Social Network Messages Research Articles

Smart TV forensics: Digital traces on televisions

The Smart TV is becoming increasingly popular amongst consumers. Many consumers use a Smart TV to gain quick access to the Internet including video on demand, social networking and instant messaging. Most Smart TVs also provide capabilities to connect with external devices such as a USB flash drive, a mobile phone etc. All of these features make a Smart TV a potentially rich source of information for forensic purposes. With increasing utilisation, it is also easier for malicious users to abuse a Smart TV. Therefore a digital forensics study on the field of Smart TV is imperative. This paper proposes new procedures for acquiring, analysing and investigating a Smart TV.

Safe sleep, every sleep: Reducing infant deaths in Indigenous communities

Introduction: Co-sleeping is a culturally valued practice by many Indigenous families, however is associated with sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) in hazardous circumstances. Aim: To evaluate a safe sleep strategy comprising a safe sleep enabler embedded in education in collaboration with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families with high risk for SUDI. Methods: The Pepi-pod Program, comprising a safe sleep enabler, safe sleeping parent education and safety briefing; and family commitment to share safe sleeping messages in social networks, was delivered to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families with identified SUDI risks, recruited through Queensland maternal and child health services (n = 10 services, 25 communities) across metropolitan, regional and rural/remote areas. Parent questionnaires administered face-to-face or by telephone within 2 weeks of receiving the Pepi-pod; then monthly thereafter until pod use ceased. Health service feedback was conducted via focus group at participating sites. Results: The program was acceptable to families (n = 112 recruited to date) and raised awareness of, and improved consistency with, safe sleeping recommendations. All families recruited had identified risk factors. Midwifery and health worker feedback relating to implementation of the program indicated that the program was feasible, flexible, sustainable, and built local workforce capacity with integration into current service models. Conclusion: This is the first evaluation of a safe sleep enabler in Australia. Program principles are applicable to mainstream services which care for vulnerable families and high risk infants. Evaluating innovative and culturally respectful strategies to reduce SUDI risk through enabling safe sleep environments, which support community ownership, develop midwifery and multidisciplinary team skills, and reorient services from safe sleep advice to safe sleep action, will better inform the evidence-base used by educators, clinicians, researchers and policy makers in supporting parents and reducing infant deaths.

Messages on social networks and its impact on social capital

Fear of being a possible crime victim causes less social integration. Therefore it directly affects social capital. The mass media may cause a rise in fear of crime when local news involves violence. Nowadays social networks are becoming an alternative channel for any kind of news. In Monterrey, social networks were used to warn Monterrey citizens about contingency measures when natural disasters and security issues happened in the city. The objective of this investigation was to explore the impact of the quantity and frequency of negative messages that are published through Facebook in the perception of Monterrey's social capital. Results show that the most negative topics shared are insecurity and corruption, and politics. Only a 4.2% of participants think that most more than 50% of messages received by social networks are negatives. Finally, results found that the exposure to negative messages in social networks has a significant but weak correlation with some social capital dimensions.

Riskr: a web 2.0 platform to monitor and share disaster information

Disaster management that uses web-based technology to enhance user collaboration around disasters is an emergent field. A number of dedicated 'disaster portals' exist but they do not integrate large social networks such as Twitter and Facebook. These social networking sites can facilitate the analysis and sharing of collective intelligence around disaster information on a far greater scale by increasing accessibility to, and the use of, a disaster portal. This paper presents the 'Riskr' project, which applies a low-technological solution to creating a disaster portal fed by social networking messages. The system has been implemented using Twitter and tested by users to determine the feasibility. Results suggest the combination of online services and interoperability between disaster portals; and social networks can further enhance disaster management initiatives as 70.5% of the users were able to estimate the correct location of a disaster e.g. fallen power lines, fire.

