Social Mobility Models Research Articles

Socioeconomic Position and Oral Health in Chinese Older Adults: A Life Course Approach.

We investigated associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) across childhood, adulthood, and older age and number of teeth among Chinese older adults. Data came from 15,136 participants aged 65 to 105 y in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2018 wave). The outcome was number of teeth. Pathways and sensitive period models were tested simultaneously via structural equation modeling. Ordinal logistic regression assessed the accumulation of risk and social mobility models. Differences were examined across 4 birth cohorts. Adult and older age SEP had direct effects on number of teeth in older age (adulthood, direct β = 0.182, P < 0.001; older age, direct β = 0.093, P = 0.005), supporting the sensitive period model. Childhood SEP had an indirect effect on number of teeth (indirect β = 0.130, P < 0.001) through adult and older age SEP, supporting the pathway/accumulation of risk and social mobility models. Effects of SEP on number of teeth were more pronounced in younger cohorts. Graded associations in the expected directions were found between the number of periods in which participants experienced disadvantaged SEP and number of teeth, as well as social mobility trajectories and number of teeth. Among Chinese older adults, the number of remaining teeth is subject to marked social inequalities. Our findings document the simultaneous applicability of life course models and a widening of oral health inequalities in China across generations. Interventions earlier in child and adult life are needed to address this problem and reduce oral health inequalities. The findings of this study suggest marked socioeconomic inequalities in oral health among Chinese older adults. These inequalities are generated throughout the life course and appear to have widened across cohorts. This study emphasizes that interventions are needed to address the social determinants of oral health at all life stages.

The relationship between childhood SES and health in middle and old age: evidence from China.

Drawing from the extended Grossman health capital and demand theory and the life course theory, this study examined whether childhood SES has direct and significant correlation with health in middle and old age in a specific historical context in China. A sample of 9,861 respondents was obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Childhood SES was measured by objective indices of recall. Health was assessed by self-reported, physician diagnosis and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was used to estimate the treatment effect between childhood SES and later life health. The Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method was employed to examine the associative mediation effects. Compared to respondents with low SES in childhood, respondents with high SES in childhood had, on average, 5.1% more likely to report their health as good, an average 2.4% lower prevalence of chronic diseases and an average 7.6% lower in the score of depression in middle and old age. The indirect relationships of childhood health, adulthood SES and adulthood lifestyle with health in middle and old age were all significant. SES upward mobility in adulthood can diminish the association between childhood disadvantage and poor health in middle and old age. The health effects of childhood SES can persist into middle and old age, this is more noticeable in rural areas, particularly in females. The critical period, cumulative risk and social mobility models produce synergistic effects in China. Our results also promote a paradigm shift in health interventions from old age to early life for health-vulnerable populations.

Poverty Dynamics and Caries Status in Young Adolescents.

To investigate whether timing, accumulation and trajectories of poverty are associated with dental caries in young adolescents. The study was conducted within the Generation R Study, which is an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study conducted in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. This study included 2653 children. Information about household income and number of children and adults living in a household at six time points from pregnancy to 13 years old was retrieved from parental questionnaires to construct the poverty variable. Dental caries was assessed with the decayed, missing and filled teeth index through intraoral photographs at the age of 13 years. Sociodemographic and oral health-related characteristics were included as possible confounders. The association between poverty and dental caries was analysed on the basis of the three lifecourse theories, that is, critical period, cumulative risk and social mobility model. For the latter, we used latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to identify poverty trajectories over time. Next, the associations were studied with Hurdle Negative Binomial Models. Poverty at birth and intermittent poverty up to the age of 13 were significantly associated with dental caries at 13 years of age (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01-1.99; OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01-1.83 respectively) and with an increased mean number of decayed teeth by 34% (95% CI 1.02-1.76; 95% CI 1.05-1.71, respectively). LCGA showed four trajectories for the probabilities of poverty. All trajectories were significantly associated with dental caries at 13 years of age, with the 'downward mobility' trajectory showing the strongest association with dental caries (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05-2.29) and an increasing mean number of decayed teeth by 58% (95% CI 1.18-2.12) than the 'stable absent' trajectory. Poverty at birth, intermittent poverty and downward poverty trajectory were associated with higher odds and higher mean number of decayed teeth at 13 years of age. The three lifecourse models influenced dental caries status during adolescence, hence strategies and policies targeted to improve socioeconomic conditions on deprived children should be implemented.

