Social Neglect Research Articles

Penyuluhan Hukum : Pencegahan Kenakalan Remaja Di Desa Ngujung Kecamatan Maospati Kabupaten Magetan

This service aims to provide an understanding of juvenile delinquency problems. By using legal counseling methods. Location of community service in Ngujung Village, Maospati Subdistrict, Magetan District. Based on the results of the discussion show that adolescence is a period where an individual experiences a transition from one stage to the next and experiences changes in both emotions, body, interests, behavioral patterns, and also full of problems. While Juvenile delinquency (juvenile delinquency) is malicious behavior, or crime / delinquency of young people is a social pathology in children and adolescents caused by a form of social neglect, so they develop deviant forms of behavior. For this reason, efforts to prevent juvenile delinquency can be done, among others: (1) Parents must pay more attention, supervision, and affection to children and parents must open two-way communication (listening and open) to children, (2) Giving limits on freedom, (3) Providing religious education to adolescents, (4) Teaching adolescents not to be easily influenced by negative relationships, (5) Providing positive activities to adolescents so that adolescents are busy and do not have time to do things negative things and (6) Providing knowledge about laws that regulate juvenile delinquency and sanctions. Keywords—: Extension of Law; Juvenile Delinquency.

Análisis del Costo-Beneficio, para el tránsito de cultivos de carácter ilícito, a cultivos lícitos para facilitar el desarrollo de los agronegocios en la región del Catatumbo

Objetivo: Contrastar el Costo/Beneficio del cultivo ilegal versus el cultivo legal, producto de la erradicación voluntaria en el Municipio de Hacarí, Norte de Santander. Método: La investigación se cimento en el paradigma positivista, metodología cuantitativa y enfoque correlacional. La población objeto de estudio se circunscribe a los encargados de las juntas de acción comunal del municipio y los cultivadores quienes abordaron la sustitución voluntaria del cultivo de la coca. La técnica de recolección de información aplicada, fue la encuesta a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario. Resultados: Se encontró que no existe información sobre las hectáreas, las rotaciones de cultivo e inversiones en insumos, además se pudo evidenciar el número de hectáreas sembradas con coca crecieron y que los cultivadores quienes sustituyeron no han recibido ayuda por parte del gobierno, asimismo, se evidenció que están aún hay presiones indebidas, con el agravante de que la sustitución ha sido voluntaria y con costos elevados. Discusiones: Pese a que existen programas del estado, todavía hay poca credibilidad en la solución al problema, los costos de insumos son cada vez elevados y se siente el descuido social de la región y la presión de los fuerzas al margen de la ley. Conclusiones: El cultivo por hectáreas de cultivos ilícitos genera más jornales que una de lícito, los cultivos ilícitos son más rentables en el tiempo. Las rastras del proceso investigativo asumido han arrojado respuestas esperanzadoras donde se demuestra técnicamente que existe un potencial agrícola aun no explotado en su totalidad, que es de uso legal y que resulta más atractivo que los cultivos de uso ilícito.

Prevention of aversive childhood experiences: social and health policy consequences

Prevention of aversive childhood experiences: social and health policy consequences Abstract. Neglect, as well as physical, psychological or sexual abuse increase the risk of developmental disorders and of long-term health consequences in adulthood. The prevention of maltreatment is therefore crucial. In Switzerland, a multi-layered prevention model mainly focuses on supporting the family. An improved social awareness of the importance of adequate childcare is in the interest of each individual as well as of the health care system and society as a whole.

