Children's Social Lives Research Articles

Intergenerational associations of maternal depression with daughters' family formation

AbstractObjectiveThis work investigates the potential associations between maternal major depressive disorder (MDD) and daughters' family formation behaviors, specifically the timing of marriage and first birth.BackgroundFamily and life course research has established the importance of intergenerational ties and linked lives for children's health, education, social life, and transition to adulthood more broadly. However, mothers' MDD has remained a relatively understudied factor shaping young people's family formation behaviors.MethodThe analyses used a sample of 1127 linked mother–father–daughter triads from the Chitwan Valley Family Study (CVFS) in Nepal. Discrete‐time event‐history models at the month level were run to assess whether daughters' differential exposure to maternal MDD was prospectively associated with entry into marital unions and parenthood.ResultsAlthough there was no relationship between maternal lifetime MDD and daughters' family formation, results showed that being first exposed to maternal MDD during childhood, specifically between the ages of 0 and 10, increased the monthly odds of transitioning to parenthood by more than 80%. Additional findings showed that an increased pace of getting married was a primary determinant of accelerated childbearing.ConclusionDaughters' exposure to mothers' depression was associated with daughters' family formation transitions. The timing of exposure, however, was a particularly important driver of that association. We argue that the study of parents' mental ill‐health provides untapped opportunity for future intergenerational research.

Critical Windows: Perspectives of Parents of Children and Youth with Special Educational Needs Regarding Social Wellbeing During COVID19

ABSTRACT In the spring of 2020, schools across the globe closed as a public health measure to address the growing COVID-19 pandemic. For children and youth with special educational needs (SEN) who rely on specific additional supports and services, and who were more likely than their peers to experience a lack of school success even before COVID-19, gaps in academic and social development are likely to be magnified. The current study explored the perspectives of 36 Canadian parents of children and youth with SEN regarding the impact of COVID-19 on social wellbeing during the first wave in the spring of 2020. Thematic analysis was conducted of the in-depth interviews, and two key narratives were created in order to tell the stories of families. These narratives provide evidence of the five major themes that were identified, namely: a) pathways to friends, b) isolated and disconnected, c) developmental concerns, d) siblings as peer proxies, and e) role of schools. We discuss these themes in relation to the growing body of research documenting the impacts of COVID-19 on the social lives of children and youth.

The Negative Impact of Broken Home Children in the Increase in Criminal Cases that Occur in Society in terms of Analysis of Islamic Family Law

This study will examine the impact of broken home families on children's behaviour. The effect of a broken home family condition can be analysed by observing a person's patterns and attitudes in daily activities. The observation procedure used is library research, using sources such as journals, books, and e-books relevant to this article's topic. In the analysis process, data is reviewed through the stages of review, sorting, grouping, and categorising to understand the impact of broken home families on children in increasing criminal cases in the community. The results showed that there are impacts of broken home families, including psychological effects that affect children's social life, children's knowledge of the criminal world, and spiritual effects that affect their religious behaviour.

Common and distinct equity preferences in children and adults.

Fairness plays a crucial role in children's social life and has garnered considerable attention. However, previous research and theories primarily examined the development of children's fairness behaviors in the conflict between self-interest motivation and fairness-complying motivation, neglecting the influence of advantage-seeking motivation. Moreover, despite the well-established role of gain/loss frame in human decision-making, it remains largely unclear whether the framing effect modulates fairness behaviors in children. It was hypothesized that children would exhibit advantage-seeking motivation resulting in more selfish behaviors in the loss context. To examine the hypothesis, we combined an adapted dictator game and computational modeling to investigate various motivations underlying fairness behaviors of children in both loss and gain contexts and to explore the developmental directions by contrasting children and adults. In addition, the current design enabled the dissociation between fairness knowledge and behaviors by asking participants to decide for themselves (the first-party role) or for others (the third-party role). This study recruited a total of 34 children (9-10 years, Mage = 9.82, SDage = 0.38, 16 females) and 31 college students (Mage = 19.81, SDage = 1.40, 17 females). The behavioral results indicated that children behaved more selfishly in first-party and more fairly in third-party than adults, without any significant framing effects. The computational results revealed that both children and adults exhibited aversion to advantageous and disadvantageous inequity in third-party. However, they showed distinct preferences for advantageous inequity in first-party, with advantage-seeking preferences among children and aversion to advantageous inequity among adults. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of children's social preferences and their developmental directions.

No one is going to recess: How children evaluate collective and targeted punishment.

