Social Pathology Research Articles

Anorexia nerviosa en adolescentes y adultos

La anorexia nerviosa se considera una patología típica de clase social media y alta y se caracteriza por el miedo excesivo a aumentar de peso y/o una alteración en la imagen corporal, que motiva a la persona a implementar una severa restricción dietética u otros comportamientos de pérdida de peso como actividad física excesiva. Esta patología se clasifica en dos tipos: la restrictiva y la de tipo compulsivo purgativo.
 El tratamiento de esta enfermedad siempre requiere manejo por parte de un equipo multidisciplinario conformado principalmente por médicos, nutricionistas y psicólogos entrenados en el manejo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria.

Human rights and social welfare pathologies: civil society perspectives on contemporary practice across UK jurisdictions – critical analysis of third cycle UPR data

ABSTRACT This study uses discourse analysis of the critical views expressed in the corpus of United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review (UPR) submissions by civil society organisations (CSOs), in order to explore how the UK, Welsh, Scottish and Northern Ireland governments are responding to their international human rights treaty obligations in the formulation and delivery of social policy. Developed from Hogwood and Peters’ work on the pathology of public policy, the analytical framework investigates CSOs’ critical framings of the disorders, progress and challenges related to social policy-making in the UK. The findings show a raft of shortcomings including a poor monitoring and enforcement, gaps in social protection and discrimination. The original contribution this study is threefold: 1. revealing the nature of prevailing rights violations in the UK; 2. outlining the territorial narratives and contrasts between jurisdictions in the wake of devolution; and 3. showing how the systemic nature of rights violations can be conceptualised using Hogwood and Peters’ theory of public policy making pathologies.

The evolution of the main branding paradigms: from economic rationalism to social responsibility

The article highlights issues regarding the processes of interaction, on the one hand, changes in the dominant motives of consumer behavior, and, on the other, the evolution of the main branding paradigms over the twentieth century. It turned out that against this background, it is rather difficult to distinguish linear, causal relationships. In other words, it is problematic to answer the question: whether changes in consumer practices have led to a transformation of the main branding paradigms or business initiatives against the background of social entrepreneurship have led to shifts in consumer behavior in a significant part of modern consumers? Probably, it should be recognized that the transformation of the main motives of consumer practices over the twentieth century, according to the pyramid of A. Maslow, was an important factor that accelerated the evolution of the main branding paradigms, and, in turn, received additional impulses from the latter for its own changes. It is noted that A. Maslow quite accurately foresaw the characteristic changes in the motivational nature of consumer practices from rational to socially significant, that is, of a higher hierarchical order. Based on this, and perhaps in parallel with the indicated processes, the evolution of the classic branding paradigm from «rational», continuing «emotional» and, at the present stage, «socially responsible business», took place. It is emphasized that in global world, against the backdrop of a lack of a resource of trust in traditional social institutions, successful commercial enterprises with developed traditions of socially responsible business are able to integrate society and increase the availability of a demanded integrative resource.The attention is focused on the mutually beneficial relationship between marketing and sociological science. We are talking about the mutual enrichment of the subject areas of the presented disciplines in the context of the application of both quantitative and qualitative methods of cognition. The heuristic nature of the ideas of the classics of humanistic psychology, social cognition, sociology, in particular A. Maslow, M. McLuhan, E. Goffman, for a deeper understanding of the theoretical and methodological features that were at the basis the evolution of the classical marketing paradigms (branding) over the twentieth century, is emphasized. The conclusion is drawn about the relevance of the paradigm of socially responsible branding with the aim of further consolidating, solidifying any social system and expanding the possibilities within it for the effective solution of numerous social pathologies of the modern stage.