Influencer Events in Episode Rules: A Way to Impact the Occurrence of Events

Episode rules are event patterns mined from a single event sequence. They are mainly used to predict the occurrence of events (the consequent of the rule), once the antecedent has occurred. The occurrence of the consequent of a rule may however be disturbed by the occurrence of another event in the sequence (that does not belong to the antecedent). We refer such an event to as an influencer event. To the best of our knowledge, the identification of such events in the context of episode rules has never been studied. However, identifying influencer events is of the highest importance as these events can be viewed as a way to act to impact the occurrence of events, here the consequent of rules. We propose to identify three types of influencer events: distance influencer events, confidence influencer events and disappearance events. To identify these influencer events, we propose to rely on the set of episode rules discovered by mining algorithms. The proposed approach for discovering influencer events is evaluated on an event sequence of social networks messages. Experiments measure the execution time efficiency according to the adopted episode rules mining algorithm. In addition, they show that some events do actually highly influence the consequent of some rules, that influencer events may not only influence several consequents, but also influence several characteristics of rules.

Groupsourcing: Distributed Problem Solving Using Social Networks

Crowdsourcing and citizen science have established themselves in the mainstream of research methodology in recent years, employing a variety of methods to solve problems using human computation. An approach described here, termed "groupsourcing", uses social networks to present problems and collect solutions. This paper details a method for archiving social network messages and investigates messages containing an image classification task in the domain of marine biology. In comparison to other methods, groupsourcing offers a high accuracy, data-driven and low cost approach.

소셜 빅 데이터를 활용한 자살검색 요인 다변량 분석

Objectives: The study is aimed at examining the individual reasons and regional/environmental factors of online search on suicide using social big data to predict practical behaviors related to suicide and to develop an online suicide prevention system on the governmental level. Methods: The study was conducted using suicide-related social big data collected from online news sites, blogs, caf<TEX>$\acute{e}$</TEX>s, social network services and message boards between January 1 and December 31, 2011 (321,506 buzzes from users assumed as adults and 67,742 buzzes from those assumed as teenagers). Technical analysis and development of the suicide search prediction model were done using SPSS 20.0, and the structural model, nd multi-group analysis was made using AMOS 20.0. Also, HLM 7.0 was applied for the multilevel model analysis of the determinants of search on suicide by teenagers. Results: A summary of the results of multivariate analysis is as follows. First, search on suicide by adults appeared to increase on days when there were higher number of suicide incidents, higher number of search on drinking, higher divorce rate, lower birth rate and higher average humidity. Second, search on suicide by teenagers rose on days when there were higher number of teenage suicide incidents, higher number of search on stress or drinking and less fine dust particles. Third, the comparison of the results of the structural equation model analysis of search on suicide by adults and teenagers showed that teenagers were more likely to proceed from search on stress to search on sports, drinking and suicide, while adults significantly tended to move from search on drinking to search on suicide. Fourth, the result of the multilevel model analysis of determinants of search on suicide by teenagers showed that monthly teenagers suicide rate and average humidity had positive effect on the amount of search on suicide. Conclusions: The study shows that both adults and teenagers are influenced by various reasons to experience stress and search on suicide on the Internet. Therefore, we need to develop diverse school-level programs that can help relieve teenagers of stress and workplace-level programs to get rid of the work-related stress of adults.

Social Media and Its Dual Use in Biopreparedness: Communication and Visualization Tools in an Animal Bioterrorism Incident

This article focuses on social media and interactive challenges for emergency organizations during a bioterrorism or agroterrorism incident, and it outlines the dual-use dilemma of social media. Attackers or terrorists can use social media as their modus operandi, and defenders, including emergency organizations in law enforcement and public and animal health, can use it for peaceful purposes. To get a better understanding of the uses of social media in these situations, a workshop was arranged in Stockholm, Sweden, to raise awareness about social media and animal bioterrorism threats. Fifty-six experts and crisis communicators from international and national organizations participated. As a result of the workshop, it was concluded that emergency organizations can collect valuable information and monitor social media before, during, and after an outbreak. In order to make use of interactive communication to obtain collective intelligence from the public, emergency organizations must adapt to social networking technologies, requiring multidisciplinary knowledge in the fields of information, communication, IT, and biopreparedness. Social network messaging during a disease outbreak can be visualized in stream graphs and networks showing clusters of Twitter and Facebook users. The visualization of social media can be an important preparedness tool in the response to bioterrorism and agroterrorism.