This study examined children's responses to targeted and collective punishment. Thirty-six 4-5-year-olds and 36 6-7-year-olds (36 females; 54 White; data collected 2018-2019 in the United States) experienced three classroom punishment situations: Targeted (only transgressing student punished), Collective (one student transgressed, all students punished), and Baseline (all students transgressed, all punished). The older children evaluated collective punishment as less fair than targeted, whereas younger children evaluated both similarly. Across ages, children distributed fewer resources to teachers who administered collective than targeted punishment, and rated transgressors more negatively and distributed fewer resources to transgressors in Collective and Targeted than Baseline. These findings demonstrate children's increasing understanding of punishment and point to the potential impact of different forms of punishment on children's social lives.

Children's social life space during a pandemic - a research report from rural areas

The article presents qualitative research on the social relations of rural children during the Covid-19 pandemic and their agency in this regard. The research material was collected through focus group interviews with children aged 7 and 9 from two villages in north-eastern Poland. As a result of the research, their social contacts in the space of home, school and backyard were characterized. It was found that the children experienced relatively limited solitude, being always in contact with family members and peers from the neighborhood. Staying at school is the basis for expanding the social relations of children in the countryside. Early school age children prefer direct contacts and the media did not constitute a satisfactory field of social relations during the pandemic. Parents and the school limited the agency of children during the pandemic.

Tourette syndrome. The importance of the prevailing attitude and the social problems of the sufferers: literature review

Background. Tourette syndrome (TS) is not often encountered in the practice of doctors. Biased opinions of the public and doctors prevail about TS, its symptoms are often misunderstood or not recognized in time. This can lead to the development of social problems and stigmatization of the sufferers. Therefore, it is extremely important to rely on scientific research data in order to get a correct understanding of the TS itself and the possible consequences of its misinterpretation for the further social life of children.
 Aim of the study. To discuss about the clinical characteristics of TS and the importance of correct interpretation; to identify social problems prevalent in children with TS and how these problems can be prevented.
 Method of the study. The review of scientific literature included publications that were accessible via the Medline database. Inclusion criteria: articles not older than five years, published in English, full text freely available. Exclusion criteria: duplicate articles, publications, information about which did not correspond to the chosen analysed topic. Key words used: Tourette, social problem. Six articles were included in the systematic literature review.
 Results. Six social problems are identified that have a significant impact on the lives of people with TS: difficulties in communicating and building new relationships, social exclusion, lack of self-worth and self-esteem, poorer academic results, risk of criminality or suicide, and manifestation of the treatment-resistant form of TS. Wider public education, reduction of stigmatization, individual assessment of patient problems and concomitant conditions, and application of targeted treatment methods are extremely important for the management of these problems.
 Conclusions. Stigmatization and lack of knowledge about TS are common not only among the general public but also among medical professionals. It is important to highlight the need for education about TS for both. Correct interpretation of the disease and early diagnosis can be the first major step to prevent the development of social problems.

Evaluation of post-COVID symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants in children: a prospective study.

The post-COVID-19 syndrome is a new syndrome defined in patients with a history of probable or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, usually within three months of the onset of COVID-19, with symptoms and effects lasting at least 2 months. This study is aimed at comprehensively comparing symptoms of the post-COVID-19 syndrome in children with Delta and Omicron variants. This prospective study included children with COVID-19 followed in hospitalized or outpatient clinics in a tertiary hospital. We used a special questionnaire to ask about the presence of persistent symptoms more than 12 weeks after the initial diagnosis. Patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR were selected randomly and grouped according to the dominant variants in our country at that time as follows: Omicron group (after December 16, 2021); Delta (B.1.617.2) group (August 15, 2021, and December 15, 2021). This study included 200 children, 71 of whom were in the Delta group and 129 of whom were in the Omicron group. Weakness (8.5% vs. 1.6%; p = 0.017), the impact of physical efforts (5.6% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.020), fatigue (22.5% vs. 8.5%; p = 0.009), anxiety disorder (12.7% vs. 0.8%; p = 0.001), and gastrointestinal changes (12.7% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.050) were statistically significantly higher in patients with the Delta variant compared to patients with the Omicron variant. There were no differences between the groups regarding anorexia, anosmia/ageusia, arthralgia, influenza-like symptoms, sleeping disorders, decreased physical activity daily, headache, need for analgesia, concentration and memory disorder, and weight loss (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that weakness, the impact of physical efforts, fatigue, anxiety disorder, and gastrointestinal changes were more frequent in the Delta group compared to the Omicron group. The incidence of post-COVID-19 syndrome is high in children as well as adults and affects several systems; therefore, it should be kept in mind that children should be followed for post-COVID-19 syndrome. What is Known: •Despite the milder severity of acute COVID-19 in children, post-COVID-19 symptoms may occur. The post-COVID-19 condition is complex and novel, especially in the pediatric population. What is New: • Post-COVID-19 symptoms in children differ depending on the viral variant. Post-COVID-19 syndrome has a great impact on the social life of children which may have serious and long-term effects.

