Social Personality Types Research Articles

«Человек избегающий» как социальный тип личности в российском обществе травмы

«Человек избегающий» как социальный тип личности в российском обществе травмы

ОТКЛИК АВТОРА КНИГИ «ПОСТИЖЕНИЕ РОССИИ. ВЗГЛЯД СОЦИОЛОГА» П.И. СМИРНОВА НА ЕЕ РЕЦЕНЗИЮ (РЕЦЕНЗЕНТ Р.Л. ЛИВШИЦ)

The article analyzes the review of the book by P.I. Smirnov "Comprehension of Russia. The sociologist’s view." (reviewed by R.L. Livshits). Certain parts of the review are either accepted or refuted. The author of the book explains his position on the cognition problems of global and Russian societies. The principle of methodology convergence of the natural and social sciences is defended. The article criticizes the Marxist statements about the number and structure of socio-economic formations – the law of the corre-spondence between production relations and the character and level of development of the productive forces, etc. The usefulness of the concept of "ideal type" for describing the evolution of society is proved, it is proposed to consider the influence of social per-sonality types on processes and events in Russia and the USSR, etc.

Exploring paramedicine student preferences using Holland's vocational theory: A cross-sectional study.

Holland's RIASEC typology is a classification of vocational personality types and work environments. Having a predisposition for their vocation, in terms of a personality that is congruent to their work environment, may be protective for paramedics with regards to both their mental and physical health. The purpose of this study was to identify paramedicine students' vocational preference according to Holland's RIASEC model. Bachelor of Paramedicine degree students in the three different year levels completed the 48-item Brief RIASEC Marker Scales to determine their order of the six RIASEC personality types. In this study, the paramedicine students' three most dominant personality types were Social-Investigative-Artistic, differing from the defined Holland Occupational Code for paramedics of Realistic-Social-Investigative. Male students scored significantly higher on the Reality personality type, whereas female students scored significantly higher on the Social personality type. Overall, this study found many students to possess two of the three dominant personality traits that form the desired Holland code for paramedics. This suggests that many students may be better able to cope with the demands of the paramedicine profession upon employment.

The relationship between personality characteristics and adherence to professional values among nursing students

Background: Professional values are the core of developing professional identity and among the determining factors behind nurses' professional practice. Adherence to professional values seems to be affected by personality characteristics. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the relationship between personality characteristics and adherence to professional values among nursing students. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 200 nursing students recruited from Urmia Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia, Iran. Study data were collected using the Holland's Personality Questionnaire and the Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised and were analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and the Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: Participants' closest adherence to professional values was related to the dimensions of trust (particularly the item “Maintain competency in area of practice”) and caring (particularly the item “Maintain confidentiality of patient”). Their poorest adherence was to the dimensions of professionalism (particularly the item “Participate in peer review”) and activism (particularly the item “Participate in nursing research and/or implement research findings appropriate to practice”). The social personality type had significant relationships with all dimensions of adherence to professional values, while the investigative personality type had significant relationships only with the caring (P = 0.021) and the justice (P = 0.013) dimensions. Moreover, the artistic personality type had significant relationships with the trust (P

Presence of conspecifics reduces between-individual variation and increases avoidance of multiple stressors in bluegill

Individual animals differ in their responses to external stressors, and sociability has been shown to impact whether or not an individual will avoid a stressor. However, the effect of collective group behaviour on individual avoidance in response to a stressor has not been elucidated. In this study, we sought to determine whether stressor avoidance behaviour in individuals is affected by the behaviour of a familiar shoal, and if social personality is a driver of avoidance behaviour. Bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus, were exposed to either carbon dioxide or rising temperatures in a shuttle box choice tank. All bluegill were exposed to a stressor in isolation, then their social personalities were quantified using a social network assay. Bluegill were then exposed to the same stressor in the presence of a familiar shoal, with the entire shoal being able to respond to the stressor. We found that being in a shoal significantly decreased individual avoidance thresholds to both carbon dioxide and temperature, but neither avoidance behaviour in isolation nor individual social personality type was predictive of this response. The presence of the shoal was the primary driver of the difference in avoidance behaviour when bluegill were in isolation versus when they were in groups. Potential mechanisms, both behavioural and physiological, for the relationship between group behaviour and stressor avoidance are discussed. Our results provide evidence that group movements impact individual avoidance of stressors, which may have implications for the behaviour of animals in response to decreasing habitat quality.