Остракізм як прояв ксенофобії

The aim of the article is to explore the features of the concept of social isolationas a manifestation of xenophobia, which, due to their own characterologicalidentities, carry a greater threat to society than open aggression.The author used the method of synthesis to make an attempt to analyzepersonality’s emotional, cognitive and behavioral structures that had influenceon characteristics of ostracization’s processes. The cognitive form includes selfawareness,self-observation, self-imagination, introspection, self-criticism andother signs of the destructive image of «Me» in a situation of social isolation. Thecognitive component is characterized by the presence of irrational personality’sconstructs, the emotional one – by the phenomena of well-being, pride, whichare also affected by social exile or neglect as the most common forms ofostracization in the social field.In the article the author analyzed the psychological characteristics ofindividuals exposed to the phenomenon of social rejection. The main scientificviews on the problem of ostracism, its role in the formation of xenophobictendencies, emotional reactions and conditions that ostracize lives on, the roleof psychological protective mechanisms, a sense of fear as the basic emotionof rejection of «alien» individuals are highlighted. The results of the researchindicate the interdependence of socio-psychological environmental factors andthe formation of trends of personal rejection.The author made conclusions that are drawn in a system of consideringthe concept of ostracism as xenophobic manifestations, at a deep cognitiveemotionallevel, it affects the course of personality formation.We see the further research of this problem in a more detailed study of themain criteria of xenophobic forms and ostracized reactions that arise when thereis a threat of belonging, the alleged devaluation and denial of relations, as wellas a study of the interdependence of open aggression and ostracized tendenciesin the context of xenophobic manifestations of society.

FAKTOR DAN UPAYA RESOLUSI KONFLIK SOSIAL (Kasus Kelurahan Kandai Dua Kecamatan Woja Kabupaten Dompu)

Conflict between citizens of this village is because it is caused by several factors, one ofwhich is juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency is a pathological symptom of teenagersarising from the form of social neglect ultimately causing behavior that can harm oneself orothers. The problems studied in this research are: first, the factors that triggered theoccurrence of social conflict in the sub district Woja Dompu? Second, social conflictresolution efforts in the sub district Woja Dompu? The research aims to determine thefactors that triggered the social conflict in the sub district Woja Dompu, and the socialconflict resolution efforts in the sub district Woja Dompu. The method used in research is aqualitative method. The data collection methods used are interviews and documentation.The validity of the data is tested by triangulation technique, which is then analyzed throughreduction, data presentation, withdrawal of conclusions. The results of the research showedthat social conflicts in the sub District Woja Dompu in the presence of influence of severalfactors: juvenile delinquency, revenge, weak law, and differences of interest. The efforts ofsocial conflict resolution in Woja subdistrict to dampen the conflict between the citizens ofKandai Dua and the residents of Simpasai village, by negotiation, conduation, mediation,and arbitration. Local governments work with communities to form vigilance organisationsas a step in minimizing social conflicts

A Study of Complications of Infants of Diabetic Mothers in Babylon Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Pediatrics

Background: Infants born to diabetic mothers are liable for a wide range of systemic & metabolic complications. Objectives: The aim of this study was to do early detection and early managements of signs and symptoms and complications that happened in infants of diabetic mothers. Also to show the outcome of infants of diabetic mothers. Materials and Method: Medical history, physical examination, and investigations (biochemical & radiological) were done on 100 infants of diabetic mothers over about 5 months period. Results: We found that 78% of cases delivered by caesarean section, and 55% of them have history of affected baby, 27% history of miscarriage & 9% chronic sibling morbidity & these results might be due to poor glycemic control, bad antenatal care, or maternal & social neglect. Macrosomia was 42%. Congenital anomalies include congenital heart disease 16%, Birth trauma occurs in 5% in form of fracture clavicle & brachial plexus injury. Hypoglycemia presented in 85%. Perinatal mortality, birth injuries, systemic, hematologic & metabolic complications are more encountered in infants born to diabetic mothers. Conclusion: Infants of diabetic mothers have a lot of risky complications and they need screening even in asymptomatic cases.

