Social Motivation Research Articles

Unraveling the dynamics of COVID-19 fake news spread: The influence of socialization, entertainment, and altruism in instant news sharing on social media

During the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), the dissemination of false information on social media increased significantly. The examination of social factors influencing the proliferation of fake news related to COVID-19 necessitates exploration from various perspectives and dimensions. Our research surveyed 392 Pakistani social media consumers, employing a survey questionnaire method conducted through snowball sampling technique. We utilized SPSS 26.0 for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. The mediation and moderation effects were tested using Andrew F. Hayes' Process program (V3.3). Our findings revealed that COVID-19-related fake news tends to spread through instant news sharing behavior, driven by socialization and entertainment motives, acting as mediating factors in the relationship between instant news sharing and the dissemination of false information. Altruism also plays a moderating role, playing a moderating role in the impact of instant news sharing on fake news sharing, and also playing a moderating role in the impact of socialization on fake news sharing. Employing a rational choice theory framework, our study identifies instant news sharing, socialization, entertainment, and altruism as key rational choices influencing the sharing of pandemic-related fake news among Pakistani social media users.

베이커리 전공선택동기가 전공만족도 및 진로결정에 미치는 영향 관계에서 전공만족도 매개효과

The purpose of this study is to study the mediating effect of major satisfaction in the relationship between major selection motivation of college students majoring in bakery and career decision, and the results of the study that analyzed the data collected for college students majoring in bakery in Seoul and the metropolitan area are as follows. First, it was found that personal motivation and social motivation had a positive (+) effect on major satisfaction and career decision among major selection motivation, and it can be seen that personal motivation has a greater impact on major satisfaction and career decision than social motivation. Second, major satisfaction has a positive (+) effect on career decision-making, Third, as a result of analyzing the mediating effect of major satisfaction in the relationship between major selection motivation and career decision-making, the regression coefficient of individual motivation, an independent variable, decreased from stage 2, and major satisfaction, a parameter, satisfaction has a partial mediating condition in the relationship between personal motivation and career decision.

Effects of Utilitarian, Hedonic and Social Motives on Mall Shoppers Satisfaction

The primary objective of the study was to comprehend the factors influencing customers' choices in supermarket shopping. A notable concern arises as shoppers tend to frequent supermarkets regardless of the availability of alternative modern shopping options nearby. Employing the convenience sampling method, the research distributed 300 self-administered questionnaires at Mlimani City, a significant mall in Dar es Salaam, and retrieved 291 completed responses. Guided by consumer behavior theories, the study focused on utilitarian, hedonic, and social factors influencing customer satisfaction with supermarket shopping experiences. The findings emphasized the paramount importance of social factors, followed by hedonic factors, in shaping customer satisfaction. Utilitarian factors exhibited a stronger impact on behavioral intention but had a relatively lesser influence on overall customer satisfaction with the supermarket experience. This highlights that, for many Tanzanians, supermarkets serve as spaces for social interaction and leisure activities rather than purely for shopping. These insights carry significant implications for academia, managers, and policymakers, offering valuable perspectives to enhance the supermarket shopping experience for Tanzanian consumers.

Contextualizing Lorenzo Morelli's Youthful Patronage (1463–1473)☆

AbstractA ledger of the Florentine apprentice silk merchant and rising bureaucrat, Lorenzo Morelli (1446–1528), is notable for its references to distinguished artworks and furniture he commissioned from a young age. Study of the ledger, now housed in the Archivio di Stato di Firenze and catalogued as Gherardi Piccolomini d'Aragona 137, has for the most part focused on the immediate circumstances in which the few surviving artworks were commissioned, or more broadly, but imprecisely, the extent to which his marriage and the dowry it brought, influenced his patronage. However, study of the ledger has not extended much beyond Morelli's marriage arrangements or exploited biographical information in his contemporary libro rosso (red book) ledger. Nor have studies engaged extensively with the substantial body of published research on the Morelli family and their political careers and social networks. Doing so provides a more holistic view of Morelli's youthful patronage, greater insight into how his personal, social and financial motivations for patronage were interrelated and gives rise to a new hypothesis about the intended destination for an early group of commissions whose purpose was not recorded by Morelli.