Impact of childhood and adult socioeconomic position on change in functional aging.

To examine life-course models by investigating the roles of childhood and adult socioeconomic position (SEP) in longitudinal changes in a functional aging index. Up to eight waves of testing, covering 25 years, were available from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging: N = 654, intake age = 50-82. A two-slope latent growth curve model was applied to the data, and the impact of including childhood and adult SEP as covariates of the intercept (at age 70) and slopes (before and after age 70) was tested. Both childhood and adult SEP contributed to the best-fitting model. Childhood SEP was significantly associated with intercept and Slope 1 (before age 70) of the latent growth curve model (p < .05). Association of adult SEP with Slope 2 (after age 70) trended toward significance (p < .10). There was a significant interaction effect of childhood and adult SEP on the intercept (p < .05). As a result, intercept at age 70 was highest and change after age 70 was fastest for those whose SEP decreased from childhood to adulthood. Both childhood and adult SEP impact change in functional abilities with age, supporting both critical period and social mobility models. The social environment is modifiable by policies at local, national, and international levels, and these policies need to recognize that early social disadvantage can have long-lasting health impacts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Самореализация обучающихся вуза в ракурсе государственной молодежной политики

Introduction: there has been a rise of the universities role in ensuring the basic goal of the state youth policy – in creating conditions for the self-realization of student youth. But do the state goals declared in the fundamental regulatory documents on youth policy in universities correspond to the ideas of student youth about their prospects, plans and opportunities? Objectives: to consider and analyze the ideas of young people about values, competencies, targets and conditions of self-realization at the university in the context of the state youth policy implementation. Methods: sociological method, systematic and comparative analysis. The empirical base of the study are the results of an online survey of students in five Russian cities: St. Petersburg, Belgorod, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk and Khabarovsk (n = 1743 people, 2023). Results: the study showed that the most important for students are the basic values: health, well-being, material prosperity and well-being, family, freedom and independence, friends and communication. Based on cluster analysis, groups of students were identified that differ in their assessments of acquired competencies: “pragmatists” (41.2 %), “conformists” (46.7 %) and “organized performers” (12.1 %). Conclusions: students goals and values are shifted towards pragmatism, individualism and freedom of activity. Such motivational and motivating components as innovation, creativity, hard work and empathy remain outside the students attention. Only one fifth of students are engaged actively in constructive forms of self-organization; less than half are satisfied with the quality of their education, and one third note the lack of assistance in building an individual professional and career trajectory. As part of the state youth policy implementation, a new model of social mobility should be developed, social elevators should be proposed and guaranteed to ensure the advancement of young people to their intended goals.

A STRUCTURED APPROACH TO EVALUATING LIFE COURSE INFLUENCES ON DNA METHYLATION AGE ACCELERATION

Abstract Lower socio-economic position (SEP) is associated with increased biological age acceleration measured using DNA methylation (DNAm). Prior studies using cohorts from the US and UK have shown a relationship between social mobility and DNAm age acceleration such that those who experienced upward mobility exhibited slower biological aging relative to continuously advantage groups while those with disadvantaged SEP across the life course experienced the most rapid DNAm age acceleration. However, using a social mobility model, it is not clear to what extent childhood may be a sensitive period for the impact of social disadvantage on DNA methylation or whether an accumulation of disadvantage hypothesis is consistent with the data. In this study, we apply a structured life-course modeling approach (SLCMA), a theory-driven analytical method that compares life course hypotheses of time-dependent exposure-outcome relationships, to determine whether early life is a sensitive period for DNAm modification using data from approximately 4,000 participants of the 2016 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Venous Blood Study. We hypothesize that childhood is a sensitive period during which exposure to lower socio-economic position results in greater DNAm changes. We compare this to alternative hypotheses including the accumulation of disadvantage, in which the effect of low SEP increases with the duration of exposure, and the recency of disadvantage, in which the effect of low SEP is stronger for exposure in later life.

The mediating effect of allostatic load on the association between life course socioeconomic disadvantage and chronic pain: a prospective finding from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States.

