Social Interaction Model Research Articles

Simple tests for social interaction models with network structures

ABSTRACTWe consider an extended spatial autoregressive model that can incorporate possible endogenous interactions, exogenous interactions, unobserved group fixed effects and the correlation of unobservables. In the generalized method of moments (GMM) and the maximum likelihood (ML) frameworks, we introduce simple gradient-based robust test statistics that can be used to test for the presence of the endogenous effects, the correlation of unobservables and the contextual effects. These test statistics are robust to local parametric misspecifications and only require consistent estimates from a transformed linear regression model to compute. We carry out an extensive Monte Carlo study to investigate the size and power properties of the proposed tests. The results show that the proposed tests have good finite sample properties, and are useful for testing the presence of the various effects in a social interaction model.

A social interaction model with ordered choices

We introduce a social interaction model with ordered choices. We provide a micro-foundation for the econometric model based on an incomplete information network game, and characterize the sufficient condition for the existence of a unique equilibrium of the game. We discuss the identification of the model, and propose to estimate the model by the NFXP and NPL algorithms. We conduct Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the finite sample performance of these two estimation methods.

The effect of pathological narcissism on interpersonal and affective processes in social interactions.

Narcissism has significant interpersonal costs, yet little research has examined behavioral and affective patterns characteristic of narcissism in naturalistic settings. Here we studied the effect of narcissistic features on the dynamic processes of interpersonal behavior and affect in daily life. We used interpersonal theory to generate transactional models of social interaction (i.e., linkages among perceptions of others' behavior, affect, and one's own behavior) predicted to be characteristic of narcissism. Psychiatric outpatients (N = 102) completed clinical interviews and a 21-day ecological momentary assessment protocol using smartphones. After social interactions (N = 5,781), participants reported on perceptions of their interaction partner's behavior (scored along the dimensions of dominant-submissive and affiliative-quarrelsome), their own affect, and their own behavior. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to examine dynamic links among behavior and affect across interactions, and the role of narcissism in moderating these links. Results showed that perceptions of others' dominance did not predict dominant behavior, but did predict quarrelsome behavior, and this link was potentiated by narcissism. Furthermore, the link between others' dominance and one's own quarrelsome behavior was mediated by negative affect. Moderated mediation was also found: Narcissism amplified the link between ratings of others' dominance and one's own quarrelsomeness and negative affect. Narcissism did not moderate the link between other dominance and own dominance, nor the link between other affiliation and own affiliation. These results suggest that narcissism is associated with specific interpersonal and affective processes, such that sensitivity to others' dominance triggers antagonistic behavior in daily life. (PsycINFO Database Record

P.1.i.047 - A novel social perception task for testing the social interaction model in pharmaco-fMRI protocols with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

P.1.i.047 - A novel social perception task for testing the social interaction model in pharmaco-fMRI protocols with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

How customer’s display of emotions relates to task performance: social interaction model in hospitality

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the emotional cycle of the relationship between service employees and customers using a social interaction model.Design/methodology/approachA total of 22 five-star hotels in Seoul area are selected. The survey was conducted by a mixed mail and visiting format. Of 340 questionnaires distributed, 27 were incomplete and thus eliminated from the study. As a result, 313 questionnaires were accepted for the purpose of final analysis, representing a response rate of 92 per cent.FindingsThe study found that service employees’ orientation and emotions are critical for predicting customers’ display of emotions and ensuring employees’ mood. In addition, employees’ emotions and service orientation have positive relationships with customers’ display of emotions; customers’ display of emotions have positive relationships with employees’ moods and task performance; and employees’ moods have positive relationships with task performance.Research limitations/implicationsA key limitation of this study is that it is difficult to capture precisely the emotions of employees and customers using the five-point Likert scale. Second, there might be representative issue in his study because the survey was limited to brief encounter within in the hotel industry that focused only on five-star hotels in Seoul.Practical implicationsThrough the study, to overcome the emotional labor, this study shows that an answer could lie in the connection between business outcomes and positive mood of employees. Managers should create a good environment for employee to work in a pleasant atmosphere. In addition, during the employee selection process, managers might hire talented and qualified front employees with friendly, courteous and extroverted characteristics.Originality/valueThe essential contribution of this study is that it provides initial empirical support for the social interaction model in an employee and customer service setting in the field of hospitality.

