Social Marketing Systems Research Articles

Improving recognition accuracy for facial expressions using scattering wavelet

One of the most evident and meaningful feedback about people’s emotions is through facial expressions. Facial expression recognition is helpful in social networks, marketing, and intelligent education systems. The use of Deep Learning based methods in facial expression identification is widespread, but challenges such as computational complexity and low recognition rate plague these methods. Scatter Wavelet is a type of Deep Learning that extracts features from Gabor filters in a structure similar to convolutional neural networks. This paper presents a new facial expression recognition method based on wavelet scattering that identifies six states: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. The proposed method is simulated using the JAFFE and CK+ databases. The recognition rate of the proposed method is 99.7%, which indicates the superiority of the proposed method in recognizing facial expressions.

I Justify Myself, Therefore I am. Regimes Of Justification In Chilean Elite Universities

Few studies focus on understanding the role of universities in the elites’ legitimation processes. This article examines how elite universities -in the context of Chilean tertiary education massification- actively create privileged statuses. Focusing on eight case studies, we examine how these universities justify their roles and existence, generating distinctions that promote highly exclusive spaces, replicating elite privilege. Through 48 semi-structured interviews, this article focuses on understanding the justification arguments employed by faculty and deans from these elite institutions. Following Boltanski’s and Thévenot’s theoretical model, the results illustrate three different justification regimes: i) arguing for their elite status within the university system; ii) justifying the role they fulfil within Chilean society; and iii) defending their existence in the social structure. These regimes combine arguments relating to social justice, efficiency and market system performance in an eclectic and pragmatic way.

Supply Chain Management Benefits Enterprises from Different Social Economic Perspectives

Supply Chain Management has been used by many enterprises, and the benefits it brings are undeniable. However, many factors decide the implementation of Supply Chain Management results, from the legal provisions and market status at the macro aspect to the executive philosophy of the manager at the micro level. As a result, this essay will specifically study whether different Social and Economic Perspectives will influence the result of Supply Chain Management benefits enterprises. Although a variety of relevant researches have shown the advantages of applying Supply Chain Management for enterprises, there is still a bias that is easy to be ignored, which is from different Social and Economic perspectives. Therefore, the goal of this essay is to find whether companies using Supply Chain Finance from different Social Economic Perspectives will still be benefited. Based on literature analysis, the main research method of this essay is to analyze and compare the examples of using Supply Chain Management to bring results under a different social and economic market system. For different firms in different social and economic perspectives, Supply Chain Management has its existence significance. Although the implement Supply Chain Management will have some risks, its benefits are more meaningful for the enterprises and market operation.

МАРКЕТИНГОВА СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛІННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЮ БІЗНЕСУ: ДИЗАЙН ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКИХ СТРУКТУР, УРАХУВАННЯ МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ТА ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ПРОБЛЕМ СУЧАСНОСТІ

The research focuses on the important interdisciplinary issue of the agile marketing management systems implementations under the design stage of the entrepreneurship structures. Today the entrepreneurship ecosystem is under massive impact of global and macroeconomic challenges, actualized by different instances of global problems and behavioral factors. The competitiveness of the entrepreneurship structures depends upon the agile marketing systems of market data processing. The task is to show the great role of global changes and local response of the target audience behavior. During the process of the decision-making, the entrepreneurship structures are analyzing the statistical data to ensure that the decision is correct, or wrong. There are different sources of marketing data to manage competitiveness in international business environment. More available and accessible data is the statistic – obtained during the sales, processing, manufacturing, etc. also, if the market is new for the business, we can analyze macroeconomic, branch or local statistics to create the strategy or approve the decisions for the entrepreneurship design. Another possibility, which does not replace but complements the existing data sources, is the behavioral data from the services like Google analytics, Google trends, Google ads, other behavioral data sources, available online. The Agile-marketing concept let the marketing manager use combined data sources in the decision-making process. Agility in the decision-making and data processing is the key to the competitiveness building during the entrepreneur structures design process. The macroeconomic and global challenges, provoked by the global problems of today are important – among them, ecology problems, education problem, hunger, global partnership building, etc. These problems are important for the social responsible marketing systems, gaining popularity all over the world. Also, competitiveness depends upon the agility in the marketingmix of the entrepreneur structures – the speed of response and decision-making in the changing or undefined environment. During the market research, the results may show that the strategy is correct, but some elements of marketing-mix are misused – in this circumstances the marketing-mix must be changed immediately. This is the agile marketing management systems main task in the changing market environment.