Socioeconomic disadvantages (SEDs) are associated with chronic pain (CP) and allostatic load (AL). Few prospective population-based studies have examined the relationship between life course SED, CP interference, and CP widespreadness, and there is no prospective population-based study on whether AL mediates the association between SED and CP. In this study, we investigated whether the prospective effect of SED on CP at Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) 3 is consistent with the accumulation of risk model and social mobility model, using the National Survey of MIDUS (n = 593). To prepare for the mediation analysis, we tested (1) whether SED would be prospectively associated with AL in the MIDUS 2 biomarker project, (2) whether AL would be prospectively associated with CP, and (3) whether childhood, as a critical period, moderated the association between AL and CP. In addition, the mediating effect of AL on the association between SED and CP was examined. SED was measured using cumulative scores and disadvantage trajectories derived from latent class trajectory modeling (LCTM). After multiple imputations, analyses were conducted using multinomial logistic regression for CP and negative binomial regression for AL, respectively. Finally, mediation analyses and moderated mediation analyses were performed. LCTM identified three SED trajectories, namely, constant low, high to low, and medium to high. The results showed that proximal cumulative SED was associated with high-interference CP. Furthermore, compared with the group with constant low SED, the group with medium-to-high SED was significantly associated with high-interference pain and experienced pain in at least three different sites. Cumulative SED and deteriorating SED trajectories were associated with higher AL, consistent with previous studies. Furthermore, childhood SED moderated the effect of AL on CP widespreadness and unexpectedly demonstrated a protective effect, while other associations between AL and CP were not significant. Subsequent mediation analysis did not yield statistically significant evidence. People who experienced more recent SED or increasing disadvantage throughout their lives were more likely to suffer from CP, and this association was not mediated by physiological system dysregulation caused by chronic stress. Therefore, measures to alleviate AL may not be effective in protecting socioeconomically disadvantaged populations from CP.

Testing effectiveness of social mobility and communication orientation model using problem-based learning for the visual impairment students

This study aims to test the effectiveness of the social mobility and communication orientation model based on internet mobile application technology (IT-SMCOM) for problem-based learning in Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Unesa) campus environment. This research method measures the effectiveness of internet mobile application technology for problem-based learning in Unesa campus environment. The results of expert validation test data and performance tests were analyzed using a descriptive form of percentage assessment of the observer team. The test results of media product experts and practitioners scored 100% excellently, and Special Education experts scored 87%. Then the effectiveness test through main field testing five visually impaired students affected by the Covid 19 pandemic scored 93% excellent (1 person), a score of 75% good (2 people), and a score of 62% adequate (2 people). Operational field testing, ten people from the Indonesian visual impairment association group and the Surabaya and Sidoarjo inclusive high school groups scored 100% excellent (one person), score 94% very good (three people), score 81% good (one person) and score 81%-84% very good (three people), score 65%- 70% adequate (two people), The conclusion of the results of data analysis of expert validation tests, practitioners suggest that the product is feasible to be tested in the field. The product effectiveness test shows that the product trial results depend on the development of the behavior and characteristics of each individual with visual impairment. Keywords: visual impairment, social, mobility, orientation, communication

The implementation of mobile apps for visually impaired students’ mobility in undergraduate programme, Faculty of Education

This study aims to test the results of mobile applications, namely social mobility and communication orientation models that can be used on android mobiles. This application is applied for problem-solving learning in understanding the concept of a campus environment for undergraduate visually impaired students majoring in special education, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. This research was conducted to measure the feasibility of a mobile application implemented through a questionnaire; then it was reviewed by a validation expert. Furthermore, performance test was conducted in order to be tested by the users. The application was deliberately created so that it can be operated via a cell phone. Based on the process of validity testing and practicality evaluation of the mobile application by the validator (electrical engineer) of all assessment items, the score obtained was 3.3 (good results). Meanwhile, the assessment to test application users as practitioners obtained a score of 3.2 (good results). Thus, it can be concluded that the application of the social mobility orientation model and mobile application-based communication to solve the problem of understanding the campus environment concept in the Special Education Department of undergraduate students for visually impaired students proved its worthiness.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Social mobility and communication, mobile apps.

Temporality of social care in the pandemic context of urbanism and culture of inclusion

The article presents the results of the sociological analysis of the temporal aspects of social care in the new conditions of the pandemic reality. The pandemic is considered as a set of conditions and factors that determine the specific dynamics of societal transformations that affect almost all aspects of the life of society including its temporality - the present and future. Digital technologies, distant models of social relations, mobility and cohesion become priorities for social policy and social care. The pandemic, on the one hand, exacerbates social inequality, on the other hand, levels it out in the ways of self-realization (network technologies), ways of obtaining benefits, primarily from the state (digital social, financial and other services). The pandemic has a binary impact on the practices of social care, programs and technologies for social services, social support, social assistance, and social protection. These practices are most effectively carried out in urbanized areas, where the quality of social care is partly determined by the quality and availability of the relevant urban infrastructure. Based on the results of the new Russian and foreign research presented at the conference under review, the forms, values and resources of social care in the pandemic society are described together with the specifics of distant culture and social inequality in the contemporary city, barriers to mobility (digital, social-perceptual, social-legal), challenges, actors and discourses of social work, lockdowns of social life.

