Abstract
This article aims to assess the relationship between an individual's socioeconomic status over their life-course and their body mass index (BMI) at 22 years of age, according to the hypotheses generated by risk accumulation, critical period, and social mobility models. This was a population-based prospective study based on the Pelotas (Brazil) 1993 birth cohort. The risk accumulation, critical period, and social mobility models were tested in relation to a saturated model and compared with a partial F-test. After the best model was chosen, linear regression was carried out to determine the crude and adjusted regression coefficients of the association between socioeconomic status over the life-course and BMI at 22 years of age. The sample was comprised of 3,292 individuals (53.3% women). We found dose-response effect for both men and women, although the results were opposite. Among men, a lower score in socioeconomic status accumulation model led to a lower BMI average at 22 years of age; whereas among women, a lower score in socioeconomic status accumulation model caused an increase in BMI at 22 years of age.
Highlights
Obesity is one of the most significant risk factors for mortality and morbidity, with increasing prevalence and in global proportions [1,2]
This study has filled a gap in the literature concerning association between socioeconomic status over the life-course and body mass index (BMI) in medium-income countries and clarified the relevance of investigating the most appropriate life course model for a particular form of exposure
By assessing the relationship between socioeconomic status over the life-course and BMI, our study showed that the risk accumulation model was more appropriate than the critical period or social mobility models
Summary
Obesity is one of the most significant risk factors for mortality and morbidity, with increasing prevalence and in global proportions [1,2]. Between 1975 and 2016, the prevalence of obesity almost tripled worldwide 1. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, in 2016 over 1.9 billion adults (39% of adults aged 18 or older) were overweight, and over 650 million of these were obese (13%) 1. Brazil faces a similar scenario; overweight and obesity prevalence has been increasing in all age groups, in both sexes, and at all income levels. The highest growth rate is found among those with lowest family income 3. In 2019, 55% of adults were overweight and 20% were obese 4
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