A Study of Complications of Infants of Diabetic Mothers in Babylon Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Pediatrics

Background: Infants born to diabetic mothers are liable for a wide range of systemic & metabolic complications. Objectives: The aim of this study was to do early detection and early managements of signs and symptoms and complications that happened in infants of diabetic mothers. Also to show the outcome of infants of diabetic mothers. Materials and Method: Medical history, physical examination, and investigations (biochemical & radiological) were done on 100 infants of diabetic mothers over about 5 months period. Results: We found that 78% of cases delivered by caesarean section, and 55% of them have history of affected baby, 27% history of miscarriage & 9% chronic sibling morbidity & these results might be due to poor glycemic control, bad antenatal care, or maternal & social neglect. Macrosomia was 42%. Congenital anomalies include congenital heart disease 16%, Birth trauma occurs in 5% in form of fracture clavicle & brachial plexus injury. Hypoglycemia presented in 85%. Perinatal mortality, birth injuries, systemic, hematologic & metabolic complications are more encountered in infants born to diabetic mothers. Conclusion: Infants of diabetic mothers have a lot of risky complications and they need screening even in asymptomatic cases.

The problem of social and pedagogical neglect of first-year students

The problem of social and pedagogical neglect of first-year students

Neighbourhood open spaces for social cohesion

The global cities of the world are witnessing a visible disconnection of everyday life. In India the Smart City guidelines acknowledge the need to counter the growing social detachment and intolerance by encouraging interactions. They go further in identifying that preserving and creating of open spaces must be a key feature of comprehensive urban development. Most social relations are cemented within open spaces at the neighbourhood level. Previous studies examine the association between the attributes of neighbourhood open spaces and social activity but neglect to view the issue comprehensively. The present study turns to Lefebvre’s Unitary Theory which states that open space is a result of three forces; 1) perceived space which is the physical dimension and material quality identifiable by the senses; 2) conceived space created by planners and other agents as plans and documents; and 3) lived space which is shaped by the values attached and images generated through user experience. For open space conducive to social interactions these three aspects must work in tandem. With this consideration a framework of criteria and indicators is developed and used to measure and compare the open spaces in select neighbourhoods in Europe and India. The investigation thus reveals differences in all three aspects of neighbourhood spaces. It also reveals a discrepancy between the planning standards formulated and employed by the city authorities in providing the spaces and the actual needs of the community. The research aims to address this gap. The study of the Indian cases lays foundation for the use of the framework to measure open spaces in association with social cohesion and thereby contribute to the enhancement of the social infrastructure of the City.

1,25(OH)2D3 in Brain Function and Neuropsychiatric Disease.

1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 = calcitriol) is a powerful regulator of mineral metabolism. The hormone increases calcium and phosphate plasma concentrations in part by stimulation of intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of calcium and phosphate. It is primarily, but not exclusively, produced in the kidney. Renal 1,25(OH)2D3 formation is stimulated by calcium and phosphate deficiency and by parathyroid hormone which is up-regulated by hypocalcemia. 1,25(OH)2D3 formation is inhibited by fibroblast growth factor FGF23, which is up-regulated by phosphate excess and requires Klotho to become effective. Klotho- or FGF23-deficiency leads to excessive plasma 1,25(OH)2D3-, Ca2+- and phosphate-concentrations with severe soft tissue calcification and accelerated aging. Tissue calcification and premature aging are prevented by NH4Cl without affecting 1,25(OH)2D3-formation. 1,25(OH)2D3 has powerful effects apparently unrelated to mineral metabolism, including anti-inflammatory actions and modification of multiple brain functions. Excessive 1,25(OH)2D3 formation in klotho-deficient NH4Cl-treated mice leads to an amazing surge of exploratory behavior, lack of anxiety and decreased depression, effects dissipated by low vitamin D diet. Conversely, vitamin D deficient mice display reduced explorative behavior, enhanced anxiety, aberrant grooming, submissive social behavior, social neglect and maternal cannibalism. 1,25(OH)2D3 is generated in human brain, and acts on diverse structures including prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and substantia nigra. In neurons 1,25(OH)2D3 suppresses oxidative stress, inhibits inflammation, provides neuroprotection, down-regulates a variety of inflammatory mediators and up-regulates a wide variety of neurotrophins. Diseases postulated to be favorably modified by 1,25(OH)2D3 include multiple sclerosis, Parkinson´s disease, Alzheimer´s disease, depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Clearly, substantial additional experimentation is required to fully understand the neuro-psycho-pathophysiological role of 1,25(OH)2D3 and to exploit 1,25(OH)2D3 or related agonists in the treatment of neuro-psychiatric disorders.