Young people’s mental health: Exploring the gap between expectation and experience

ABSTRACT Background The proportion of young people suffering from poor mental health is on the increase, including in Scandinavian countries. This increase seems paradoxical, as Scandinavian countries are among those with the lowest degree of material deprivation, economic inequality, and social exclusion. Purpose The aim of the study was firstly to investigate, on an individual level, young people’s own sense-making of poor mental health: their experiences of vulnerability and their explanations of the factors leading to vulnerability and mental health problems. Secondly, the purpose was to further analyse the young people’s experiences by combining them with ideal-typical conceptualisations of social pathologies and an overview of recent structural developments in the educational and social system. Methodology The study was based on explorative, in-depth, focus group interviews conducted in two large Danish cities with 17 young people aged 18–28 years. The interviewees had previously struggled with mental health problems and, on these grounds, had volunteered as ‘youth experts’ to help other young people. As part of the explorative approach, the interviewees themselves thematically clustered the different factors that they considered had led to vulnerability and substantiated the connection within each cluster. Data analysis followed these initial-coded clusters. Findings The analysis of the three broad themes that emerged – Expectations and performance pressure, Self-perception and self-doubt, and Taboo feelings – identified a substantial gap between expectation and lived experience. The expectations were of an abundance of life and educational options, and a dominating discourse that young people in Scandinavia can become whatever they wish. These expectations were in stark contrast with the lived experiences of feeling pressure to perform and an awareness of the limitation of the opportunities for those who fail to perform, within a landscape of recent structural changes. It was the gap between the discourse of the abundance of options on the one hand and highly regulated actual opportunities on the other that seemed to be the common denominator in the young people’s stories about the distress they felt. The societal discourse of almost endless options appeared to cause the young people in this study to individualise the responsibility for success as well as failure. Conclusions The study suggests that the gap between individualised expectations and a lived reality that does not measure up to these expectations could be a central contributing factor in explaining young people’s experiences of poor mental health.

Is an Environmental Nephrotoxin the Primary Cause of CKDu (Mesoamerican Nephropathy)? CON.

Over the last three decades, tens of thousands of premature deaths due to CKD of nontraditional origin (CKDnt) (The Pan-American Health Organization recommends the use of CKDnt in the Americas (1) https://www.paho.org/hq/dmdocuments/2015/CE156-INF-8-e.pdf and I use this term in this document) have occurred in Mesoamerica’s Pacific coastal areas, the Northern Central Province of Sri Lanka, and Uddanam, India. Toxins and occupational heat stress are the two main hypotheses for primary causes (2,3). I present arguments in favor of a heat stress nephropathy in contrast to a toxic nephropathy. My case is presented on the basis of ( 1 ) the need for well designed epidemiologic studies, ( 2 ) the reasons why a primary toxic cause of CKDnt is unlikely, and ( 3 ) a summary of the evidence for occupational heat stress as the prime driver of CKDnt in Mesoamerica, recognizing that heat stress has not yet been explored in Sri Lanka or India (Table 1). View this table: Table 1. Arguments at a glance Finding a cause for an epidemic is a different research scenario from establishing associations between hazards and subtle disease occurrence. An epidemic implies many affected people and a strong driver, be it a biologic, chemical, or physical hazard. Any presumed risk factor must be highly prevalent in the most affected subpopulations and be specific to them. To unravel the cause of the CKDnt epidemics, well designed epidemiologic prevalence and analytical studies are essential, revealing the distribution of CKDnt in different populations and linking adequate exposure data of any potential hazard to the disease’s occurrence. Epidemiology should be consistent with social science, physiology, toxicology, and pathology studies, but without documented epidemiologic associations no reasonable causal assertions can be drawn. Although seemingly obvious, when it comes to providing proof of CKDnt cause such principles are often overlooked. Solid epidemiologic research has been mostly developed …

Enhancing corporate standing, shifting blame: An examination of Canada's Extractive Sector Transparency Measures Act