Ferramentas 2.0 e bibliotecas universitárias brasileiras: levantamento de uso e implicações

Introdução: Apresenta o conceito de biblioteca 2.0, e como os serviços e produtos orientados nesta perspectiva transformariam as bibliotecas tradicionais em ambientes mais interativos e dinâmicos. Aborda como as ferramentas 2.0 - blogs, microblogs, redes sociais, wikis, portais de compartilhamento de imagens e vídeos, dentre outras - podem proporcionar o aprimoramento dos processos de comunicação, transmissão da informação e aquisição do conhecimento, resultando em uma maior aproximação da biblioteca e do bibliotecário com os seus usuários. Método: Análise quantitativo-qualitativa de websites de bibliotecas de universidades públicas brasileiras (incluído o Distrito Federal) visando o levantamento do uso de ferramentas 2.0. Resultados: Observou-se que dezenove, da amostra de vinte e sete bibliotecas submetidas à análise utilizam alguma ferramenta 2.0. Verificou-se a preferência por três grupos de ferramentas 2.0 (Fontes RSS , Microblogs, e Redes Sociais). Verificou-se a não utilização de algumas ferramentas (Redes Sociais de Leitura, wikis, e Mensagens Instantâneas). Conclusão: As bibliotecas universitárias públicas brasileiras investigadas ainda têm uma modesta participação na esfera 2.0 o que dificulta o uso do potencial de comunicação, interação e colaboração destas ferramentas entre os usuários e usuários e bibliotecários

Advocacy for pneumonia prevention in Korea: a multi-dimensional program organised around World Pneumonia Day.

There are limited examples of population-based approaches that engage a broad range of stakeholders for prevention of pneumonia. In 2010, a multi-dimensional public-private partnership was established around World Pneumonia Day (WPD) in Seoul, Korea and included the following components: a) formation of an expert advisory group, b) creation of educational materials tailored for lay persons, c) creation of a dedicated WPD internet website in the local language, d) organisation of a WPD venue in central Seoul, e) creation of video and social networking messages for wide distribution, and f) engagement of parents, health-care professionals, public health agencies and policymakers. This project directly engaged 7 expert health professionals, 5 national- and city-level health facilities, and parents from communities. The program reached out to 70,560 persons including 25,200 persons who were contacted in person at publicly-held WPD events. An educational video produced for WPD was aired in the Seoul subway and visible to several million persons riding subway lines that aired the pneumonia public service announcements over a two-month period (February to March, 2011). In addition, the Korean WPD website experienced 4,975 page views with 3,338 visitors and the micro blog associated with this site hosted 82 posts from site visitors. Based on participant numbers and contact volumes achieved in this project, the Korean WPD program was widely accepted and proved to be a highly effective in reaching a large audience to advocate for pneumonia prevention. One key to success of this program appears to be the unique public-private partnership around a major health issue. The methods and tools developed in this program have excellent potential for adaptation and application in other countries where pneumonia may be an under recognised problem among the general public.