The importance of human potential and human capital in sustainable development

The purpose of the investigation is to reveal the importance of human potential and human capital in order to understand their practical importance in the social development of Ukraine. The definitions of «human potential» and «human capital» based on the interpretations of foreign and Ukrainian scientists are analyzed. The author’s vision of the definition of «human potential» as a socio-economic category that embodies the set of abilities, knowledge and capabilities of human and society as a whole, which are realized during the life cycle, interact with other types of potentials, bringing additional benefits and enriching materially and spiritually to achieve the goals of individual and human development. The organizational and level structure of human potential is developed and the content of its key components is described. In particular, in the level distribution, human potential includes: nanlevel (individual), microlevel (enterprise, organization, industry), mesolevel (region) and macrolevel (country or group of countries). The common and distinctive features between human potential and human capital in the social development of Ukraine are generalized. The organizational component of the structure of human potential includes the following most important components: labor potential, creative potential (human potential of creative individuals), intellectual potential, innovation potential, human potential of the nation, and others.It is concluded that the development and full realization of human potential in Ukraine largely depends on the proper implementation of human capital and quality public protection of key components of the social sphere. In this process, the formation of social market system of income, the concept of lifelong learning and the renewal of the health care system should be a priority. Particular attention should be paid to the social environment in which human potential is formed and developed, because it determines the vectors of practical implementation of all those abilities and skills that are laid down from birth and change during the life cycle.

Building positive resilience through vulnerability analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose an integrative framework for vulnerability analysis in social marketing systems by identifying, investigating and problematising the relationships among several interrelated concepts, including power, power asymmetry, vulnerability and resilience, in the context of social marketing systems.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper synthesising literature from social marketing, sociology and marketing management.FindingsThe main outcome of the discussion is a proposed integrative framework for vulnerability analysis. The framework identifies the main groups of stakeholders within a social marketing system and the bases for their power and consequential power asymmetries. It focusses on the types and states of vulnerability to identify the distinct characteristics of the social conditions of vulnerability for micro-level system actors. It leads to building positive resilience through efforts aiming to change the power asymmetries at the downstream, midstream and upstream levels.Originality/valueThe integrative framework for vulnerability analysis answers the call from Wood (2019) for the development of practical approaches to better understand resilience-building approaches in social marketing programmes. The framework provides reconciliation for diverse dimensions of vulnerability as a natural characteristic of all social marketing systems and as a universal, constant and inherent social condition.

Neo-liberalism, social democracy or a social market system in South Africa?

Despite the establishment of a full democracy in South Africa 25 years ago, the economy of the country has not answered to the ideals of economic growth and the alleviation of poverty as set by the various parties at the dawn of this new dispensation. Several political administrations have since endeavoured to address the problem with different plans and economic programmes. Characteristic of these plans is the fact that the focus fluctuated between neo-liberal principles and government-regulated social democratic ideas. The programmes reflect the vigorous debate in South African political circles between proponents of the neo-liberal philosophy of the economy and proponents of social democracy. The debated question is: What economic policy will suit South Africa to enable this country to deal with the perennial poverty and inequality in the best way? Should it be mere neo-liberalism or an authoritarian social democratic philosophy? This article aims to introduce a Christian-ethical perspective on the qualities of South African versions of neo-liberalism and socio-democracy in view of the obligation of the markets and the government to pursue the best policy to alleviate poverty and its various social effects. The central theoretical argument of this article is that a Christian-ethical approach holds that the government of the day is responsible to address poverty by applying a policy of economic growth that is immediately effective and sustainable on the long run. This policy entails a strategy that can be termed a “social market economy”, which sustains the freedom of the market, but facilitates limited government involvement in the economy on behalf of the poor.