Canada's Extractive Sector Transparency Measures Act (ESTMA) is the culmination of a series of proposals and consultations with government, industry and civil society organizations to address conflict over Canadian extractive industry. Created in the context of a global call for extractive industry accountability, as well as increasing scrutiny of Canadian mining activities for alleged human rights and environmental abuses, the ESTMA aims to deter corruption via financial reporting requirements for Canadian extractive firms operating in Canada and abroad. By mandating that firms publicly disclose payments to various levels of government, however, the ESTMA is constructed atop global corruption discourse that identifies host states in the Global South as the source of social pathologies that facilitate corruption, largely excluding a critical analysis of extractive firms in the Global North. Drawing on interviews, document analysis of material related to the ESTMA and case studies of extractive firm financial reporting, this paper argues that under the ESTMA's financial reporting processes, corporate risk management trumps meaningful social regulation. While the Act does mandate disclosures useful to the advocacy community, limited oversight, a lack of standardized reporting and excluded activities under the Act mean that the ESTMA offers limited leverage to substantively address the human and ecological cost of Canada's extractive industry. As has resulted from transparency policies more broadly, however, the ESTMA provides firms a means to counter broader critique and, in complying with audit culture, promotes investment security.

Interpretasi Esoteris Jihad dalam Tafsīr Ibn 'Arabi (Ta'wīlāt al-Kasyani)

Reading the Qur'an which is limited to outward level is basically contrary to Islamic scientific traditions which give great attention to the inner aspects. As a result, the breadth of key concepts of Qur’anic teachings, including the teachings of jihad, became narrow and dry. That will trigger the issue of religious social pathology in the form of tolerance crisis, radicalism even terrorism. So an effort is needed to bring back Sufi interpretation of the verses of jihad that focuses on the inner dimension and not negate the outward dimension. The method used in this research is maudhu'i and descriptive-analytical interpretation. This study finds that jihad is an effort to encourage the soul to endure bodily difficulties and to oppose lust in everything that aims to pick up self-perfection. In Tafsīr Ibn 'Arabi, there are three meanings of jihad esoterically; First, jihad is an attempt to eliminate the reprehensible traits which brings up a concept of jihad: “the key to the success of jihād fī sabīlillah which is fanā bi kulliyāt or total self-annihilation”. Second, jihad is an effort towards maqām of human spiritual perfection which brings up a rule of jihad: “the higher or the more perfect a person is, the greater his jihad”. Third, jihad is an attempt to sacrifice wealth, body and soul. This sacrifice is a result of fulfillment of the above principles of jihad

Penyuluhan Hukum : Pencegahan Kenakalan Remaja Di Desa Ngujung Kecamatan Maospati Kabupaten Magetan

This service aims to provide an understanding of juvenile delinquency problems. By using legal counseling methods. Location of community service in Ngujung Village, Maospati Subdistrict, Magetan District. Based on the results of the discussion show that adolescence is a period where an individual experiences a transition from one stage to the next and experiences changes in both emotions, body, interests, behavioral patterns, and also full of problems. While Juvenile delinquency (juvenile delinquency) is malicious behavior, or crime / delinquency of young people is a social pathology in children and adolescents caused by a form of social neglect, so they develop deviant forms of behavior. For this reason, efforts to prevent juvenile delinquency can be done, among others: (1) Parents must pay more attention, supervision, and affection to children and parents must open two-way communication (listening and open) to children, (2) Giving limits on freedom, (3) Providing religious education to adolescents, (4) Teaching adolescents not to be easily influenced by negative relationships, (5) Providing positive activities to adolescents so that adolescents are busy and do not have time to do things negative things and (6) Providing knowledge about laws that regulate juvenile delinquency and sanctions. Keywords—: Extension of Law; Juvenile Delinquency.

A Systematic Review of Frailty Trajectories: Their Shape and Influencing Factors.