Influences of Financial Strains Over the Life Course Before Initiating Hemodialysis on Health Outcomes Among Older Japanese Patients: A Retrospective Study in Japan.

PurposeThis study analyzed the influence of financial strains over the life course before initiating hemodialysis on the health outcomes of older Japanese patients. This study was limited to financial strains over the life course before initiating hemodialysis to eliminate the influence of financial strains resulting from resignation from paid jobs. We examined which of the four life course models—pathway, latent, social mobility, and accumulation—were appropriate to describe the influences of financial strains over the life course on older patients’ health.Patients and MethodsData were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 6,644 outpatients in dialysis facilities across Japan. We selected participants aged 60 years and older at the time of the survey. Numbers of dialysis complications, activities of daily living (ADL) disability, and depressive symptoms were selected as health outcomes. Benchmark periods over the life course were constructed in three parts: less than 18 years (childhood), 18–35 years (young adults), and 35–50 years (middle-aged). We retrospectively measured financial strains over the life course.ResultsPathway models best described the influence of financial strains over the life course on the three types of health outcomes. Experiences of financial strains as young adults had a direct influence on ADL disability of older patients. This result supports latent models. Social mobility models (upward and downward mobility) and accumulation models explained the number of dialysis complications, ADL disability, and depressive symptoms in older patients.ConclusionThese results suggest that socioeconomic disadvantages over the life course before initiating hemodialysis were significantly associated with health outcomes in older patients.

A Sustainable Model of Urban Public Mobility in Uzbekistan

New mobility technologies and solutions are revolutionizing the way people and goods move around cities. However, due to their lack of maturity, they are not able to respond to the growing needs and challenges of urban public mobility and are adding even more pressure. As a result, the urban mobility model remains under stress, with increasing levels of congestion, pollution and accidents. This stress will be further increased by increased urban concentration and economic activity resulting from new consumption patterns. In this article, solutions and initiatives are proposed that will enable Uzbekistan cities to be equipped with an integral model of social and sustainable mobility.

Teachers’ Narratives of Life Satisfaction, Social Mobility, and Practical Sense of Inequalities in Chile

The academic literature argues that understandings of the subjective experience of social mobility differ from objective measure of social mobility – based on occupational patterns of movement – because people tend to conflate changes of the social structure (social change) and changes within the social structure (social mobility), resulting in a limited sense of social inequalities. This article explores subjective understandings of social mobility through the lens of Chilean school-teachers’ narratives of their life trajectories. Methodologically, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 41 teachers who live in Santiago. They were also asked to draw a timeline with the main transitions in their lives. The findings of this article show that teachers’ evaluations of their trajectories are first expressed as narratives relating to their life satisfaction. Differential forms of social comparison that emerge from teachers’ evaluations of their trajectories reveal how people position themselves within a broader structure of social inequalities. In consequence, teachers’ evaluations of their trajectories contain implicit or explicit narratives of social mobility which are often bound up with a subjective sense of social change and life-course change. This article demonstrates that lay understandings of social mobility potentially illuminate academic understandings, by addressing a multidimensional and fluid model of social mobility as well as the practical experiences of inequalities that frame people’s everyday lives.

The New Social Mobility: How Communist Policies Changed the Landscape of Romanian Society in the 50s and 60s

The economic policies of the communist regime in Romania had a powerful impact on society, transforming it in many regards: behaviorally, professionally, demographically, etc. In this study we propose an analysis of how the ‘new worker’ was constructed, migration to cities and the relationship with the old workforce. For the purposes of our research, we focused on the case‑study of Cluj, taking advantage of its ethnic diversity which offers an extra layer for the analysis, but also because the city had an industrial sector before the communist period. Firstly, we aimed at explaining the demographic process through which a large number of people from the countryside moved to cities in search for an industrial job. This phenomenon can be linked to the effects of collectivization, which changed the social mobility model, as it dissolved the right to own land. Secondly, we aim to understand the ample process of integrating new workers in production and their tense relationship with the old proletariat. This must be understood within the context of urbanization, of migrants and the ‘ruralization of cities.’ The last element brought into discussion will be regarding the role played by old specialists in communist industrialization. Here we will focus on the interesting case of Dezideriu Jenei, chief‑engineer at Tehnofrig, one of the few examples we can retrace from the archives.