Multivariate choices and identification of social interactions

SummaryThis paper considers the identification of social interaction effects in the context of multivariate choices. First, we generalize the theoretical social interaction model to allow individuals to make interdependent choices in different activities. Based on the theoretical model, we propose a simultaneous equation network model and discuss the identification of social interaction effects in the econometric model. We also provide an empirical example to show the empirical salience of this model. Using the Add Health data, we find that a student's academic performance is not only affected by academic performance of his peers but also affected by screen‐related activities of his peers.

Forecasting the influence of customer-related micro-events on employees’ emotional, attitudinal and physiological responses

ABSTRACTThe affective events theory proposes that daily events elicit affective reactions on workers that, over time, influence affective and judgement-driven behaviours. It also suggests that this relation is moderated by dispositions and appraisals. On the other hand, the social interaction model argues that the impact of emotions is moderated by how individuals regulate them. This study aimed to: (1) investigate what customer-related events elicit affect; (2) test the moderating role of workers’ susceptibility for emotional contagion on the relation events-affect; and (3) explore whether affective states influence cardiovascular efficiency and turnover intentions. We conducted a longitudinal study in an inbound call centre by following 48 workers during 10 working days, gathering 267 events and 1,232 affective reactions. We combined diaries, questionnaires and physiological data. Data was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. We extracted 13 event categories and, using artificial neural networks (ANN), found support for the moderating role of emotional contagion. At daily level, fear was the stronger predictor of cardiovascular efficiency, whereas anger was the stronger predictor of turnover. ANN models showed satisfactory predictive values (R2Turnover = .51, p < .01; R2Cardiovascular efficiency = .32, p < .01). The importance of results for theory and practice is discussed.

Antisocial rewarding in structured populations

Cooperation in collective action dilemmas usually breaks down in the absence of additional incentive mechanisms. This tragedy can be escaped if cooperators have the possibility to invest in reward funds that are shared exclusively among cooperators (prosocial rewarding). Yet, the presence of defectors who do not contribute to the public good but do reward themselves (antisocial rewarding) deters cooperation in the absence of additional countermeasures. A recent simulation study suggests that spatial structure is sufficient to prevent antisocial rewarding from deterring cooperation. Here we reinvestigate this issue assuming mixed strategies and weak selection on a game-theoretic model of social interactions, which we also validate using individual-based simulations. We show that increasing reward funds facilitates the maintenance of prosocial rewarding but prevents its invasion, and that spatial structure can sometimes select against the evolution of prosocial rewarding. Our results suggest that, even in spatially structured populations, additional mechanisms are required to prevent antisocial rewarding from deterring cooperation in public goods dilemmas.

A triple test for behavioral economics models and public health policy

We propose a triple test to evaluate the usefulness of behavioral economics models for public health policy. Test 1 is whether the model provides reasonably new insights. Test 2 is on whether these have been properly applied to policy settings. Test 3 is whether they are corroborated by evidence. We exemplify by considering the cases of social interactions models, self-control models and, in relation to health message framing, prospect theory. Out of these sets of models, only a correctly applied prospect theory fully passes the tests at present. Specifically, in broad agreement with the evidence, a gain frame has positive implications for welfare encourages disease prevention activity, though this does not apply if the perceived probability of the bad health outcome is large enough. We see our tests as being useful to identify how much health policy weight policy makers should assign to specific behavioral economic models; they are also useful to verify what next steps would be most useful in further research.

Corrigendum to “Self-Organized Societies: On the Sakoda Model of Social Interactions”

Corrigendum to “Self-Organized Societies: On the Sakoda Model of Social Interactions”

Identification of peer effects via a root estimator

By exploiting the correlation structure of individual outcomes in a network, we show that a carefully constructed root estimator can identify peer effects in linear social interaction models, when identification cannot be achieved via variation of group sizes or intransitivity of network connections. We establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the root estimator under heteroskedasticity, and conduct Monte Carlo experiments to investigate its finite sample performance.