Frailty describes an increased vulnerability to adverse events such as disease or injury. Combating this state remains a major challenge for geriatric research. By exploring how and why frailty changes throughout later life we will be better positioned to improve ways of identifying and treating those at high risk. We systematically reviewed publications that captured rate of frailty progression over time and established any associated risk or protective factors that affected this progression. We included longitudinal observational studies which quantified frailty trajectories in adults aged 50+ using any validated continuous frailty measurement tool. After screening 8,318 publications, 25 met our criteria. Findings show that despite a great degree of heterogeneity in the literature, progression of frailty is unquestionably affected by numerous risk and protective factors, with particular influence exhibited by social demographics, brain pathology, and physical comorbidities. Findings that the gradient of frailty progression is affected by various influencing factors are valuable to clinicians and policymakers as they will help identify those at highest frailty risk and inform prevention strategies. However, the heterogeneous methodological approaches of the publications included in this review highlight the need for consensus within the field to promote more coordinated research. Improved consistency of methods will enable further data synthesis and facilitate a greater understanding of the shape of frailty over time and the influencing factors contributing to change, the results of which could have crucial implications for frailty risk reduction.

Prostitution as Social Pathology: A Legal and Criminological Perspective

These research aim to describe and analyze what are the factors behind a person's choosing to become Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs). In addition, this observation also aims to find out how people's perceptions or views about the existence of these CSWs around the community and their impact as well as what efforts have been made to eradicate this CSW in its shelter. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The object of research is the CSWs and the surrounding community. The sample used was purposive sampling, which is sampling based on specific objectives and considerations. Data collection techniques using interview techniques to informants conducted by non-participant observation which only observes and makes observations and documentation. Whereas to analyze the data used an interactive analysis model from Miles and Huberman namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of the study that the authors found in the field that the dominant factor that causes a person to work as a prostitute are economic factors. Economic factors in this case are difficult to meet their daily needs because there are no jobs that generate enough money to meet their daily needs. In addition to economic factors, there are also other factors such as the difficulty of finding work, low levels of education, income factors become more adequate sex workers to meet the needs and family factors.

Gambling (Judi Togel) in Criminology Perspective (Study in Diponegoro and Peterongan Stadium in Semarang City)

This research analyzes about lottery gambling as one of social deviations. Togel gambling is seen as one of the forms of social pathology, where social pathology itself is defined as any form of behavior that is deemed inappropriate, violates general norms, customs, formal law or cannot be integrated into general patterns of behavior. Gambling is one of several forms of community disease that in essence is contrary to the Religion, Ethics, and Moral Pancasila, fiber is harmful to the livelihoods and lives of the people, nation and state. Therefore the Government of Indonesia is making efforts to curb gambling, to limit it to the smallest possible environment. With various forms of gambling that are rife in people's daily lives, both overt and covert, some people tend to feel stupid and seem to view gambling as something natural, not breaking the law, so there is no need to question , even some of them argue that gambling is just a small violation. Whereas on the other hand, there is an impression from law enforcement officials who are not so serious in handling this gambling problem.

More Studies on Duration of Untreated Psychosis Needed

More Studies on Duration of Untreated Psychosis Needed

A study on prevalence of reproductive tract infections and health seeking behaviour among the women in an urban slum area of Karimnagar

Introduction: Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are recognized as public health problem and rank second after maternal morbidity and mortality because of loss of healthy life among women of reproductive age. National family Health Survey-4 (2015-2016) has reported that 23.5% of the women were suffering from reproductive tract infections. RTIs are considered not just a medical problem but also seen as a symptom of wider social pathology in the community. Objectives: To study the prevalence of reproductive tract infections and its socio-demographic determinants among the women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) in urban slums. To assess the health seeking behavior among the women suffering from reproductive tract infections. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the women of reproductive age group (15-49 yrs) residing in slums of urban field practice area of tertiary care teaching hospital during the period from June 2017 to October 2018. A total of 300 women were selected by simple random sampling technique. A pre designed and pre tested semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting the data.Thedata was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 Soft ware. Results and Conclusion: The prevalence of RTIs among the women was 22.3%. Vaginal discharge, 57(85%) and pain abdomen 39 (58.2%) were the most common symptoms. The socio demographic factors significantly associated with RTIs were illiteracy and low socio economic status. Women using cloth during menstruation and having dysmenorrhea were found to be associated risk factors for RTIs. Women having > 3 children, 26(29.2%) and using IUCD, 16(50%) as a method of contraception were found to be at risk of RTIs. Health seeking behavior of the women suffering from RTI was found to be poor, 13(19.4%)