Marketing systems: A Listen, Learn, Leverage Framework

Macromarketing provides the conceptual ground to understand marketing dynamics in a systems setting. Social marketing offers an implementation platform through which collective behavioral change may be accomplished. Qualitative system mapping from systems thinking delivers potentially powerful tools for macromarketing and social marketing in their non-linear causality pursuits. The central theme of the paper is to unveil the marketing dynamics of a complex problem. A MAS informed social marketing systems approach is presented through an inter-disciplinary case study to address the complex challenge of increasing influenza vaccination rates in a hospital systems setting. We identify the dominant behavioral and structural dynamics blocking the desired collective behaviors which present potential opportunities to interrupt the system’s current trajectory. We capture the paradoxically contradicting group choices to systemic outcomes. We show how highly participatory understandings can act as the basis for integrated multilevel, multi-stakeholder interventions to alter the evolutionary patterns over time and space in a system. We conclude that the listening, learning and leveraging processes of undertaking qualitative marketing systems dynamics mapping for collective behavioral change are a potent way forward.

Protocols for Stakeholder Participation in Social Marketing Systems

Stakeholder participation is the systematic mapping of potentially influential actors who can affect or be affected by intervention(s). Literature to date acknowledges the presence and interrelatedness of multiple stakeholders but is extremely limited in its approach on how to systematically identify and encourage stakeholder participation in social marketing systems. To address this limitation, this article responds to Buyucek et al.’s call for “stakeholders to be systematically identified and managed throughout the intervention design, planning and implementation.” This research proposes stakeholder participation as important to social marketing, regardless of whether it is for a single intervention or systems. We describe and demonstrate seven protocols for stakeholder participation in social marketing systems. We apply an illustrative participatory research context that follows the seven protocols of stakeholder participation and their related sets of tasks, tools, and activities and designed to identify, classify, and map stakeholders across marine environmental social marketing domains. The participatory research context illustrates that working “with” stakeholders rather than “on” their behalf can build bridges and transform societies. We then discuss the implications of embedding a stakeholder participation orientation in social marketing systems—for example, the complexities associated with multilevel stakeholder identification, partnership formation, ownership, conflict and continuity, and the value derived from interlocking co-creation and participatory processes for change.

Inequality in Beijing: A Spatial Multilevel Analysis of Perceived Environmental Hazard and Self-Rated Health

Environmental pollution is a major problem in China, subjecting people to significant health risk. Surprisingly little is known, though, about how these risks are distributed spatially or socially. Drawing on a large-scale survey conducted in Beijing in 2013, we examine how environmental hazards and health, as perceived by residents, are distributed at a fine (subdistrict) scale in urban Beijing and investigate the association between hazards, health, and geographical context. A Bayesian spatial multilevel logistic model is developed to account for spatial dependence in unobserved contextual influences (neighborhood effects) on health. The results reveal robust associations between exposure to environmental hazards and health. A unit decrease on a five-point Likert scale in exposure is associated with increases of 15.2 percent (air pollution), 17.5 percent (noise), and 9.3 percent (landfills) in the odds of reporting good health, with marginal groups including migrant workers reporting greater exposure. Health inequality is also evident and is associated with age, income, educational attainment, and housing characteristics. Geographical context (neighborhood features like local amenities) also plays a role in shaping the social distribution of health inequality. The results are discussed in the context of developing environmental justice policy within a Chinese social market system that experiences tension between its egalitarian roots and its pragmatic approach to tackling grand public policy challenges.

How to engage end-users in smart energy behaviour?

End users will play a crucial role in up-coming smart grids that aim to link end- users and energy providers in a better balanced and more efficient electricity system. Within this context, this paper aims to deliver a coherent view on current good practice in end-user engagement in smart grid projects. It draws from a recent review of theoretical insights from sustainable consumption behaviour, social marketing and innovation systems and empirical insights from recent smart grid projects to create an inventory of common motivators, enablers and barriers of behavioural change, and the end-user engagement principles that can be derived from that. We conclude with identifying current research challenges as input for a research agenda on end-user engagement in smart grids.