Adolescents’ Preference for Technology-Based Emergency Department Behavioral Interventions

This study aimed to (1) determine the prevalence of technology use and interest in technology-based interventions among adolescent emergency department patients and (2) examine the association between interest in an intervention and self-reported risky behaviors. Adolescents (age, 13-17 years) presenting to an urban pediatric emergency department completed a survey regarding baseline technology use, risky behaviors, and interest in and preferred format for behavioral health interventions. Questions were drawn from validated measures when possible. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were calculated to identify whether self-reported risky behaviors were differentially associated with intervention preference. Two hundred thirty-four patients (81.8% of eligible) consented to participate. Almost all used technology, including computers (98.7%), social networking (84.9%), and text messaging (95.1%). Adolescents reported high prevalence of risky behaviors as follows: unintentional injury (93.2%), peer violence exposure (29.3%), dating violence victimization (23.0%), depression or anxiety (30.0%), alcohol use (22.8%), drug use (36.1%), cigarette use (16.4%), and risky sexual behaviors (15.1%). Most were interested in receiving behavioral interventions (ranging from 93.6% interest in unintentional injury prevention, to 73.1% in smoking cessation); 45% to 93% preferred technology-based (vs in person, telephone call, or paper) interventions for each topic. Proportion interested in a specific topic and proportion preferring a technology-based intervention did not significantly differ by self-reported risky behaviors. Among this sample of adolescent emergency department patients, high rates of multiple risky behaviors are reported. Patients endorsed interest in receiving interventions for these behaviors, regardless of whether they reported the behavior. Most used multiple forms of technology, and approximately 50% preferred a technology-based intervention format.

Finding story chains in newswire articles using random walks

Massive amounts of information about news events are published on the Internet every day in online newspapers, blogs, and social network messages. While search engines like Google help retrieve information using keywords, the large volumes of unstructured search results returned by search engines make it hard to track the evolution of an event. A story chain is composed of a set of news articles that reveal hidden relationships among different events. Traditional keyword-based search engines provide limited support for finding story chains. In this paper, we propose a random walk based algorithm to find story chains. When breaking news happens, many media outlets report the same event. We have two pruning mechanisms in the algorithm to automatically exclude redundant articles from the story chain and to ensure efficiency of the algorithm. We further explore how named entities and word relevance can help find relevant news articles and improve algorithm efficiency by creating a co-clustering based correlation graph. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can generate coherent story chains without redundancy. The efficiency of the algorithm is significantly improved on the correlation graph.

An Adolescent Suicide Cluster and the Possible Role of Electronic Communication Technology

Since the development of Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) guidelines for the management of suicide clusters, the use of electronic communication technologies has increased dramatically. To describe an adolescent suicide cluster that drew our attention to the possible role of online social networking and SMS text messaging as sources of contagion after a suicide and obstacles to recognition of a potential cluster. A public health approach involving a multidisciplinary community response was used to investigate a group of suicides of New Zealand adolescents thought to be a cluster. Difficulties in identifying and managing contagion posed by use of electronic communications were assessed. The probability of observing a time-space cluster such as this by chance alone was p = .009. The cases did not belong to a single school, rather several were linked by social networking sites, including sites created in memory of earlier suicide cases, as well as mobile telephones. These facilitated the rapid spread of information and rumor about the deaths throughout the community. They made the recognition and management of a possible cluster more difficult. Relevant community agencies should proactively develop a strategy to enable the identification and management of suicide contagion. Guidelines to assist communities in managing clusters should be updated to reflect the widespread use of communication technologies in modern society.

Emergency Department Patients' Preferences for Technology-Based Behavioral Interventions