The idea of creative reflexivity and its psychological substantiation

The article argues the importance of the personality’s reflective potential as their ability to self-aware and adequately assess themselves and the surrounding world in order to act effectively in an unstable and rapidly changing natural environment and social environment. The p u r p o s e of the current investigation is the psychological substantiation of the idea of creative reflexivity as a guiding idea for the further conceptualization of the current subject field of the author’s research. The o b j e c t of study is psychodidactically actualized in the educational process of institutions of higher education the reflective potential and creative abilities of the future teacher’s personality, and its s u b j e c t is psychological conditions and peculiarities of the creative reflexivity development of the pedagogical college students in their system-creating center – a deed of creative reflection. At the same time, r e f l e x i v i t y at the level of a person is a quality, trait or state of consciousness, and r e f l e c t i o n is a mental or personal process; therefore, reflexivity is actualized and developed through the ability to reflect; then creative reflexivity is the potential for creative, non-standard, in-depth self-cognition and self-construction of a personal trait-property of an adult, namely as their original intellectual capacity for their own multiaspect self-awareness – mental and social experience, motivations and means of activity, psycho-emotional and intentional states, everyday and existential problems, process and results of one’s thinking-activity, etc. In their genesis, they go through a certain path of development from fragmentary, separate manifestations in the womb of other cognitive processes to their integral-self existence as a personality, primarily own needs, motives, deeds and as their ability for own self-awareness, self-development, self-improvement, self-creation. The methodological basis of the specialists’ creative reflexivity development in the socio-humanitarian sphere in general and of the future teacher in particular in the process of professional education within Higher education institutions is the cyclical-deed approach by A. V. Furman as the center of the post-non-classically oriented vita-cultural methodology, as well as the fundamental foundations of the modular-developmental system of education, which substantiates its social-cultural mission, based on the principles of mentality, spirituality, development, modularity.

How Corporate Social Responsibility Motivation Drives Customer Extra-Role Behavior and Green Purchase Intentions: The Role of Ethical Corporate Identity

This study investigates the relationship between the motives behind CSR and consumer extra-role behavior, as well as green purchase intention, specifically within the hospitality industry of an emerging market. This study uses two scenario-based experiments with high and low CSR fit contexts to examine how ethical corporate identity moderates the relationship. Both studies examine the impact of customers’ perceptions of a company’s CSR motivation (public-serving or firm-serving), on their extra-role behavior towards the company and intention to make green purchases. This influence is particularly relevant when the company actively communicates its ethical identity. The first study is conducted within a high-fit setting where the company’s locus aligns with its CSR program. In contrast, the second study replicates the research in a low-fit situation. The results indicate that CSR activities have a favorable effect on customer extra-role behavior and green purchasing intention, regardless of the CSR fit contexts. This effect is shown when the company’s ethical stance is known before engaging in CSR activities and when the goal is to serve the firm. Nevertheless, these endeavors demonstrate limited efficacy in prompting such conduct when the organization’s ethical identity remains implicit, even within a context driven by a desire to serve the public.

Exploring the psychological and social motivations for aesthetic treatments in the post-COVID era

Exploring the psychological and social motivations for aesthetic treatments in the post-COVID era