Socioeconomic status and body mass index life course models: the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort.

This article aims to assess the relationship between an individual's socioeconomic status over their life-course and their body mass index (BMI) at 22 years of age, according to the hypotheses generated by risk accumulation, critical period, and social mobility models. This was a population-based prospective study based on the Pelotas (Brazil) 1993 birth cohort. The risk accumulation, critical period, and social mobility models were tested in relation to a saturated model and compared with a partial F-test. After the best model was chosen, linear regression was carried out to determine the crude and adjusted regression coefficients of the association between socioeconomic status over the life-course and BMI at 22 years of age. The sample was comprised of 3,292 individuals (53.3% women). We found dose-response effect for both men and women, although the results were opposite. Among men, a lower score in socioeconomic status accumulation model led to a lower BMI average at 22 years of age; whereas among women, a lower score in socioeconomic status accumulation model caused an increase in BMI at 22 years of age.

Multigenerational Social Mobility: A Demographic Approach.

Most social mobility studies take a two-generation perspective, in which intergenerational relationships are represented by the association between parents’ and offspring’s socioeconomic status. This approach, albeit widely adopted in the literature, has serious limitations when more than two generations of families are considered. In particular, it ignores the role of families’ demographic behaviors in moderating mobility outcomes and the joint role of mobility and demography in shaping long-run family and population processes. This paper provides a demographic approach to the study of multigenerational social mobility, incorporating demographic mechanisms of births, deaths, and mating into statistical models of social mobility. Compared to previous mobility models for estimating the probability of offspring’s mobility conditional on parent’s social class, the proposed joint demography-mobility model treats the number of offspring in various social classes as the outcome of interest. This new approach shows the extent to which demographic processes may amplify or dampen the effects of family socioeconomic positions due to the direction and strength of the interaction between mobility and differentials in demographic behaviors. I illustrate various demographic methods for studying multigenerational mobility with empirical examples using the IPUMS linked historical U.S. census representative samples (1850 to 1930), the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1968 to 2015), and simulation data that show other possible scenarios resulting from demography-mobility interactions.

Socioeconomic disadvantages over the life-course and their influence on obesity among older Hong Kong Chinese adults.

The life-course perspective on socioeconomic inequality in health is a burgeoning field of research. Nonetheless, the three classic life-course models (i.e. sensitive period, cumulative risk and social mobility models) have rarely been simultaneously applied to studies on obesity. Therefore, this study examined the associations of socioeconomic positions (SEPs) across life stages and their associated life-course models with both general and abdominal obesity. Face-to-face interviews were conducted among 1077 community-dwelling adults aged 50 or above during 2014-15 in Hong Kong. Experiences of poverty, educational attainment and deprivation of necessities represented respondents' SEP in childhood, early adulthood and late adulthood, respectively. General and abdominal obesity were defined as body mass index ≥25 kg m-2 and waist-to-height ratio >0.5. Multivariable modified Poisson regression with a robust error variance was performed. Respondents with low childhood SEP tended to have reduced risk of general obesity [relative risk (RR) = 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.72-1.00], whereas those with low childhood SEP and low late-adulthood SEP tended to have increased risk of abdominal obesity (RR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.00-1.21 and RR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.03-1.26, respectively). Cumulative socioeconomic disadvantages showed a dose-response relationship with abdominal obesity. Also, those with upward socioeconomic mobility had lower risk of abdominal obesity, whereas those with downward socioeconomic mobility had greater risk. Low SEP, especially in childhood, exerted contrasting effects on general and abdominal obesity among older Hong Kong Chinese adults. The three life-course models operated simultaneously in determining the risk of abdominal obesity, while support for cumulative risk and social mobility models was weak in general obesity.