Manager’s Personality and Their Professional Career

Abstract Introduction: The research study deals with the personality of managers in regard to their professional career. The main objective of the study was to find the relationship between the personality dimensions according to the Big Five personality traits model and Holland’s typology of the six personality types and work environment types. Methods: The research sample consisted of 121 managers from different levels of the subordinate system in state organizations and private companies in Slovakia. The personality dimensions Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were in this research measured by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. We have also used the SDS questionnaire - Self-Directed Search to determine the personality types and work environment types - RIASEC codes. The statistical evaluation was performed using the SPSS 20 statistical system, with the data evaluated by methods of descriptive and correlation analysis. Results: There were the highest values recorded in Conscientiousness throughout the research sample. The lowest values were recorded in Neuroticism. We found out that the Summary Code of managers is ESI (Enterprising, Social, Investigative), of male managers is EIR (Enterprising, Investigative, Realistic), of female managers is SEC (Social, Enterprising, Conventional). When comparing the individual RIASEC personality types, we found significant differences between males and females. Males are more realistic than females, more investigative and enterprising than females. Females are more social and conventional compared to males. There was no gender difference in artistic orientation. The RIASEC personality types in the entire sample match the RIASEC work environment types according to SDS, regardless of age. The results demonstrated relationships between the NEO - FFI personality dimensions and personality types and RIASEC work environment types codes according to SDS. Discussion: We can say that managers in our research sample are primarily Enterprising types with leading life orientation. Typical representatives of this personality type are characterized especially by traits such as dominance, ambition, focus on success, self-confidence, sociability, and responsibility. In the context of a manager’s success and their effectiveness, or ineffectiveness in work environment, the most predictive Big Five factor for an effective manager is Neuroticism, all effective managers scored low in Neuroticism. Results obtained by the SDS questionnaire - Self-Directed Search confirm our findings of prevalent personality dimensions in the overall personality profile of managers. The overall RIASEC personality code of managers according to SDS is ESI in the whole research sample, thus we can conclude that in the case of the overall personality type - RIASEC code of manager the dominant personality type is Enterprising/leading, followed by the Social personality type and the third is the Investigative personality type. Limitations: One of the methodological limitations of this research is the number of participants in the research sample. We do not consider this number as representative for the purpose of generalizing the results. Conclusions: Research results show that there is a relationship between professional orientation and personality. Some personality dimensions are significantly related to professional orientation types and to professional interests, whereas others are related only non-significantly or not at all. Significant relations were found between the dimension Openness and Artistic, Leading, and Social type, between the dimension Extraversion and Enterprising and Investigative type, and between the dimension Agreeableness and the Social type. Realistic type was not related to any personality dimension. The dimension Neuroticism was negatively related to all professional types. For the career counseling practice and selection of job seekers and manager position applicants, this may mean that despite confirmation of these convergences, there may be different relations between different Holland’s professional types and personality dimensions. These findings can be the focus of further research on students in their final year of secondary school when they are deciding on their future professional career. This research study, we believe, has contributed to the understanding of the relationship between personality and professional career. The results confirm that professional orientation and personality interact and influence the professional behavior of a person.

Relationship between Personality and Career Choice of Students in Secondary School in Enugu State.

This paper examined the relationship between personality and career choice of secondary school students in Enugu state. The study was a correlational research, designed to ascertain the relationship between personality and career choice of secondary school student in Enugu state, three research questions guided the study. The population consisted senior secondary school students in Enugu State. Multi sampling techniques was used to draw 400 students. A structured questionnaire developed by the researchers was used for data collection. This instrument was face validated by three experts two from guidance and counseling and one from measurement and evaluation all in university of Nigeria, Nsukka. Mean, standard deviation and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient were used in data analysis. Result revealed that there is a significant relationship between personality and career choice of secondary school student and also student shows greater inclination to social personality types than others. The implications of these finding were highlighted. Among recommendations made was that guidance counselors should help students in making right career choices that would match their personalities.