1.1 RECOVERY FROM SEVERE DEPRIVATION: THE BUCHAREST EARLY INTERVENTION PROJECT

Severe early deprivation, as is the case in children who are raised in large impersonal institutions, is associated with increased risks for psychopathology. Less is known about how to remediate children who have experienced social neglect in early childhood. The Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP) is the only randomized, controlled trial of foster care (FC) as an alternative to institutional care ever conducted. The purpose of this presentation is to summarize findings regarding psychopathology and competence through age 12 years.

Сучасна філософія визнання: «комунікативна утопія» чи реальний соціальний проект?

У статті проаналізовано сучасні філософські дискурси реальних механізмів, способів взаємозв’язку ідентичності та визнання в контексті «усвідомлення несправедливості», «патологій» суспільного буття. А також показано, що, на відміну від переважно монологічних ідей визнання П. Рікера, Ч. Тейлора та «комунікативної утопії» Ю. Габермаса, Т. Ренч і А. Гонет пропонують його інтерсуб’єк-тивний, реалістичний концепт. Важливою ознакою останнього стало розширення «перспективи справедливості», подолання її звуженого варіанту через звернення до «іншого справедливості», до визнання та турботи. Таким чином, А. Гонет пропонує доповнити моральний принцип однакового ставлення до людей нормою конкретного обов’язку щодо окремої людини, яка потребує допомоги. Підсумовуючи осмислення проблеми визнання в сучасній філософії, автор наголошує на значенні створення А. Гонетом теорії визнання в річищі теорії свободи і справедливості. Відомий німецький мислитель у такий спосіб прагне реабілітувати основні настанови соціальної філософії Франкфуртської школи з метою пошуків адекватних шляхів подолання розмаїтих проявів соціальної несправедливості, приниження, зневаги людської гідності. І має це відбуватися на засадах осягнення внутрішнього потенціалу самого феномена визнання як принципово важливої (насамперед для вітчизняного простору) можливості узгодження формально-легітимних інституційних його структур зі справжнім визнанням їх як справедливих. З метою перетворення свого бачення визнання з «комунікативної утопії» на дієвий соціальний проект А. Гонет намагається переомислити ідеї Дж. Ролза, Н. Фрейзер, доповнити етику дискурсу розлогою теорією визнання та етикою турботи.

Health problems of individuals with autism spectrum disorder

Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the health needs of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using the Problem Classification Scheme (PCS), one of the main components of the Omaha System. The data obtained are expected to guide health programmes focusing on the needs of individuals with ASD. Method: This descriptive study was conducted at a special education implementation centre providing daytime education for individuals with ASD. Data obtained by the institutional nurse during the daily diagnosis and examination procedures of the ambulatory treatment unit in the centre were defined by another researcher according to the PCS forms. Routine health care was provided for all the individuals whose condition was diagnosed. Results: The 10 most frequently documented problems were personal care (83.78%), mental health (62.84%), speech and language (61.49%), social contact (50%), interpersonal relationship (42.57%), cognition (32.43%), income (28.38%), medication regimen (24.32 %), nutrition (22.30%) and neglect (18.92%). Conclusion: The results indicate that it is useful to use the Omaha System in determining the health needs of an individual with autism holistically, and in assessing and evaluating the individual's care, as it provides a standardised language. Impact statements: The Omaha PCS System can be used by nurses in the holistic diagnosis of the health status of individuals with ASD.