Earliest memories in Israeli kibbutz upbringing: it is parental engagement that makes a difference

ABSTRACTCulture and parenting shape the ability to recall early childhood experiences. This research focused on the unique context of upbringing in the Israeli kibbutz and examined how cultural orientation and experiences of parental engagement in Kibbutz and non-Kibbutz settings shaped adults’ earliest memories. Participants were 108 women (study 1) and 75 women and men (study 2) who were raised in traditional kibbutz upbringing or in a non-kibbutz family setting. In addition to reporting their earliest memory and age at earliest memory, participants estimated retrospectively the amount of daily time spent in interaction with parents, caregivers, and other children during the time of earliest memory. Overall, upbringing-related variations in cultural orientation were evident in the content of memories. A prediction of later age at earliest memory due to limited opportunities for parent–child interaction characteristic of traditional kibbutz upbringing was not supported. Rather, in both studies, age at earliest memory was linked to retrospective estimation of parental engagement, after controlling for childhood ecology. Study 2 revealed also a link of age at earliest memory to retrospective estimation of involvement with non-parental caregivers. These findings are congruent with the social-interaction model’s claims about the importance of interaction with caregiving adults to autobiographical memory’s development.

Victorian Children's Literature: Experiencing Abjection, Empathy, and the Power of Love by Ruth Y. Jenkins

Reviewed by: Victorian Children's Literature: Experiencing Abjection, Empathy, and the Power of Love by Ruth Y. Jenkins Patrick C. Fleming (bio) Ruth Y. Jenkins, Victorian Children's Literature: Experiencing Abjection, Empathy, and the Power of Love. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Print. From its title, Victorian Children's Literature led me to expect an argument about nineteenth-century culture and society. I might be forgiven this assumption, since the book jacket promises revelations about "social, economic, religious, and national energies" and Jenkins's earlier book, Reclaiming [End Page 406] Myths of Power: Women Writers and the Victorian Spiritual Crisis (1995), had examined gender roles and the Victorian crisis of faith. Astute readers of Jenkins's subtitle—those drawn to the term "abjection"—might have more accurate expectations, for the book ultimately has less to do with the Victorian period than with Julia Kristeva. Though Jenkins discusses texts published between 1858 and 1911, Kristeva's writings, rather than anything particularly Victorian, provide the foundation holding the chapters together. She reads Victorian-era texts "through Julia Kristeva's theories of abjection, the beloved authority, and Herethics" (173). Citing the chapter on the "Adolescent Novel" in Kristeva's New Maladies of the Soul, Jenkins explains Kristeva's concept of subjects-in-process who, through literature, "can experiment with alternative constructs of self without the risk of sanction." For young readers, "the open psychic structure enables experimentation with personalities that endorse or challenge, test or develop responses to cultural values" (7). Jenkins explores how texts for adolescents challenge those values and allow for the reader's psychic development. Jenkins's approach is perhaps best revealed in the verb most often used in her claims: "illustrate." In chapter 2, the metaphor of bathing in The Water-Babies "illustrates a return to the Semiotic state for Tom" (25). In chapter 4, the experiences of Ralph, the narrator of The Coral Island, "illustrate what is at the heart of Kristeva's theories of the signifying process" (71) while Nesbit's The Story of the Treasure Seekers "illustrates a variety of opportunities for a beloved authority to acknowledge the emerging self" (83). In chapter 5, which is about animal narrators, Rambles of a Rat "illustrates the process Kristeva posits as necessary for the emergent self" (103) while "Black Beauty illustrates a reassessment of the inevitability or appeal of binaried constructs" (108). In each case, a Victorian text "illustrates" a concept from Kristeva (such as the signifying process, beloved authority, the emergent self, or binary constructs). Those readings are convincing, as far as they go, but in my view the most insightful and compelling readings come in the last two chapters. In chapter 6 Jenkins responds to interpretations of The Secret Garden as a restoration story that, in shifting attention from Mary to Colin, privileges male energy and re-establishes traditional social patterns. Jenkins instead reads the novel as offering "an alternative model of social interaction" that challenges the "Victorian discourse of competition," even though its 1911 publication puts it slightly outside the period (120–21). The chapter is framed by readings of Friedrich Fröebel's and Herbert Spencer's educational theories, claiming that "Fröebel's description of mother-love anticipates" a Kristevan dynamic that challenges Spencer's model of "competitive struggle" (123). In Jenkins's view, "Burnett is not just replacing one cultural model with another; she is [End Page 407] blurring the boundaries between them … dismantling the binary oppositions and offering a non-competitive, companion image in its stead" (131). So any interpretation that reads the novel's return to Colin as re-establishing traditional social patterns "falls into a trap built from binary constructs—that it is either Mary's or Colin's story, that theirs is a competitive relationship" (137). Jenkins's application of Kristeva offers an alternative interpretation, based in compassion rather than competition. Chapter 7 applies Kristeva's "maternal thinking" and Herethics to one of Christina Rossetti's less famous works, Speaking Likenesses. Jenkins shows how "Speaking Likenesses illustrates the dynamic relationship of abjection's sublime, empathy, and love central to Herethics" (145). Jenkins situates her reading within the critical reception of Rossetti's text, which since its publication has been criticized...