LEARNING OUTCOMES: SOCIAL SUPPORT, SELF-CONFIDENCE, AND ECONOMIC LEARNING MOTIVATION

This research aims to find out the indirect influence of Self-Confidence on Learning Outcomes through the economics learning motivation of Class XI Students at SMK Negeri 2 Jambi City. This type of research is causal associative using a quantitative approach. This research was conducted at SMK Negeri 2 Jambi City. The method used is a survey method through distributing questionnaires from a population and sample of 124 people, using a saturated sampling technique or census. Data processing uses SPSS Amos (Statistical Product and Service Solution) version 17.1 for Windows 8. The results of this research show that: 1) There is a significant positive influence between social support on learning outcomes of 0.455, t count > t table, namely 5,640 > 1.67. 2) There is a positive and significant influence between self-confidence on learning outcomes of 0.402, t count > t table, namely 4,849 > 1.675. 3) There is a positive and significant influence between motivation on learning outcomes of 0.419, t count > t table, namely 1.675 > 0.05. 4) There is a positive and significant influence between social support and motivation of 0.272, t count > t table, namely 3,119 > 1,655. 5) There is a positive and significant influence between the work environment on work motivation of 0.844, t count > t table, namely 10.177 > 2.015. 6) There is a positive and significant indirect effect between support for economic learning outcomes through motivation of 0.559, F hit > F table or 518.919 > 2.698. 7) There is a positive and significant indirect influence between self-confidence on learning outcomes through motivation of 0.504, F hit > F table or 18.919 > 2.68. This research concludes that there is a positive and significant influence between social support, self-confidence, and motivation for the economic learning outcomes of class XI students at SMK Negeri 2 Jambi City. Without ignoring other factors that can also influence Economics learning outcomes. In an effort to improve economic learning outcomes, students should increase their sense of ownership and awareness of responsibility and comply with applicable policies for the common good

The Phenomenon of COVID-19 Conspiracy Theory Narratives through Virtual Ethnography on Instagram

This study aims to investigate the conspiracy phenomenon of the COVID-19 pandemic as disseminated by the Instagram account @unexplnd. This account boasts 842 thousand followers and stands as one of the largest social media propagating the concept of COVID-19 conspiracy theories in Indonesia. Primary data is derived from posts on this account, and secondary data is obtained through interviews with four followers who actively engage in commenting and harbor beliefs in the existence of conspiracies. The research corpus is subsequently scrutinized employing the conceptual framework delineated by Douglas, Sutton, and Cichocka (2017), which delineates the emergence of conspiracies through epistemic, existential, and social motives. The findings of this investigation reveal that incidents perceived as random chance occurrences, motivated by the desire to preserve comfort and freedom, along with suspicion or resentment towards particular entities, serve as grounds for endorsing COVID-19 pandemic conspiracy theories. Furthermore, exposure to media presenting conspiracy theories, such as the Instagram account @unexplnd, contributes to an augmented belief in such theories among proponents. Conspiracy theorists desire to raise awareness among the general populace regarding conspiracy theories by disseminating information containing conspiracy narratives across various media channels.

Are women penalized for showing pride at work? Gender disparities in the competence‐warmth tradeoff

AbstractShowing pride at work clearly communicates personal success (i.e., high competence) and boosts status; yet some evidence suggests it can also signal self‐focus and insensitivity to others (i.e., low warmth). Prior scholars have proposed gender differences explain mixed findings, but with limited support. We propose that the benefit‐cost tradeoff depends on the displayer's gender in conjunction with the social context of the display. We test the contextualized dual‐signaling model of employee pride displays, uniquely assessing how the signaler's gender and receiver's social motives (between‐person comparisons) change first‐impressions of competence and warmth after one or repeated exposures (i.e., within‐person comparisons). Study 1 was a 2 (signaler gender) by 2 (signal context) design obtaining judgments before and after seeing a dynamic pride display. Pride displays increased competence similarly across employee gender, but women saw significantly greater costs to warmth when displays were public (i.e., coworkers present), a violation of gender norms. In Study 2, we replicate this finding regardless of whether coworkers were collaborators or competitors (between‐person), and found repeated displays increase the warmth cost for women and the competence gains for men. In Study 3, we compare the costs for women of confirming gender norms for warmth (i.e., happiness display) or violating gender norms for warmth but conforming to leader norms for competence (i.e., pride display). Results suggest “happy” women are preferred as leaders over “proud” women despite higher competence. We clarify mixed findings and confirm the need for contextualized theory to understand gender differences in pride displays and career trajectories.