Strangers in the Neighborhood: Violence and Neighborhood Boundaries

New Orleans experienced elevated rates of violent crime throughout the thirty years between 1985 and 2015. Violence was disproportionately represented in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. This study explores the lived experiences of residents from one such neighborhood, using individual interviews, focus groups, and participant observation. The data indicate that neighborhood boundaries vacillated between rigidly defensive and porous, which impacted residents’ ability to enact collective efficacy and thus to create a milieu that either positively or negatively influenced the likelihood of violence. With a long history of institutional and social neglect, the community initially viewed outsiders as invaders which resulted in rigidly defended boundaries. As the community emerged from social marginalization and was able to enact collective efficacy, its boundaries became more porous and resources flowed into the community. As a result, violence decreased, further enhancing collective efficacy and boundary porosity in a virtuous cycle. This suggests that crime prevention and response models that engage residents and decrease marginalization may decrease cynicism, open boundaries, and improve collective efficacy, thereby reducing neighborhood violence.

Enduring effects of juvenile social isolation on physiological properties of medium spiny neurons in nucleus accumbens.

Juvenile social isolation (SI) and neglect is associated with a wide range of psychiatric disorders. While dysfunction of the corticolimbic pathway is considered to link various abnormal behaviors in SI models of schizophrenia, the enduring effects of early social deprivation on physiological properties of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) are not well understood. This study investigated the impacts of juvenile SI on locomotor activity to methamphetamine (METH) and neurophysiological characteristics of MSNs in the core of NAc. Socially isolated C57BL/6 mice experienced single housing for 4weeks on postnatal day (PND) 21. The locomotor response to METH (1.0mg/kg) was observed in both socially isolated and group-housed mice at PND 56. The effects of juvenile SI on the excitatory synaptic events in MSNs and the intrinsic excitability of MSNs in NAc core were investigated in other batches during PND 63-70. Socially isolated mice showed locomotor hypersensitivity to METH, although the expression of locomotor sensitization to METH in socially isolated mice was not different from group-housed mice. The recordings from MSNs of SI-reared mice exhibited higher frequency and smaller amplitude of miniature/spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current than those from group-reared mice. Moreover, SI resulted in increased intrinsic excitability of MSNs in adult mice. These results demonstrate neuronal hyperactivity in the NAc of socially isolated mice, which could contribute to locomotor hypersensitivity to METH. Furthermore, the findings indicate a biological link between early negative life events and the vulnerability to psychostimulant-induced psychosis in adulthood.

Penyuluhan Hukum : Pencegahan Kenakalan Remaja Di Desa Ngujung Kecamatan Maospati Kabupaten Magetan

This service aims to provide an understanding of juvenile delinquency problems. By using legal counseling methods. Location of community service in Ngujung Village, Maospati Subdistrict, Magetan District. Based on the results of the discussion show that adolescence is a period where an individual experiences a transition from one stage to the next and experiences changes in both emotions, body, interests, behavioral patterns, and also full of problems. While Juvenile delinquency (juvenile delinquency) is malicious behavior, or crime / delinquency of young people is a social pathology in children and adolescents caused by a form of social neglect, so they develop deviant forms of behavior. For this reason, efforts to prevent juvenile delinquency can be done, among others: (1) Parents must pay more attention, supervision, and affection to children and parents must open two-way communication (listening and open) to children, (2) Giving limits on freedom, (3) Providing religious education to adolescents, (4) Teaching adolescents not to be easily influenced by negative relationships, (5) Providing positive activities to adolescents so that adolescents are busy and do not have time to do things negative things and (6) Providing knowledge about laws that regulate juvenile delinquency and sanctions.