To assess emergency department (ED) patients' preferences for technology-based behavioral interventions, and the demographic factors associated with these preferences. A cross-sectional survey of a random sample of urban ED patients (≥13 years) from a representative sample of shifts, with oversampling of adolescents/young adults (aged 13 to 24 years). Participants self-administered the survey about baseline technology use, concerns about technology-based interventions, and preferred intervention format for 7 behavioral health topics. We performed descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression (controlling for demographics and then additionally for baseline technology use) to identify factors differentially associated with technology preference for each behavioral topic. Of patients presenting during research assistant shifts, 1,429 (≈59%) were screened and 664 (68.2% of eligible) consented to participate. Mean age was 31 years (SD 0.69); 54.5% were female, 64.1% were white, 23.2% were Hispanic, and 46.6% reported low income. Baseline use of computers (91.2%), Internet (70.7%), social networking (66.9%), mobile phones (95.0%), and text messaging (73.8%) was high. Participants reported interest in receiving interventions on each behavioral topic. Ninety percent preferred a technology-based intervention for at least 1 topic. Patients expressed greatest concerns about Internet (51.5%) and social networking (57.6%), particularly about confidentiality. Adjusting for sex, race, ethnicity, and income, younger age associated with preference for technology-based interventions for unintentional injuries (odds ratio 0.63 for technology preference if adult versus youth; 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 0.89) and peer violence (odds ratio 0.63 if adult; 95% confidence interval 0.43 to 0.92). Additionally adjusting for baseline technology usage, only baseline usage was associated with preference for technology-based interventions. ED patients reported high baseline technology use, high interest in behavioral health interventions, and varying preferences for technology-based interventions. Future studies should address actual feasibility and acceptability of technology-based interventions in a more generalized population and ways to alleviate concerns about these interventions.

Technology Use and Reasons to Participate in Social Networking Health Websites among People Living with HIV in the US

Online social media and mobile technologies hold potential to enhance adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), although little is known about the current use of these technologies among people living with HIV (PLWH). To address this gap in understanding, 312 PLWH (84% male, 69% White) US adults completed an online survey in 2009, from which 22 persons accepted an invitation to participate in one of two online focus groups. Results showed that 76% of participants with lower ART adherence used social networking websites/features at least once a week. Their ideal online social networking health websites included one that facilitated socializing with others (45% of participants) and ones with relevant HIV informational content (22%), although privacy was a barrier to use (26%). Texting (81%), and to a lesser extent mobile web-access (51%), was widely used among participants. Results support the potential reach of online social networking and text messaging intervention approaches.

Effects of Media and Social Standing on Smoking Behaviors among Adolescents in China

Many studies have documented associations between peer influences and smoking among US and Chinese adolescents. Few studies, however, have shown how these influences occur in relation to adolescents' positions in their social networks. Social media channels such as online social networking and text messaging extend adolescents' networks and sphere of influence. This study examines the interplay between social media channels, peer influences, and smoking outcomes. Data were collected from 6,073 students from 24 high schools in Chengdu, China. Multilevel models suggest that mobile phone use (AOR = 1.45, p < .0001) and social Internet activity are risk factors for smoking (AOR = 1.18, p = .002), whereas informational Internet activity is protective (AOR = 0.87, p = .038). High social status was also positively associated with smoking (AOR = 1.16, p = .001), whereas the relationship with smoking intentions was moderated by mobile phone use (AOR = 1.11, p = .013). Findings suggest that media usage and social standing may have differential effects on smoking and other risky adolescent behaviors.

English on the internet and a ‘post‐varieties’ approach to language

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the use of English in computer‐mediated discourse, and considers the extent to which the traditional varieties‐based approach to the study of global English can provide adequate analytic tools for describing the actuality of communicative encounters conducted on the Internet. Starting from the contention that languages as discrete entities are a problematic sociolinguistic category, the paper addresses the question of how the study of global English may be refined to accommodate the type of English‐related communicative phenomena found in many online encounters. Drawing upon examples of communication between Thai speakers via social networking and instant messaging services, the paper outlines the complexity of English‐related forms in this genre of online interaction, and considers the metatheoretical questions this complexity poses for the discipline of world Englishes in terms of how best to describe and categorise such phenomena.