SETBP1 haploinsufficiency and related disorders clinical and neurobehavioral phenotype study.

To comprehensively investigate the neurodevelopmental profile and clinical characteristics associated with SETBP1 haploinsufficiency disorder (SETBP1-HD) and SETBP1-related disorders (SETBP1-RD). We reported genetic results on 34 individuals, with behavior and clinical data from 22 with SETBP1-HD and 5 with SETBP1-RD, by assessing results from medical history interviews and standardized adaptive, clinical, and social measures provided from Simons Searchlight. All individuals with SETBP1-HD and SETBP1-RD exhibited neurological impairments including intellectual disability/developmental delay (IDD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and/or seizures, as well as speech and language delays. While restricted interests and repetitive behaviors present challenges, a relative strength was observed in social motivation within both cohorts. Individuals with SETBP1-RD reported a risk for heart issues and compared to SETBP1-HD greater risks for orthopedic and somatic issues with greater difficulty in bowel control. Higher rates for neonatal feeding difficulties and febrile seizures were reported for individuals with SETBP1-HD. Additional prominent characteristics included sleep, vision, and gastrointestinal issues, hypotonia, and high pain tolerance. This characterization of phenotypic overlap (IDD, speech challenges, autistic, and attention deficit traits) and differentiation (somatic and heart issue risks for SETBP1-RD) between the distinct neurodevelopmental disorders SETBP1-HD and SETBP1-RD is critical for medical management and diagnosis.

How do social and parasocial relationships on TikTok impact the well-being of university students? The roles of algorithm awareness and compulsive use

Social media now has emerged as one of the most widely used communication channels. The objective of this work is to verify the factors that influence the compulsive use of TikTok, as well as the mediating role of algorithm awareness, and to identify the predictors of well-being related to the use of TikTok. In the present work, the relevance of the study of PSRs and FoMO that affect the compulsive use of TikTok in young people is discussed. A total of 379 young university students (56.7 % girls) between 15 and 25 years old (M = 19.80; S.D. = 1.49) were surveyed using self-reports. Data treatment followed serial mediation through structural equation modeling. The results showed that exist significant relationships between these variables. Likewise, they reinforce the understanding of the diversity of the mechanisms of social and parasocial motivations on compulsive use and well-being. The results highlight the need to strengthen the training and education of young people in the appropriate and regulated use of TikTok in the university setting.

STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF BRITISH TOPONYMS

The article is devoted to the review of structural and semantic features of British toponyms. The study of toponyms helps to understand the linguistic image of the world, highlighting ethnic experience and culture. Toponyms are important as means of transmitting historical, cultural, and other information across generations, which makes their study relevant in linguistics. The proper names of British territories are very diverse, as the country has been home to various civilizations and peoples for many centuries, each of which contributed to the language through their own names. In this work, 200 toponyms from three regions of Great Britain were investigated. According to the origin, the researched toponyms are divided into native and borrowed. Native proper names predominate in England, while toponyms of Scandinavian origin are found in the northern regions and the west of the country. Wales and Scotland are characterized mainly by Celtic names. Borrowed toponyms are distinguished according to four linguistic sources: Celtic, Latin, Scandinavian and Norman-French. English contains more loanwords because it is open to receiving words from other languages due to contact with other cultures and colonial heritage. In general, people who named geographical objects were guided by the features of the landscape where this object was located. This category of toponyms occurs in all three parts of Britain and has many subgroups. The emergence of this group is a logical consequence of the fact that the ancestors of the British named their surroundings according to what they saw. When creating and choosing toponyms, a certain pragmatic orientation can be observed, which depends on various factors, such as the historical context of naming, the level of cultural development, social, political, religious or patriotic motives of persons who give certain names to geographical objects. This layer of vocabulary is of great interest to researchers because it can collect linguistic, sociocultural and historical experience.