Gender Differentiation of Indirect Self-Destructiveness in Drug Addicted Individuals (Indirect Self-Destructiveness in Addicted Women and Men)

The use of psychoactive substances is considered to be a typical self-destructive behaviour with addiction itself regarded as one of the self-destructiveness forms. The aim of this work was to explore the gender differentiation of the indirect self-destructiveness syndrome (and its particular categories) in drug addicted individuals treated in drug addiction treatment centres. 172 drug addicted individuals (116 men and 56 women, M age = 23,5), ranged from 19 to 28 years, was recruited. In order to examine indirect self-destructiveness and its manifestations, the Polish version of the “Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale” by Kelley (CS-DS) was administered. The statistical processing of scores used the Mann-Whitney U significance test. Women treated for drug addiction achieved significantly higher scores on indirect self-destructiveness: general score (p = 0.001), subscales of Transgression and Risk (p = 0.001), Personal and Social Neglects (p = 0.02), and Lack of Planfulness (p < 0.001). They scored lower on Poor Health Maintenance (p < 0.002) and Helplessness (p < 0.001). There is a need for specific, gender-adjusted manners of intervention and treatment in addicted women. Optimistically, after an addiction treatment, women cope and feel better psychologically and socially. They also care more about their health.

A Therapist’s Mandate?: Integrating an Ethics of Care into Custody Law by Recognising and Responding to Post‐separation Parental Loss of Connection with Children

In 1999 Smart and Neale published their seminal book Family Fragments, arguing for the replacement of the ethics of justice that currently informs custody law and practice with an ethics of care. Recognising loss is one of four principles they identify as being key to care‐based processes for managing post‐separation parenting arrangements. Here they had in mind the non‐resident fathers in their study, who were often anxious, angry, and resentful about their diminished fatherhood. Yet gender‐neutral custody laws and the greater prominence given to shared care across the West means that increasing numbers of separated mothers are also experiencing diminished connections to their children, either by becoming non‐resident parents or through shared care arrangements. Research into post‐separation fathers’ and mothers’ experiences of loss and grief in relation to their children is sparse and largely consists of small‐scale qualitative studies focusing either on fathers or mothers. Nonetheless, these studies show that the grief talk of post‐separated parents is strikingly similar, except that mothers who become non‐resident parents commonly talk about a sense of stigma and shame, while fathers are more likely than mothers to resort to the language of anger and rights. Despite Smart and Neale's call roughly 20 years ago, custody law systems across the West continue to neglect parents’ need for recognition and support. This paper seeks to rectify this social neglect through describing a dual program of therapeutically informed interventions with separated mothers and fathers. This is designed to recognise and respond to parental loss and grief experiences, whilst simultaneously fostering personal self‐reflexivity and transformation. The latter is no easy task but is frequently an essential basis for workable co‐parenting post‐separation.

Social Connectivity, Media Bias, and Correlation Neglect

We propose a model of political persuasion in which a biased newspaper aims to convince voters to vote for the government. Each voter receives the newspaper's report, as well as an independent private signal. Voters then exchange this information on social media and form posterior beliefs, neglecting correlation among signals. An increase in connectivity increases the newspaper's bias if voters are ex ante predisposed to vote against the government, and reduces the bias if they are predisposed in favour of the government. While more precise independent signals reduce the newspaper's optimal bias, the bias remains positive even when connectivity becomes large. Thus, even with a large number of social connections, the election produces an inefficient outcome with positive probability, implying a failure of the Condorcet jury theorem.

Quality of life for teenagers with social deprivation.

Background. Social instability, crisis «social neglect» and «social isolation» in teenagers is relevant because it impaired mental health and forms psychical disadaptation. All this thinks determines this investigate.&#x0D; Purpose. To investigate quality of life in socially depressed teenagers.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The results of experimental psychological research 100 teenagers with social depression and clinic-psychopathological, statistical methods was used.&#x0D; Results. The result of research quality of life in teenagers with social depressed was next : the most vulnerable for biological and social orphans was psychological and physical sphere, and for teenagers with social-maternal, socio-psychological and family depressed was environment and relationship.&#x0D; Conclusion. Socio-economic, medico-psychological factors have led to impairment quality of life in lest protected people – teenagers.