PARENTS' VIEWS OF THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON INDIVIDUALS WİTH SPECIAL NEEDS: THE CASE OF TURKEY

This study investigates the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of individuals with special needs. In the research carried out with phenomenological research design, data were obtained online from 121 parents with children with special needs and live in 14 different cities in Turkey by means of an interview form consisting of open-ended questions developed by researchers. From the content analysis of the data, 8 themes have been reached, namely, education, health, social life, behavioral-emotional adaptation, physical condition, family communication, indoor activities and social supports and needs. According to the findings, parents stated most that during the pandemic process, social lives of children with special needs were restricted and their daily routines were disturbed, they could not benefit efficiently from distance learning, their behavioral problems such as tantrums and harming themselves and others increased, negative physical situations emerged like weight gain / loss and sleep disorders and stress increased in family communication. Parents indicated that they could do indoor activities with their children and that they do not have difficulties in accessing health services for their children. The majority of the parents stated that they needed psychological counseling, distance education services, financial support and also that they received the greatest support from their family members and teachers.

THE ROLE OF PARENTS EDUCATION TOWARDS CHILDREN IN REMEMBERING THE PROHIBITION TO LIKE FELLOW GENDRE (Case study of Al-Qur'an Surah An-Nahl Verse 72)

The role of parental education for children is very important for the growth and development of children. Moreover, it refers to the demands of a child's social life, the child must be able to sort and judge which one is good and which one is bad to do, this refers to a child's education system that affects a child's development process in assessing what is good for him/her and which is bad for him. So here is how important the role of parental education for children is in understanding how important it is to educate children to stay away from deviant actions. This can be seen from how parents remind their children not to do things that deviate from the teachings of Allah SWT. This research methodology uses qualitative methods (qualitative research). The data refers to a case study, namely the Al-Qur'an Surah An-Nahl Verse 72, where in this verse it will become a valid source of data to be described and made into good writing in this paper.

Parents' Awareness and Attitude Toward Pediatrics Eye Diseases in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The necessity of early detection and parents' knowledge of pediatric eye conditions and eye care is crucial, not only because of the severe complications it can carry, like blindness, but also due to the availability of preventive measures and the importance of vision in a child's growth and social life. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the level of awareness of and attitudes toward children's eye diseases of parents in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. This descriptive, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, from September to December 2022. A self-administered questionnaire was randomly distributed to fathers and mothers of children younger than 18 through social media platforms. A total of 470 parents who met the study's inclusion criteria completed the study questionnaire. The results showed that 72.8% of the parents had poor awareness of pediatric eye diseases, 24.5% had good awareness, and 2.8% had excellent awareness. With regard to the symptoms that might prompt parents to take their children to an eye specialist, eye redness had the highest percentage (24.5%). It was also shown that 68.5% would allow their children to undergo eye surgery, if necessary, while most of those who refused to do so (11.3%) cited fear of the surgical outcome as the cause of their refusal. Our study findings show inadequate parental knowledge about common pediatric eye diseases and eye care practices for children. Therefore, awareness andeducation programs targeting both parents are recommended to raise the parents' level of awareness of pediatric eye diseases and to improve their attitudes toward the same.

THE INFLUENCE OF GADGET MEDIA ON EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT: LITERATURE REVIEW

Background : The use of gadgets has a detrimental effect on children's interpersonal skills if they are used too often. Method : The process carried out in this literature review is to review and look for several research journal articles published through an electronic database. Result : The results of the literature review and discussion of journals can show that there is an influence on the use of gadget media with early childhood development, it is said that Gadgets can affect aspects of cognitive, social-emotional development, religious and moral values, language and physical-motor aspects of children. Conclusion : Now children's social lives are more affected by technology. More often early childhood interacts with gadgets and also cyberspace affects the child's thinking power towards something outside of this, he will also feel unfamiliar with the surrounding environment due to lack of social interaction.