The appeal of blurred imagery: Enhancing advertising and brand attitudes for luxury goods

Blurred imagery is a commonly employed tactic by luxury marketers. Yet, there has been little research on how blurred imagery in advertising is processed by consumers and whether it yields positive results. To address this gap, we look at whether the effect of the use of blurred imagery depends on the type of luxury goods being promoted and on the degree to which an individual consumer is motivated by social influence motives. We first conduct an image-analytics study to examine whether the level of blurring in a luxury-goods images influences the liking of images. Using a theoretical framework based on perceptual fit, two additional studies examine the impact of blurred imagery on ad and brand attitudes. The results show that for luxury products consumed privately and among consumers with low conspicuity, there is a stronger perceptual fit for blurred imagery in an advertisement, thereby resulting in more positive attitudes toward the ad and the brand.

Educational Needs of the Adolescent Transplant Recipient: A Developmental Approach to Understanding Transplant.

As pediatric transplant patients reach adolescence, care teams must prepare them for an eventual transition to adult-oriented care. Care teams must provide patients with the necessary knowledge and skills to manage their medical needs independently, but the level of learning required to successfully self-manage a transplant is substantial. Furthermore, adolescence is also a dynamic developmental period that includes significant cognitive development and changes in social motivations. Within this report, we offer insights into some of the key developmental mechanisms of adolescence that may influence their learning in a medical context. We also review key concepts that should be included in patient education across a range of domains. Finally, we consider how patients with comorbid developmental disorders may require tailored education. Key domains for education include (1) personal health history, (2) medication knowledge/adherence, (3) navigation of the healthcare system, and (4) communication with others about their health. Teams should intentionally track patient progress in their education, although few formalized tools are currently available to support tracking. Accommodations to learning for patients with developmental needs include varied instructional modalities (e.g., verbal, written, and modeling), opportunities to practice skills in a controlled manner, and establishment of family/community support that can persist into adulthood. Education of transplant patients is a critical but long-term process that supports the successful transition to adulthood. Care teams should develop intentional plans to transfer knowledge and build skills across adolescence, while remaining open to adaptive approaches to support the learning of all patients.

Understanding the dynamic process of human behavior changes towards disaster preparedness: An application of the integrated TTM with SCT and PMT

Integrating the Transtheoretical Model with Social Cognitive Theory and Protection Motivation Theory, we propose a new model to study the progress of behavior changes towards disaster preparedness along three developmental stages: from “not prepared” (NP), to “intention to prepare” (IP), to “already prepared” (AP). Using the 2021 National Household Survey data (FEMA, N = 6,180), we tested this model by employing a series of nested weighted generalized ordered logistic regressions. We found that, although Hispanics have a larger prevalence of IP than their non-Hispanic white counterparts, they are less likely to move to the AP stage. The observed ethnic disparity is largely due to the disparities in actual behavioral capabilities in essential knowledge and access to resources between the two groups. Personal disaster experience, social/observational learning, self-efficacy, and risk perception each facilitate behavior changes from the NP to IP or AP stage (i.e., departure from NP stage) and from NP or IP stage to AP stage (i.e., arrival at AP stage). Although income does not necessarily influence one's decision to depart from the NP stage, it determines one's arrival at the AP stage. Increasing one's income further boosts the realization of AP for people with high-risk perceptions. However, for people with moderate or low levels of risk perceptions, increased income did not lead to arrival at the AP stage. Additional research is needed to more fully apply this process-oriented approach with new measurement introduced in this paper to study the behavior changes among subpopulations in exposure to specific hazards.

Stress-related gene regulation: Do isolated and connected individuals differ?