Against Populism: Music, Classification, Genre

AbstractOften described as a social pathology, populism currently finds virulent expression in political movements across the world. Unlike the recognition that involves mutuality and respect, populism is typically founded on misrecognition; it pursues alterity, essentializes identity, offers ‘protection’ against the threat of hostile ‘others’. Often the social consequences are tragic. Music, however, can confirm or disrupt the way populism constructs identity. Epistemologically, genres can enable us to both understand and misunderstand our world: we can recognize ourselves (‘us’) in the genres that undergird the music we identify with, and (mis)recognize others (‘them’) in those we find alien. But genres can be undermined; they can be integrated, hybridized and directed towards more inclusive or cosmopolitan ends, thus destablilizing ontologies frozen around pre-fixed identities. I elaborate this theory, illustrating it with examples of focused genre-transgression, particularly in South African jazz, where progressive social tendencies have sought to create an integrated, cosmopolitan society.

DEVELOPING THE SENSE OF THE MEANING OF LIFE IN CHILDREN AND YOUTH AS A GOAL OF CREATIVE PROPHYLAXIS

This article complies with the belief that in social prophylaxis it is necessary to shift the center of gravity from “fighting” pathologies and negative deviations onto forming and strengthening positive factors which protect the individual and social groups against pathologies. Formation of a constructive feeling of the meaning of life, among others through development towards higher values, is such a procedure that realizes the aims of contemporary creative prophylaxis and – at the same time – addresses the goals of rearing. Supporting emotional, cognitive and social development of the young makes it possible to develop their potentials understood as abilities, predispositions, talents, skills and competences which are a guarantee that they will find the meaning of life and make this feeling real. In a satisfying life there is no room for social pathologies.

Social media trends in dermatology, dermatopathology, and pathology publications: The social construction of medical subdisciplines.

An increase in the number of publications on social media has paralleled the growth of social media use in the past decade. Our study examined the trends in these publications relating to the fields of dermatology, pathology, and dermatopathology. PubMed was searched for relevant literature from 2009 to present, using the following key terms: "social media", "dermatology", "dermatopathology", and "pathology." Topics of articles, years of publication, countries of origin, and contributing journals were compiled and analyzed. A total of 99 publications was retrieved during the period between January 2009 and November 2019. Top publication years included 2019 (n = 21), 2018 (n = 24), 2017 (n = 20), and 2016 (n = 13). The most common topic areas noted were related to dissemination of information (n = 17; 17.2%), knowledge exchange for physicians (n = 16; 16.2%), and social networking (n = 15; 15.2%). The number of published articles on social media in these specialties has increased since 2009, signifying the widespread use of social media for professional networking, knowledge exchange, real-time communication with patients and colleagues, and patient care. Social media in the areas of dermatology, dermatopathology, and pathology has undergone social construction during the past decade because of changes in technology and ideologies surrounding the use of social media within medicine.

Undiagnosing Esther: The Productive Ambiguity of Disease in Bleak House

Abstract Throughout the 165 years since the publication of Charles Dickens's Bleak House, readers and critics have attempted to diagnose the unnamed disease at the center of the novel. While smallpox is the most popular diagnosis, others have argued for typhus and erysipelas. Drawing on close analysis of the novel as well as medical history, this article contends that Dickens invites readers to think of two specific diseases—typhus and smallpox—while refusing to settle on either as the “answer” in order to hold open a narrative space for a theory of social pathology that encompasses the structural and individuated, the localized and the mobile, the macroscopic and microscopic at once. Recognizing that etiology is political, Dickens uses this diagnostic doubleness to produce a holistic indictment of a biopolitical liberal state that itself enacts power dualistically—that is, via strategic oscillation between disciplinary intervention, “making live,” and selective inaction, “letting die.” In doing so, Dickens also affirms the unique value of fiction to provide insight into our social world.