(Fractal ModelsTheory)

Administrative science of social and economical marketing systems correlates directly with philosophy and studies of general marketing and services marketing, as well as development of production and financial processes methods. In accordance with the above, major marketing regularities are being researched on the example of one of the marketing system models. Major part of the book is devoted to a detailed assessment of the entity and structure of the Marketing System Conceptual Model and the basics of Services System Imitation Modeling. The book is intended for marketing experts, managers, administrators, healthcare and health insurance companies administrators, researchers of the imitation modeling and administration of the social and economical systems. Could be recommended as a learning source for graduation thesis and postgraduate education in the field of socio-economical systems administration.

The Post-War Economic Miracle in West Germany

From the words of James C. Von Hook (2004), no society has ever become more associated with its economic system than post-war West Germany with the possible exception of Japan. However, when one looks into West Germany’s post-war economic history, one is able to clearly indentify the crucial role played by the social market economy system because it has always been invested with greater meaning and significance. The introduction of social market system of economy brought an end to economic controls of the highly condemned Nazi era. It was championed by Ludwig Erhard and his supporters in 1948. Erhard later became West Germany’s first finance minister appointed by the then Chancellor of the Federal Republic, Konrad Adenaur. Many scholars believed that West Germany’s unexpected rapid and prosperous recovery during the 1950s from the devastations caused by World War II was influenced by his social market reforms of 1948 that represented a radical break away from West Germany’s authoritarian past. Erhard was quoted as saying that the highly proclaimed economic miracle was in fact not a miracle, but rather, the natural and scientific result of the free market, free international trade, competition and monetary stability that prevailed in post-war West Germany. He argued that the rising productivity caused by the introduction of free market relationships after WWII has resulted in raising real wages which trickled down on the standard of living of the average West German. Erhard´s social market economic model received opposition from the Social Democratic Party who continue to argue that West Germany’s post-war economic success came as a result of the reconstruction boom after WWII. Other scholars still argue that the intervention provided by the Marshall Plan of the United States government was the propelling force behind this unprecedented economic and social progress. However, Von Hook (2004) observed that one of the greatest ironies of post-war economic history is how the definition of the social market economic changed over time. Today, he said, it represents the European welfare state which is the opposite of the 1950s. In an effort to present a balanced report on the subject matter, this paper aims to take into consideration the conflicting views expressed by scholars regarding the origins of the so-called the post-war West Germany economic miracle as well as highlight three competing explanations. Also, the economic situation of West Germany before the miracle and the debate between schools of thought shall be looked into. Since Ludwig Erhard´s economic reforms are widely accepted as suitable explanations for the miracle, the paper will endeavor to find out the positive economic changes it brought to West Germany as a whole. The disagreements that continue to occupy center stage in the discussion of the so-called miracle shall also be looked into in order to balance and give a fair view of the ideas presented here in this paper.

Un sistema de Economía social de mercado para una Europa solidaria, responsable y productiva

Este editorial considera el gran paso dado en Lisboa en 2007 para la construcción europea hacia una reconfiguración social y, por tanto, ética del mercado interior en la senda cultural de la mejor tradición del constitucionalismo social de bastantes Estados europeos: el sistema de Economía social de mercado. Como en el siglo pasado se pensó el Estado, a los europeos del siglo XXI nos corresponde ahora pensar el mercado. El establecimiento formal de un sistema socioeconómico con valor normativo, la Economía social de mercado, puede llegar a integrar las aspiraciones más auténticas y elevadas del alma europea: la solidaridad, la responsabilidad y la productividad. Europa sólo podrá salir de su profunda y persistente crisis si no pierde su alma. Esta tarea no la puede hacer sólo un Estado, sino que ha de ser obra de ciudadanos de todos los países europeos. Hemos de acertar en resocializar el proyecto europeo con nuevas energías, con nueva claridad, con nueva pasión europeísta. El editorial parte de un reciente documento de la Comisión de los episcopados católicos de la Unión Europea (octubre de 2011, hecho público en enero de 2012): Una Comunidad europea de solidaridad y de responsabilidad.

The globalisation of General Principle 7: transforming the market for corporate control in Australia and Europe?