BackgroundSocial isolation and loneliness (known as social disconnection, collectively) lead to serious downstream health effects, including shortening of lifespan and higher risk for cardiac disease. We must better understand how isolation and loneliness lead to these negative health outcomes. Previous literature has demonstrated that social motivation and social ability are contributors to the likelihood of social isolation and loneliness. We examined the effect of the above social factors on immune gene expression in socially-connected and −isolated individuals. MethodsRecruitment occurred via two online advertisements, one for socially isolated individuals and another for general research participants. Participants (n = 102) were separated into groups (isolated versus connected) based on which ad they responded to, and provided data on isolation, loneliness, social motivation, and social ability. The Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity (CTRA) stress gene regulation program was assessed with genome-wide transcriptional profiling. ResultsCTRA gene expression patterns were reversed between connected and isolated groups across several variables. Social isolation was associated with higher CTRA levels in the connected group, but lower levels in the isolated group. Social approach was associated with lower CTRA levels in the connected group, but higher in the isolated group, and the converse was true for social avoidance. CTRA levels were minimally affected by social ability measures. ConclusionPrior work on social isolation and loneliness has focused on loneliness and has identified many negative downstream health effects. In this study we demonstrate that objective social isolation may not be associated with the same negative downstream health effects, and in fact, social interaction may be more stressful than social isolation for some socially-isolated individuals.

Who's leading whom? Mutual influences in moral decision-making between leaders and subordinates over time and the role of self-interest

Ethical behavior within groups is shaped by various situational and social factors, including hierarchy and power asymmetries. We present three preregistered studies (Ntotal = 1253) examining the social dynamics that affect ethical decision-making in hierarchical dyads, employing two novel collaborative cheating tasks. In the first two studies, we find evidence that individuals mutually influenced each other's honesty across repeated interactions, even though they had different power over the outcomes. In addition, the degree and direction of these influences were moderated by the ethical make-up of these dyads. Moreover, there were congruency effects for character judgments, wherein dyads engaging in collaborative cheating behaviors tended to evaluate each other positively, particularly in terms of competence and closeness. In a third study, manipulating whether ignoring cheating is beneficial to an observer or not, we find that observers were less inclined to verify (vs. rely on) potentially dishonest reports when they themselves benefitted from dishonest reporting. In addition, individuals benefiting from dishonest behavior formed close bonds with them, evaluating them positively and contributing more money in a subsequent public goods game. This research illuminates the intricate interplay of social dynamics, ethical orientations, and motivations in hierarchical relationships, offering insights for understanding and managing ethical decision-making in various contexts.

Motivations to Enhance One’s Facial Hair: Affiliation, Rivalry, and Stress

Facial hair is a sexually dimorphic trait with potential evolutionary and sociocultural functions. Bearded men are perceived as dominant, aggressive, and masculine, but also as having better parenting skills. Men may intentionally manage the amount and shape of their facial hair as a part of their self-promotion strategy; however, facial hair management entails costs in terms of time, effort, and money. We explored psychological factors associated with facial hair enhancement motivation among men. A total of 414 men (aged 18–40 years) reported the current amount of their facial hair along with their facial hair enhancement motivations, gender role stress, intrasexual competitiveness, and fundamental social motives. Willingness to care for facial hair was associated with the amount of facial hair men claimed to have and correlated with the fundamental social motives of affiliation and social status, intrasexual competition, and gender role stress. Therefore, facial hair enhancement may be regarded as a self-presentation strategy aimed at acquiring a beneficial position in social networks.

Ethiopian High School Students’ Reading Motivation and Their Reading Achievement in EFL Classes

This study examined the relationship between Ethiopian grade 9 students’ reading motivation domains and their reading achievement in EFL classes. A sample of 120 9th graders of Debre Eba Secondary School in Debre Berhan town, participated in the study. Employing a correlational type of design, the study utilized questionnaire and reading achievement test to collect data. SPSS (Version, 25) was used to analyze data. The findings revealed that students’ reading motivation domains were significantly associated to reading achievement. The aspects i.e. extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy and social motivation were positively and significantly related to reading achievement. However, a negative and non-significant correlation was found between reading avoidance and reading achievement. It was also found that students’ reading motivation domains together predicted their reading achievement. Thus, it can be concluded that students’ reading motivation domains are related to reading achievement while reading texts in EFL classes. Besides, the reading motivation aspects in combination are predictors of reading achievement. Finally, the study suggests that reading motivation strategies should be given critical attention in order to improve secondary school students’ reading comprehension and achievement.