Budding entrepreneurs. The role of University in spreading early entrepreneurial mindset in school kids

<abstract> <p>Purpose of the paper: In a society facing epochal challenges, all educational levels are called to propose new answers and strategies. This paper suggests the collaboration between Universities and Primary Schools as a means to spread entrepreneurial mindsets in children and to conceive useful answers to social challenges. Methodology: This research is based on an in-depth analysis of an ongoing project that engages one University and three Primary Schools, involving 175 children aged from 6 to 10 years. To evaluate the project's efficacy, families and teachers were invited to fill out a questionnaire, and a statistical analysis has been done. Results: Findings show the efficacy of the project in terms of the improvement of social orientation, creativity, self-esteem, perseverance, autonomy, and proactivity of children. These skills have been registered within the educational context and the social life of children, underlining a positive effect on society. Research limitations: The main drawbacks refer to two distinct sides: the study and the evaluation of the project's efficacy. Regarding the study, focusing on a single project inhibits the possibility of generalizing results. Further studies can consider enlarging the sample, by analyzing similar projects oriented to primary schools, or propose comparative studies focused on different school levels, to deepen the knowledge of the best age to launch entrepreneurial projects. Concerning the evaluation of the project's efficacy, as it has been done in the short term, results could be affected by the initial enthusiastic appreciation of the proposed activities. However, to assess the long-term efficacy, further studies can replicate the analysis to observe the project's effects on the children's life, jointly considering school and family. Academic and practical implications: Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature on entrepreneurial education in primary schools by introducing the influential role of University. For practitioners, this research offers best practices to inspire other successful cases to spread an early entrepreneurial mindset. Originality of the paper: The study elucidates the relevance of the early entrepreneurial mindset as a means to face the current social challenges and suggests developing that entrepreneurial mindset by building a bridge between University and Primary schools. Specifically, through the in-depth analysis of a project, this study spotlights how Universities can support primary schools in overcoming difficulties due to resources constraint and lack of adequate entrepreneurial and managerial competencies by promoting extracurricular projects managed by researchers in Management and Entrepreneurship.</p> </abstract>

ANALISIS PROGRAM PEDULI ANTI BULLYING UNTUK MENCEGAH MASALAH BELAJAR SISWA DI SMAN 3 TANA TORAJA

Child abuse is not only done by the parents as the closest person but also done by the whole neighborhood, such as at school or in the society, so that the collaboration is needed that will give a good empact for the process of growth, teaching learning prosess, and in child social life. On the other hand, the school can also do an anti-abuse care programme to the whole stakeholder at school to prevent verbal and our verbal bullying at school so the teaching prosess can work out the way it was supposed to. This nesearch used literatune shidy by analyzing from varios research sources, e.book article, and interview results

Application and research progress of machine learning in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders in children.

The prevalence of neurodevelopment disorders (NDDs) among children has been on the rise. This has affected the health and social life of children. This condition has also imposed a huge economic burden on families and health care systems. Currently, it is difficult to perform early diagnosis of NDDs, which results in delayed intervention. For this reason, patients with NDDs have a prognosis. In recent years, machine learning (ML) technology, which integrates artificial intelligence technology and medicine, has been applied in the early detection and prediction of diseases based on data mining. This paper reviews the progress made in the application of ML in the diagnosis and treatment of NDDs in children based on supervised and unsupervised learning tools. The data reviewed here provide new perspectives on early diagnosis and treatment of NDDs.

Covid-19 Pandemic and Changes In the Social Life Of Children: Children’s Use of Space at Home

The pandemic has highlighted new questions for theory, policy and practice regarding children and dwellings. The aim of this research was to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the children’s social life in their homes. To understand their perceptions about their spaces in their homes, the method of drawing is used as a tool for the children to make out their feelings, emotions and perceptions about their new life during lockdown. In line with this, the study involves, analyzing children’s drawings about perception, emotions and feelings about the spaces they used in their homes during lockdown. Sample of the study is 60 children aged between 6-10. Afterwards, the children’s drawings were classified, coded, analyzed, evaluated and the findings were discussed. According to analyzes of the children’s drawings, the most mentioned spaces in their dwellings were balcony of their houses. The balcony which is the essential part of flats in Mediterranean cities become the new social healthier public space for children during lockdown.

Characteristics of Headache in Children Presenting to Ophthalmology Services in a Tertiary Care Center of South India.