An educated, successful businessman or a market dealer speaking with an accent? Research on subconscious attitudes of students in Russian schools

The article focuses on the speaker evaluation experiment conducted in the spring of 2016 in Vilnius schools with Russian as the language of instruction. The aim of the experiment was to reveal the students’ subconscious attitudes (evaluations) and determine whether the four speaking styles of Vilnius, which had been distinguished conventionally for the purposes of the research, were recognized by the respondents and what social meanings the styles were associated with. The same experiment was conducted in 2014 in Vilnius schools with Lithuanian as the language of instruction. The study proved the hypothesis that there was a clear hierarchy of the speech styles differentiated by the variants of /i/, /u/, /i + R/, /u + R/ of different duration used in a stressed position. The styles are socially significant to ethnic Lithuanian school students and function as markers of social personality types associated with different personality traits, professions and ethnicity. This year’s experiment is based on the assumption that the social stigma created by standardization ideology and associated with Slavic speakers has affected the subconscious attitudes of students from Russian schools so much that Vilnius speech styles will evoke to them similar associations to those of the students of Lithuanian origin; in other words, phonetic variants which distinguish the styles are likely to identify the same social types of speakers.The research has proved the initial hypothesis. The style Kam+GalSL used by Vilnius city dwellers of Slavic origin tends to be perceived as revealing a Slavic background but does not serve as a marker of high social status and high professional competence. Therefore, even though the participants of the experiment attend Russian schools, their linguistic attitudes are not lingo-centric, namely, they are involved in the same field of social meanings as the Lithuanian school students (such social meanings as non-Lithuanian, less educated, having a poorer job are chosen when reflecting on the Slavic pronunciation). Therefore, the respondents may apply the same ideological scheme on the subconscious level while evaluating the speech of a group to which they belong according to the distinguished features of stimuli. Additional social meanings of this style include otherness (weird), poor communicational skills (poor speaker), low social status and working-class professions indicating meanings (laborer, janitor, market dealer).It seems that the variability of duration in stressed /i/, /u/, /i + R/, /u + R/, which is typical of Lithuanian city dwellers in Vilnius, acquires a different value among Russians speakers in Vilnius. The Kam speaking style, originating from a dialect and distinguished by phonetic variants, is associated with a lower social value in comparison with the styles Kam+GalLT and Neu, which include strongly stigmatized phonetic variants, associated with the speech of Vilnius city dwellers. Both styles Kam+GalLT and Neu are associated with a social type of a speaker of high social status, substantial income, leading positions and high professional competence; however, their sub-types of association are different. Representatives of the Kam speaking style are characterized as provincial, of lower status, working-class professions and representatives of the services area.

Examination of Relation Between Personality Types and Demographic Properties of Academic Staff

Universities are top institutions among education organizations. The personality types of academicians employed in these organizations are very important in terms of their own development and the development of the students they educate. The aim of this study is to examine the relation between personality types of academic staff and gender, mother education level and father education level variables. The research model is relational scanning. While determining the research group, teleological sampling method was selected among non-random sampling methods. The research was conducted through data obtained from 67 academic staff employed in different universities of Turkey during 2011- 2012 academic year. As data collection tool, “Holland vocational preference inventory” and “personal information form” were used. Chi square (x 2 ) test was performed in order to determine whether personality types of academic staff vary according to gender, mother education level and father education level.It was observed that the personality types of academic staff do not demonstrate significant difference according to gender. (x 2 = 1.01 and p>0.05) It was found that personality types of academic staff have a significant relation with mother education level (x 2 = 9.29 and p<0.05) and father education level. (x 2 = 9.79 and p<0.05) In line with the research findings, it was noted that academic staff has a social personality type containing helpfulness, social cooperation, sincerity, patience and similar properties. The relation of academic staff personality types with mother and father education levels emphasize the importance of parent education in determination of preferences and interests. Related with determination of academic staff personality types, their relation with variables such as attitude towards profession, academic success and so on can also be checked. Keywords: Holland vocational preference inventory, academic staff, demographic properties

Network position: a key component in the characterization of social personality types

In recent years, animal social interactions have received much attention in terms of personality research (e.g. aggressive or cooperative interactions). However, other components of social behaviour such as those describing the intensity, frequency, directedness and individual repeatability of interactions in animal groups have largely been neglected. Network analysis offers a valuable opportunity to characterize individual consistency of traits in labile social groups and therein provide novel insights to personality research in ways previously not possible using traditional techniques. Should individual network positions be consistently different between individuals under changing conditions, they might reflect expressions of an individual's personality. Here, we discuss a conceptual framework for using network analyses to infer the presence of individual differences and present a statistical test based on randomization techniques for testing the consistency of network positions in individuals. The statistical tools presented are useful because if particular individuals consistently occupy key positions in social networks, then this is also likely to have consequences for their fitness as well as for that of others in the population. These consequences may be particularly significant since individual network position has been shown to be important for the transmission of diseases, socially learnt information and genetic material between individuals and populations.