Self-Organized Societies: On the Sakoda Model of Social Interactions

We characterize the behavior and the social structures appearing from a model of general social interaction proposed by Sakoda. The model consists of two interacting populations in a two-dimensional periodic lattice with empty sites. It contemplates a set of simple rules that combine attitudes, ranges of interactions, and movement decisions. We analyze the evolution of the 45 different interaction rules via a Potts-like energy function which drives the system irreversibly to an equilibrium or a steady state. We discuss the robustness of the social structures, dynamical behaviors, and the existence of spatial long range order in terms of the social interactions and the equilibrium energy.

Determining the Roles of Mentors in the Teachers’ Use of Technology: Implementation of Systems-Based Mentoring Model

The role of supporting teachers related to the technology integration was generally given to the school managers. However, it is pointed out that the school managers fail to satisfy in having knowledge about using teaching technologies, perceiving their user, cooperative, and facilitating roles in learning-teaching process and they were insufficient in the mentorship (Brockmeier, Sermon, & Hope, 2005; Can, 2008). In this context, as well as school managers, other specialized people in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) integration related to technology integration is also needed. Sugar and Holloman (2009) determined that those experts who may be assigned as mentors, should be eager to learn new technologies, capable of solving technical problems, able to access technology resources, and have capacity of cooperating with teachers. In order to conduct an effective ICT integration process, a mentor is expected to interact with teachers by presenting new technologies related to their fields, supporting them in solving the technical problems, developing the materials which they employ in their lessons, and suggesting different technologies for different issues (Anderson & Dexter, 2005; Frazier & Bailey, 2004; Sugar, 2005). On the other hand, Lesisko (2005) emphasized that mentors have positive effects on removing the anxieties and providing professional development for the teachers.In the technology integration process, numerous components take place such as teachers, administrators, schools/institutions, infrastructure/resources, experience and attitudes. The complexity of the interactions between the components guided researchers to construct various models to define and implement the process (Cakiroglu, 2013; Mazman & Usluel, 2011). In order to determine the stages of integration, Toledo (2005) aimed to determine the stages of integration process with regard to features of educational, Wang and Woo (2007) focused on determining the ICT integration levels drawing attention on handled issue, Roblyer (2006) revealed the conditions of establishing the principles of integration. The efforts related to the integration process generally reflect social, pedagogical, and technical dimensions in order to guide the implement the ICT technologies to learning environments (Wang, 2008), and determine the factors affecting to this integration and the implementation process in teaching programs from school based perspectives (Vanderlinde & van Braak, 2010). Some integration models have been implemented in the last two decades in order to provide maximum efficiency in the integration process. Five-step integration model of computer technologies (Toledo, 2005), systemic planning model (Wang & Woo, 2007), technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge model (Mishra & Koehler, 2006), generic model of pedagogy, social interaction and technology (Wang, 2008), e-capacity model (Vanderlinde & vanBraak, 2010), and technology integration planning model (Roblyer, 2006) related to technology integration are some of those. Another model, Systems-Based Mentoring Model (SBMM) came into prominence in terms of removing the obstacles and complexity of the new technologies which enters into learning environments which the teachers frequently encounter (Kopcha, 2010). In the model, the teachers are guided to employ the technology through experiencing various activities in the stages of the model. Basically, the model promises teachers' guidance which is administered by the mentors. Numerous common obstacles (time, attitude, access, culture, professional development etc.) encountered by teachers who is overcomes via the facilitating roles of the mentorship. Moreover, various strategies such as creating a vision for technology integration, modelling the use of technology and training leader teachers are also included in the model. The structure of the model was summarized in Figure 1.According to the model, technology integration process consists of four basic stages, shown in the shape of overlapping circles in the figure. …

Поликультурная модель социальных взаимодействий в контексте христианских парадигм