Introduction: Headache is a common cause of disability worldwide and can disrupt the education and social life of children. Children regularly present to ophthalmologists with headache. So, we aimed to describe the characteristics of headache in children presenting to the ophthalmology outpatient department (OPD) in our center.Methodology: We conducted this cross-sectional, prospective study in Bangalore, India. We included all children aged 5-18 years, presenting with headache to the ophthalmology OPD, from September 2018 to September 2020, and excluded nonverbal children, those with prior head trauma, diagnosed psychiatric illnesses, or epilepsy. We provided each child with a headache questionnaire, following which they received a detailed ophthalmologic evaluation. We performed relevant descriptive and inferential analyses.Results: We included 311 children, with a mean age of 11.1 years. Sixty-eight percent were males. Fifty-one percent reported holocranial headache, and 28% reported frontal headache. Sixty-nine percent reported screen time of ≥2 hours/day. The most common refractive error (RE) was myopia, seen in 48%. The most common type of headache was headache associated with refractive errors (HARE), seen in 64%, followed by migraine, in 19%. Children with HARE were more likely to be males, have daily screen time of >2 hours/day, or have myopia. Their headache was more likely to be for >1 month, or have frontal localization. Children with headache due to other causes were more likely to be adolescents.Discussion: We found that almost two-thirds of children presenting to our ophthalmology OPD had HARE. Our findings support the association of REs with headache. Children with HARE had a longer history and predominantly frontal localization. Further, they reported longer screen time, a significant finding in today’s world. Ophthalmologists must be aware of the various etiologies of headache and ensure that each child with headache receives a full ophthalmologic evaluation.

A Study of Social and Educational Lives of Food Insecure Children in Slum Areas of Multan

Food is necessary for all humans on our planet. Food insecurity has become a worldwide problem. The survey's goals were to learn about children's eating habits, current rate of food insecurity, and the link between food insecurity and children's academic and social lives. The survey's target demographic consisted of guardians who had at least one kid between the ages of 4 and 12 who attended school. The researcher drew a sample of 385 people from Multan's slum communities. The multi-stage cluster and purposive sampling techniques were utilized by the researcher. The information was gathered using an interview schedule. The findings revealed a strong connection, implying that food insecurity has an impact on kid's social and academic lives. The researcher advised that authorities and the government should implement measures that eradicate poverty and increase food security. It was also suggested that additional study be conducted in the area of food insecurity, putting precise and detailed information on a variety of issues such as government policies, climate and weather, catastrophes, climatic conditions, and other factors impacting food poverty into account. Key Words: social life, educational life, Academic Performance, food insecurity, food pattern.

The Effect of Long-Acting Methylphenidate and Modafinil on Attention and Impulsivity of Children with ADHD using a Continuous Performance Test: A Comparative Study.

Objectives Given the importance of having a continuous performance for the academic and social life of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in this study, a Continuous Performance Test (CPT) was used to compare the effect of long-acting methylphenidate and modafinil on attention and impulsivity of these children.Materials & MethodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted on 50 children with ADHD aged 6 to 12 years in the child and adolescent psychiatric departments of Imam Hossein and Mofid hospitals, Tehran, Iran. The children were selected by availability sampling and randomly assigned into two equal groups (n=25 in each). While the first group was treated with long-acting methylphenidate, the second was treated with modafinil for 14 days. The CPT was carried out before and after the treatment. The obtained data were analyzed by F and t tests.ResultsLong-acting methylphenidate and modafinil were both effective in improving attention and impulsivity in children with ADHD. There was no significant difference between the two drugs in terms of effectiveness on attention and impulsivity.Conclusion The findings of this study showed that long-acting methylphenidate and modafinil are equally effective in improving attention and impulsivity in children with ADHD aged 6 to 12 years.

Children’s Books and Childhood Reading in Eighteenth‑ and Nineteenth‑Century Denmark

This article sets out to demonstrate the potential of memoirs and autobiographies as sources to study children’s use of books and other media in Denmark between around 1750 and 1850. Research on historical children’s reading cultures in the Nordic countries has been limited, and knowledge of children’s own experiences of reading, including how, when, where, what and with whom they read, is scarce. Despite the fact that most autobiographical writings were put on paper late in the authors’ lives, and even though most were composed by privileged or exceptional individuals, these sources can open up aspects of children’s book and media history which are otherwise largely inaccessible. Inspired by media scholars Hepp and Hasebrink’s concepts of media repertoires and media ensembles, we point to the importance of studying individual children’s selections of media (“repertoires”) in relation to those available in specific social contexts (“ensembles”). The article looks at six memoirs, representing boys and girls, urban and rural settings, and rich and poor families. We consider how these ego‑documents may tell unexpected stories about children’s media repertoires in practice and about the social life of children’s books and reading.