Els mercaders catalans i la cultura de l’Edat Mitjana al Renaixement

L'étude des marchands du Moyen-Age a souvent souffert des déformations dues à l'image qu'on leur attribuait d'agents économiques pré-capitalistes dont le comportement était inspiré par des valeurs culturelles bourgeoises. En se basant sur une définition plus rigoureuse de ce groupe social, cet article prend comme exemple la Barcelone médiévale et tente de développer une hypothèse concernant l'évolution des marchands à travers la crise de la fin du Moyen-Age et du début de la Renaissance. Il cherche à établir un rapport entre les modèles dominants de la mobilité sociale avec l'identité politique d'une cité médiévale et la culture carac­téristique des marchands. De cette manière l'article établit un modèle dynamique dans lequel le rôle social d'un marchand-entrepreneur ouvert aux risques est com­paré à un modèle d'avancement social tel celui d'un rentier noble et finalement aristocrate. Ce processus est interprété a la lumière de l'évolution de la Couronne d 'Aragon et à travers la dernière crise de l'époque médiévale et celle des siècles suivants, et souligne, d'une part la précarité de Barcelone en tant que centre éco­nomique, et d'autre part l'échec politique d'un modèle de coopération entre une monarchie féodale et des marchands autonomes forme caractéristique pendant cette période d'expansion. C’est, dans ce contexte, à travers l'analyse de l'inventaire de leur bibliothèque que l'évolution de ces marchands de Barcelone a été étudiée. Il faut souligner le remarquable niveau de lecture qui existait à la fin du quator­zième siècle et au quinzième. L'univers moral de ces marchands peut se caractéri­ser par la combinaison d'une piété chrétienne alliée à une sorte d'attitude utilita­riste, qui semble avoir été orchestré par l'argumentation cléricale d'auteurs influents tels que Francesc Eiximenis. Avec la décadence politique des marchands en tant que groupe social et dans le contexte du milieu de la Renaissance, il y a eu toutefois une confirmation de la tendance à la médiocrité culturelle.

PATTERNS OF WEALTH TRAJECTORY IN LATER LIFE: CRITICAL PERIOD, ACCUMULATION, AND SOCIAL MOBILITY MODELS

Wealth, an important financial cushion for older adults to buffer economic stress, requires a longer time to accumulate and develop in one’s course of life. However, little is known about the trajectories of wealth in later life, and how the life course socioeconomic status (SES) may contribute to the development of wealth at old-age. This study investigated longitudinal patterns of wealth trajectory and whether SES across the life course affects these trajectories using critical period, accumulation, and social mobility models. Using data from 16,189 adults aged 51 and older from the 2004-2014 Health and Retirement Study, a growth mixture model was used to explore distinct wealth trajectories. Impacts of life course models were studied using multinomial logistic regression. Results showed that four heterogeneous latent classes of wealth were identified: Stable high (reference group), Low and increasing, Stable low, and High but decline. Disadvantaged adulthood SES, accumulated exposure to socioeconomic risks, and downward or persistent socioeconomic disadvantage over the life course were associated with Stable low, Low and increasing, and High but decline, supporting all three life course mechanisms on wealth development in later life. Evidence suggests that wealth development is heterogeneous across individuals, and a strong gradient effect of life-course SES on wealth trajectories are clearly observed. Programs and policies should address the effects of life course on wealth development to strengthen the economic well-being in later life.

208 Life Course Socioeconomic Position and Allostatic Load Burden

Abstract Background Allostatic load (AL) is a measure of cumulative physiological dysregulation that is posited to capture the ‘wear and tear’ on the body resulting from exposure to chronic stress. AL has been shown to predict disease, morbidity and mortality. Multiple studies have shown an inverse relationship between AL and SEP, but few have examined the life course social patterning of AL. Methods Using baseline data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), an AL index was calculated by summing the number of biomarkers for which respondents fell within high risk quartiles. 17 biomarkers were examined, representing cardiovascular, immune, metabolic and parasympathetic nervous systems. SEP and life course trajectories were determined using father’s occupation (at age 14) and current occupation, which were aggregated to create four categories of social mobility; stable high, downwardly mobile, upwardly mobile and stable low. Negative binomial regression models were fitted for each of the life course models of critical period, accumulation and social mobility, to examine the associations between SEP and AL (n=3,282). Results Higher SEP was associated with lower AL. A significant association between origin SEP and later life remained after controlling for destination SEP. The ‘stable high’ across the life course had the lowest AL burden, the ‘stable low’ had the highest burden, and the mobile groups ranked intermediate. Conclusion Findings suggest childhood to be a sensitive period for the embedding of early life disadvantage. The accumulation hypothesis suggests that those who spend more time disadvantaged fair worse in terms of health. This study supports this hypothesis, as those who were stable low / stable high were in the worst / best health respectively.