The integration of national financial markets over the past 30 years has resulted in a globalised market for corporate control which has increased both the opportunities for companies to fund acquisitions and the possibility of being acquired. Takeovers and mergers have, as a result, become a matter of some concern for governments, as they try to encourage the development of financial markets but also deal with the consequences of a globalised market for corporate control, where even companies regarded as national champions are within the reach of a foreign takeover. In the course of the last decade General Principle No 7 of the UK Takeover Code, that shareholders should decide the outcome of a takeover bid, has been adopted in many jurisdictions around the world and has formed the heart of the EU Directive on Takeovers. The Principle is however a controversial one, as its adoption is often viewed in civil law jurisdictions as an attack on a core part of a social market system. This has been particularly evident in the debate on the EU Directive on Takeovers. A number of common law heritage countries have also based their takeover regime around General Principle No 7 and many of these common law heritage counties have similarities with social market systems, in that they have less significant stock exchanges than the UK, the make up of their shareholding base is more concentrated and employment protections are more extensive. A central jurisdiction in that overlap is Australia, with exactly this combination. The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical effect of introducing UK takeover principles into the Australian system, by creating an empirical data set of takeovers of Australian listed companies covering the period before and after those UK-based principles were introduced. In doing so the paper found that factors such as concentrated ownership, capital controls and protective labour law have significant effects on the market for corporate control. There was no transforming effect evident in adopting an anti-managerial pro-shareholder takeover regime. As such, the fear that the adoption of a standardised EU-wide takeover Directive, along the lines of the UK Panel on Takeovers and Mergers' shareholder-oriented General Principle 7, would have a negative transforming effect on social market systems appears, on the Australian evidence, to be overblown, while other key features of such systems, particularly concentrated ownership and protective labour laws, remain in place.

Nur eine kurze Epoche

Abstract Academic resistance in Nazi-Germany between 1941 and 1944 gives a rare example of an exceptional cooperation between scholars of economics, law, history an Protestant theology. Leading representatives of the ordo-liberal Freiburg school of eceonomics (W. Eucken, F. Böhm and others) joined forces with theologians to develop concepts for political, social and economic life in post-war Germany by ordinance of >Bekennende Kirche< represented by Dietrich Bonhoeffer. This outstanding example of interdisciplinary thinking proved tobe influential in founding Germany's Social Market System. It stands as a successful, yet singular, way of dialogue between theology and economics.

Cultural Transmission Versus Perceptions of the Economy

The formal division of Germany in 1949 and the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 demarcate a monumental quasi-experiment. Whereas the political culture aspects of this experiment have been studied extensively, the implications of these events for the economic culture in West and East Germany have received less attention. This article attempts to fill this gap in scholarship by examining the basic economic values of parliamentarians in East and West Germany. To this end, I interviewed 168 parliamentarians from the united Parliament in Berlin (79 from the East, 89 from the West). The study finds that the socialist order successfully imbued East MPs with socialist economic values—especially among the postwar cohort—independent of MPs' evaluation of contemporary economic conditions. In contrast, West MPs' economic values reflect the social market system of the West German economy. These results suggest that basic institutional arrangements, once put into place, have a substantial influence on individuals' ideological predispositions.

Contraceptive Social Marketing and Community-Based Distribution Systems in Colombia

Three operations research experiments were carried out in three provinces of Colombia to improve the cost-effectiveness of Profamilia's nonclinic-based programs. The experiments tested: (a) whether a contraceptive social marketing (CSM) strategy can replace a community-based distribution (CBD) program in a high contraceptive use area; (b) if wage incentives for salaried CBD instructors will increase contraceptive sales; and (c) whether a specially equipped information, education, and communication (IEC) team can replace a cadre of rural promoters to expand family planning coverage. All three strategies proved to be effective, but only the CSM system yielded a profit. Despite this, Profamilia discontinued its CSM program soon after the experiment was completed. Unexpected government controls regulating the price and sale of contraceptives in Colombia made the program unprofitable. As a result, family planning agencies are cautioned against replacing CBD programs with CSM. Instead, CBD programs might adopt a more commercial approach to become more efficient.