Individual sociability and choosiness between shoal types

In social species, individual and group fitness and social dynamics in groups often depend on group size and on the group's social composition (e.g. the mix of personality types within groups). In turn, the size and social composition of groups is an emergent outcome of the grouping tendencies of individuals. While grouping behaviour has often been studied at a species level, within-species variation in grouping tendency has rarely been studied. We examined the role of personality type in shoaling preferences in a social fish, the western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis. After scoring individuals for their social personality types (sociability), we gave individuals the choice to associate with shoals that differed in size and in the average sociability of individuals in the shoal. Shoal preferences depended on both the individual's sociability and on shoal size and composition in sociability types, and on the interaction between the individual's sociability and shoal size and composition. On average, fish preferred large to small shoals and groups made up of social individuals to groups made of asocial individuals at least when shoal size was small. Individual sociability types were linked to the time individuals spent far from any shoal and to consistent differences in choosiness about social contexts. Asocial individuals shoaled less and swam more between shoals than social ones, but preferred large shoals during the short time that they shoaled. These results can help explain patterns of group size and composition and individual and population-level personality-dependent dispersal.

The Social Personality Type

Perestroika makes its demands on the formation of social character, the social personality type. But perhaps we do not yet fully realize how difficult this process is and how it is mediated. A social personality type is a product of a complex intertwining of historicocultural and socioeconomic conditions of people's life activity. Proceeding from this conception the classics of Marxism stressed the importance of a deep knowledge of a social personality typology evolving in society and especially at revolutionary moments in its development.

The Social Personality Type

Perestroika makes its demands on the formation of social character, the social personality type. But perhaps we do not yet fully realize how difficult this process is and how it is mediated.

Holland high point social types: Is consistency related to persistence and achievement?

This study concerns Social personality types and assesses the relationship of Holland's secondary construct of consistency to persistence in college and academic achievement. The sample consisted of 211 Social subjects who completed the Self Directed Search (SDS) as college freshmen in 1970. Evidence of persistence/nonpersistence and cumulative grade point averages were determined from college records. Hypotheses concerned the relationship of consistency to (a) termination status (persistence/nonpersistence), and (b) cumulative grade point average, for both persisters and nonpersisters. Results indicate that the relationship between consistency and termination status was significant, with high- and medium-consistency subjects persisting in college at a higher rate than low-consistency subjects. The relationship between consistency and CGPA was also significant. Results indicate that for both persisters and nonpersisters in college, subjects with higher levels of consistency achieve higher CGPAs than do subjects with lower levels of consistency. Implications of these findings for academic retention and counseling, as well as for future research, are indicated.

Principles and Criteria of the Typology of Today's Soviet Students

Social typology that is based on a profound dialectical materialist understanding of the general, the specific, and the individual makes it possible to reveal significant personality traits that form in the concrete system of social relationships. This enables us to analyze basic social personality types in socialist society. V. I. Lenin wrote: ... The materialist sociologist, taking the actual social relations among people as the object of his inquiry, by that very fact also studies the real individuals from whose actions these relations are formed. (1)

The Problem of Perspective in Moral Reasoning

Egocentric beliefs and reasoning methods of young children can be dynamically conceived in terms of illusions of perspective. Starting from this general postulate, three specific factors of perspective in psychosocial space are here distinguished and scrutinized: empathic capacity, the ability to resist various prestige suggestions, and the ability to resist various sociocentric suggestions. The ability to anticipate or guess the likely interests and relative positions of observation of various dramatis personae in a social situation increases progressively from about eight years on-at about the time when the child's reasoning in general is about to become less absolutistic. Resistance to the prestige of majority opinion increases but slightly, as does resistance to the prestige of seniority. Absolute valuations, favorable and unfavorable, concerning members of various in-groups and out-groups show a differential decrease which is apparently in inverse proportion to the degree of intimacy in such group relations. The relatively static role of certain psychosocial factors which distort moral perspective suggests the essentially limited scope of the process of socialization. The correlative configuration of the three factors in individual cases may offer a clue to social personality types in young children, in terms of specific cultural conditions to which the influence of these factors may be functionally related.