Larry M. Logue and Peter Blanck. Heavy Laden: Union Veterans, Psychological Illness, and Suicide.Diane Miller Sommerville. Aberration of Mind: Suicide and Suffering in the Civil War–Era South.

If the post-9/11 American home front has a “signature disorder” (and I’m not sure that it does), it would have to be veteran suicide. No other social pathology better reflects the deadly combination of mental anguish and communal indifference facing contemporary vets than self-murder. According to a recent White House briefing, roughly twenty U.S. veterans kill themselves every day—a rate one and a half times that of non-veteran adults. Since the start of the War on Terror, suicide has proven to be a greater threat to veterans’ long-term heath than al-Qaeda, the Taliban, and the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) combined. Indeed, it’s become common wisdom to assert that the latest generation of American troops is especially vulnerable to suicidal behavior, their capacity for self-harm exacerbated by the chaotic nature of the wars they fight and the relative isolation they face upon homecoming. However, as a pair of remarkable new books makes clear, today’s suicide epidemic is neither novel nor unique. Larry M. Logue and Peter Blanck’s Heavy Laden: Union Veterans, Psychological Illness, and Suicide and Diane Miller Sommerville’s Aberration of Mind: Suicide and Suffering in the Civil War–Era South examine the tidal wave of psychological trauma unleashed by the American Civil War. Individually, the two books paint sympathetic portraits of vast mental suffering on both sides of the conflict. Read together, they chart a new direction in the study of warfare and mental health, one that future scholars will inevitably follow.

Where are All the Happy Stories? The Role of Positive Stories in Teaching and Curriculum Design

ABSTRACTAs a discipline, sociology focuses more on pathology than success. Happiness was a key component of early theorists’ work yet dropped out of mainstream sociology as C. Wright Mills’ understanding of the sociological imagination took hold. It is time to rebalance our curriculum by adding courses that focus on social successes instead of social pathologies and adding stories to our traditional curriculum that show real examples of positive social movements and highlight social organizations that improve society. Yet simply making curricular changes is not sufficient to prepare students to make significant changes in society. Through pedagogical techniques, we can create a positive classroom where positive emotions within and among students are fostered. The development of positive emotions builds lasting, cognitive, social and physical resources students can use to tackle tough social issues.Ever since Martin Seligman brought positive psychology to the forefront, psychologists, business leaders, and others have paid more attention to the role that positivity plays in our work and personal lives and the ways in which it increases resilience, creativity, and mental health. Positive psychology challenged psychologists to not only study the problems of individuals but also to analyze their successes. Sociology also has a history of studying social problems. Our curriculum is full of courses that focus on social pathologies. We need to balance our curriculum by intentionally adding positive content to the core curriculum. All of us who teach need to develop a positive pedagogy. I believe that making these curricular and pedagogical changes will energize rather than overwhelm our students. There are many important social issues that will be better addressed by enthusiastic, creative, hopeful students who experience this shift in our discipline.

The critique of alienation and the integration of the actor's perspective: understanding alienation in biographical identity work processes

ABSTRACTThis article builds on current debates on the concept of alienation as a vehicle for the immanent critique of social pathologies in the world of work. Despite the renewals of the concept of alienation, the problem of how a theoretical diagnosis of alienation can be linked back to empirical material remains unsolved. Therefore, this paper develops a heuristic approach that makes it possible to identify specific forms of suffering as feelings of alienation. Alienation is understood as, unsuccessful identity work, which is documented in experiences of suffering, unfulfilled expectations, and critiques of conditions in the working world. This paper shows how identity work processes can be examined in narrated life stories. For the analysis of feelings of alienation, two indications are presented: (1) the identification of a gap between previous and current experiences in the working world and (2) the identification of specific experiences of suffering. Experiences of alienation can thus be identified as specific forms of experiences of suffering. Such an analysis also makes it possible to integrate the actors’ voices into an immanent critique of the world of work.