The Presence of Web 2.0 Applications Is Associated with the Overall Service Quality of Library Websites

A Review of:&#x0D; Chua, A. Y. K., &amp; Goh, D. H. (2010). A study of Web 2.0 applications in library websites. Library &amp; Information Science Research, 32(3), 203-211. &#x0D; &#x0D; Objective – To determine the prevalence and use of web 2.0 applications in library websites and to determine whether or not their presence enhances the quality of the sites.&#x0D; &#x0D; Design – Content analysis.&#x0D; &#x0D; Setting – Public and academic libraries in North America, Europe, and Asia.&#x0D; &#x0D; Subjects – A total of 120 academic and public library websites in English.&#x0D; &#x0D; Methods – This study identified and selected library websites from academic and public libraries using a combination of directories, ratings reports, and ranking lists from three geographic regions. Over a four-month period in 2009, three coders conducted a three-step content analysis of the selected library websites. This analysis was conducted after having established inter-coder reliability using Cohen’s Kappa and analytic procedure familiarity, using a randomly selected pilot set of 30 library websites. The remaining 90 websites were evenly distributed among the three coders for analysis. They determined whether web 2.0 applications were present, examined how those applications were used, and gave an overall appraisal of website quality. Coders inspected library website links, conducted site searches, used search engines, and searched within major social networking sites to determine the presence of web 2.0 applications. A quality framework classification scheme was used during coding to identify how the web 2.0 applications were being used within library websites. This framework was established around four dimensions of library services: information acquisition (blogs and wikis), information dissemination (Rich Site Summary, or “RSS”), information organization (social tagging), and information sharing (social networking and instant messaging). A five-point Likert scale was also used in concert with a website quality evaluation framework to assess the quality of the library websites. This framework included three aspects of website quality: system quality, information quality, and service quality. A combination of statistical techniques such as Chi-square analysis, Cramer’s V, analysis of variance, Tukey’s statistic, and multiple regression were then used to analyze the findings.&#x0D; &#x0D; Main Results – Web 2.0 applications have been adopted by libraries across North America, Europe, and Asia. The most popular web 2.0 applications were blogs (56.6%), RSS (50%), and instant messaging services (46.6%) while less prevalent were social networking services (20%), wikis (16.6%), and social tagging applications (16.6%). The extent of libraries’ adoption of web 2.0 applications also varied according to region. North American libraries used all web 2.0 applications most consistently and were more attuned to heavier users, particularly with regard to information sharing applications (e.g., instant messaging, social networking). European libraries lagged behind those in Asia in embracing information acquisition applications (e.g., blogs, wikis) but were comparable to other regions. Social networking services and instant messaging were strongly associated with region; RSS, blogs, and social tagging showed moderate to moderately strong associations; and only wikis did not demonstrate a statistically significant association with region. &#x0D; &#x0D; This study also identified how web 2.0 applications were being used. Blogs were used to generate interest, engage users, and endear users to library personnel, while wikis culled resources from users thematically. RSS feeds communicated news, events or resource updates, and were also used in combination with library blogs. Social tagging invited users to save, organize, and share information, while some websites used librarian-generated tags for search and discovery or included them as tag clouds in library blogs. Instant messaging was used to assist users synchronously during scheduled timeslots; meanwhile, social networking sites offered alternate channels to communicate and build connections with users.&#x0D; &#x0D; The authors found a relationship between website quality and the presence of web 2.0 applications based on the criteria presented in their quality evaluation framework. Applications facilitating information sharing (i.e., social networks and instant messaging) had a stronger influence on a website’s overall quality than those being used for information acquisition and dissemination (i.e., RSS, wikis, and blogs). Web 2.0 applications among academic and public libraries shared a similar level of presence on the library websites; therefore, the type of library is not associated with the quality of the library website. North American websites tended to be higher in quality than European or Asian library websites, and differences in quality between European and Asian sites were insignificant.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion – This study reveals that libraries in various geographic regions adopt web 2.0 applications differently. Web 2.0 applications in library websites enhance users’ experience with library resources and support their interests. Library websites are implementing web 2.0 applications in a myriad of ways, including using these applications in concert with one another to increase user engagement. The presence of web 2.0 applications strongly affects service quality but only weakly influences information quality.