Поликультурная модель социальных взаимодействий в контексте христианских парадигм

Московская школа социальной организации

The article considers Moscow Sociological School of the 1960s - 1970s, which originated on the basis of the research project “Social Organization” developed by talented Moscow sociologists and philosophers. Under the leadership of N.I. Lapin, they made a methodological breakthrough that was not correctly understood at that time and is still underestimated. The concept “labor collective” used by the overwhelming majority of Soviet scientists to describe personnel of an industrial enterprise or a working team had a huge ideological potential and was politically engaged. This concept helped not to explain the empirical data, but rather to demonstrate the high socialist morality of the working class and its solidarity with the leading party cell. The sector for the study of labor collectives was established in 1968, and in 1969 it was transformed into a department focusing on the world science achievements. Due to the thorough study of such innovations, the concept “labor collective” gradually evolved into a more fruitful and promising concept “social organization”. Such a methodological move allowed to use the system approach that was popular at that period, to rely on the findings of Western sociology, mainly on the structural-functional analysis, and on the motivational models of social interaction developed in management. In just five years, participants of the project conducted 28 empirical studies of 100 objects. The total number of respondents was about 25 thousand. The list of publications of the project participants consists of 35 monographs, 10 thematic collections and more than 50 articles (more than 600 publications in total). The team of scientists was dismissed for political reasons.

Coevolving complex networks in the model of social interactions

We analyze Axelrod’s model of social interactions on coevolving complex networks. We introduce four extensions with different mechanisms of edge rewiring. The models are intended to catch two kinds of interactions—preferential attachment, which can be observed in scientists or actors collaborations, and local rewiring, which can be observed in friendship formation in everyday relations. Numerical simulations show that proposed dynamics can lead to the power-law distribution of nodes’ degree and high value of the clustering coefficient, while still retaining the small-world effect in three models. All models are characterized by two phase transitions of a different nature. In case of local rewiring we obtain order–disorder discontinuous phase transition even in the thermodynamic limit, while in case of long-distance switching discontinuity disappears in the thermodynamic limit, leaving one continuous phase transition. In addition, we discover a new and universal characteristic of the second transition point—an abrupt increase of the clustering coefficient, due to formation of many small complete subgraphs inside the network.

A user’s personality prediction approach by mining network interaction behaviors on Facebook

Purpose For an enterprise, it is essential to win as many customers as possible. The key to successfully winning customers is often determined by understanding the personality characteristics of the object of communication in order to employ an effective communication strategy. An enterprise needs to obtain the personality information of target or potential customers. However, the traditional method for personality evaluation is extremely costly in terms of time and labor, and it cannot acquire customer personality information without their awareness. Therefore, the manner in which to effectively conduct automated personality predictions for a large number of objects is an important issue. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The diverse social media that have emerged in recent years represent a digital platform on which users can publicly deliver speeches and interact with others. Thus, social media may be able to serve the needs of automated personality predictions. Based on user data of Facebook, the main social media platform around the world, this research developed a method for predicting personality types based on interaction logs. Findings Experimental results show that the Naïve Bayes classification algorithm combined with a feature selection algorithm produces the best performance for predicting personality types, with 70-80 percent accuracy. Research limitations/implications In this research, the dominance, inducement, submission, and compliance (DISC) theory was used to determine personality types. Some specific limitations were encountered. As Facebook was used as the main data source, it was necessary to obtain related data via Facebook’s API (FB API). However, the data types accessible via FB API are very limited. Practical implications This research serves to build a universal model for social media interaction, and can be used to propose an efficient method for designing interaction features. Originality/value This research has developed an approach for automatically predicting the personality types of network users based on their Facebook interactions.

Estimation of Social Interaction Models Using Regularization

In social interaction models, the identification of the network effect is based on either group size variation, structure of the network or the relative position in the network measured by the Bonacich centrality measure. These identification strategies imply the use of many instruments or instruments that are highly correlated. The use of highly correlated instruments may lead to the weak identification of the parameters while, in finite samples, the inclusion of an excessive number of moments increases the bias. This paper proposes regularized versions of the 2SLS and GMM as a solution to these problems. The regularization is based on three different methods: Tikhonov, Landweber Fridman, and Principal Components. The proposed estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. A Monte Carlo study illustrates the relevance of the estimators and evaluates their finite sample performance.