temel. As for establishing the levels of social physique anxiety of students, the scale of Social Physique Anxiety, developed by Hart et al. and adapted to the Turkish society by Dogan was used. For the statistical analyses, averages of the level of physical activity, social physique anxiety, and school academic score were taken. By using Pearson correlation coefficient, the relationship between the averages was checked and the level of significance was set at p 0.05).

Body Image Concerns and Body Weight Overestimation Do Not Promote Healthy Behaviour: Evidence from Adolescents in Lithuania.

The present study aimed to explore the associations between body image concerns, body weight evaluation, disordered eating, nutrition habits, self-esteem, and physical activity (PA) in a mixed sample of adolescents of both genders. Methods. A total sample of 579 adolescents (299, 51.6% were girls) participated in this study. The participants ranged in age from 14–16 years old (M = 15.0, SD = 0.4). Respondents provided their answers filling in the questionnaires consisting of a battery of self-report questionnaires. An analysis of covariance was employed to test the hypothesis about the differences in body image concerns in the groups of BMI and body weight estimation controlling for gender. Results. Adolescents with a higher body mass index (BMI) and those overestimating body weight reported a higher body dissatisfaction (BD), a drive for thinness (DT), social physique anxiety (SPA), disordered eating, and lower self-esteem, but there were no differences in PA. Body weight overestimation was more prevalent in girls, yet body weight underestimation was more prevalent in boys. In girls, a higher BMI and body weight overestimation were associated with having less sweets, a lower frequency of having breakfast and for just a lower BMI alone—with consuming less fats, spreads, and oils. In boys, the BMI was associated with consuming less fruits and berries. The boys’ body weight overestimation was related to a lower reported number of meals, a lower frequency of breakfast, and a lower consumption of milk, cheese, yogurt, fats, spreads, and oils. Body dissatisfaction in boys and girls was negatively related to the number of meals, DT is related to a lower breakfast consumption (in girls), SPA was related to a lower nutrition score (in boys), the number of meals (boys and girls), and a lower use of meat and vegetables (boys). Conclusions. Adolescents with a higher BMI and body weight overestimation demonstrated higher body image concerns, lower self-esteem and a poorer eating-related behavioural profile. Body image concerns and body weight overestimation did not promote healthy behaviour in adolescents. It is critical to promote a positive body image, adequate body weight evaluation, self-esteem, and a healthy lifestyle in health promotion and health education programs for adolescents of both genders and different BMIs.

Psychometric properties of the body and appearance self-conscious emotions scale in Brazilian adolescents.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale in Brazilian adolescents. A sample of 827 adolescents (55% boys) filled out a questionnaire comprising the Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale and instruments assessing social physique anxiety, positive/negative affect, and self-esteem. After removing one item originally proposed for the guilt factor (Item 7), the results supported a 4-factor structure that was invariant across gender and weight status. Evidence supporting the internal consistency, temporal stability, and convergent validity of the Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale cores were also obtained. These results support the Body and Appearance Self-Conscious Emotions Scale as a psychometrically robust instrument to assess body and appearance self-conscious emotions in Brazilian adolescents.

Social Physique Anxiety, Self-esteem and Depression among College going Students: A Gender Comparison

The purpose of the current study was to examine the gender difference in social physique anxiety, self- esteem, and depression among college going undergraduate students (Male=50, Female=50) ranging from 18 to 21 years. The present study was a cross-section study. The research design in the present study was explorative in nature. Participants were randomly selected for the study. Social physique anxiety, Beck’s depression inventory (BDI-II), and Rosenberg self-esteem scales were administered. A significant gender difference was not found in social physique anxiety. However, mean score suggested that female students (Mean 32.10, SD=6.43) perceived slightly more social physique anxiety than the male student (Mean =31.27, SD=5.514). In self-esteem, the significant gender difference was not found in self- esteem between both groups. An independent samples test indicated that the scores on self-esteem were significantly higher in male (M=18.82, SD= 5.02) than female respondents (M=17.72, SD=4.62), t= 1.139, p= 0.258. A significant gender difference in depression was found between both the groups. Female respondents (M=19.06, SD=10.56) have slightly higher score in depression than male respondents (M=17.72, SD= 4.62), with a t value of -2.604 and p= 0.011. Social physique anxiety has a negative correlation with self-esteem (r=-.077) and positive correlation with Depression (r= .035). Similarly, self –esteem was negatively correlated with social physique anxiety (r=-.077) and has a significant positive correlation with depression (r=-.377). Depression is also found positively correlated with social physique anxiety (r=0.35) and has a negative significant correlation with self-esteem (r=.377). There is a need for providing psychological care among college going students to deal with social physique anxiety and other mental health issues.