Social Interaction Variables Research Articles

Cultural heritage participation in Italy: the role of human and social capital

PurposeThis paper examines the relationship between human and social capital and participation and frequency of visits to museums, archaeological sites and monuments, controlling for any possible demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. It reviews the literature on the determinants of heritage participation to highlight the importance of educational attainment and the lack of work on social relations.Design/methodology/approachIt uses the microdata of the “Multipurpose Survey on Households – Aspects of Daily Life”, available from the Italian Statistical Office for the years 2015–2020, to estimate ordered probit and zero-inflated ordered probit models.FindingsThe results show that Italians’ participation in cultural heritage activities and the frequency of such participation are primarily related to education level, followed by social interaction variables. However, when we interplay education level and social relations variables, the findings show that people with a high school qualification (diploma) who meet friends several times a week and are satisfied with relationships with friends display negative correlations with participation and frequency in cultural heritage activities. Other important determinants of the participation and frequency of cultural heritage activities are gender, student status, foreign citizenship and higher occupations.Originality/valueTo our knowledge, this is the first paper that studies the role of human and social capital in heritage cultural participation in Italy as well as the first study in literature on cultural participation that analyses the interplay between human capital and social relations.

The impact of digital communication and offline social interactions on depressive symptoms in Chinese older people.

In a special period of lack of offline social interaction (pandemic), the mentality of older people is changing quietly. This study aims to dissect the impact of these changes on their mental health. Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2020), this research included 7,784 participants aged over 60 years. It evaluated the prevalence of depressive symptoms, and assessed the relative effects of these interactions on depressive symptoms. (1) a depressive symptom prevalence of 40.65%; (2) a modest engagement in digital communication, with only 20.39% of the older participating; (3) varying prevalences of depressive symptoms across groups, with notable differences depending on the type and combination of social interactions. Specifically, the prevalence was 21.7% among those engaging only in digital communication, and varied from 21.7 to 32.0% among other groups, highlighting the significant impact of social interaction patterns on depressive symptoms. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of these findings (χ 2 = 42.415, p < 0.001). (4) In the first model, digital communication was associated with a lower likelihood of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.820, 95%CI: 0.707-0.950, p < 0.05). The second model showed no significant effect of offline social interactions on depressive symptoms (OR = 0.124, 95%CI: 0.917-1.143, p = 0.678). The third model demonstrated that the inclusion of offline social interaction variables did not significantly alter the beneficial effect of digital communication (OR = 0.820, 95%CI: 0.707-0.952, p < 0.05). (5) The results of the 1:1 matching analysis indicated that digital communication significantly alleviated depressive symptoms in older people (ATT = -0.054, p < 0.05). Conversely, offline social interactions did not significantly affect the depressive symptoms of this demographic (ATT = -0.028, p > 0.05). The depressive symptoms among older people in China has greatly increased during 2020 which year the COVID-19 pandemic was in the early stage, accompanied by considerable changes in their modes of social interaction. Our findings suggest that the influences of digital communication and offline social interactions on depressive symptoms may have operated independently during the pandemic. The potential of digital communication engagements in enhancing mental health, particularly in exceptional circumstances such as during a pandemic, underscores the need for further exploration.

Pengaruh Interaksi Sosial terhadap Kemampuan Emosi Anak Usia Dini di Raudhatul Athfal Tunas Kualuh Kecamatan Kualuh Hilir Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara

This study aims to determine the effect of social interaction on the emotional abilities of early childhood in Raudhatul Athfal Tunas Kualuh, Kualuh Hilir District, North Labuhanbatu Regency and identify the effect of social interaction on children's emotional abilities. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research, the population in this study involved 30 respondents and respondents using instruments that were tested for validity and reliability of sampling techniques using probability techniques, data collection instruments using observation and documentation. As for the formulation of the problem, namely how is the social interaction of children in RA Tunas Kualuh, how is the emotional ability of children in RA Tunas Kualuh, and is there an influence of social interaction on children's emotional abilities in RA Tunas Kualuh? The data analysis techniques used are normality test, and homogeneity test and hypothesis test (T test). Based on the results of the study that the validity test shows that the instruments for social interaction variables (X1) and emotional abilities (Y2) are valid and reliable. Normality test with Kolmogorov-Smirnov shows that the data is normally distributed (Asymp.Sig. = 0.370). The homogeneity test showed that the variance between groups was homogeneous (Sig = 0.517). The results of the hypothesis test (T test) indicated that social interaction has a significant influence on children's emotional abilities (Sig = 0.000), with a Beta coefficient of -0.723. This study concluded that social interaction plays a significant role in influencing children's emotional abilities in RA Tunas Kualuh, with the instruments used being valid and reliable. Thus Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted that social interaction does have a significant influence on children's emotional abilities.

Social and environmental dimensions of public spaces of the indigenous territory of the Sierra de Manantlan mountain range, Jalisco state, western Mexico

The social and environmental dimension of the public space occupants of the indigenous territory of the Sierra de Manantlan, Jalisco, has a crucial place in the heritage of Mexico, such is the case of its form of idiosyncrasy, mutual interaction, and coexistence. The cultural, political, and economic organizations the Sierra de Manantlan mark an identity of the native peoples, where their customs, communal life, and solidarity work are preserved. The research objective was to evaluate the social perception and environmental habitability conditions of public space occupants in the towns of Chacala and Telcruz. Therefore, semi-structured interviews were conducted for the primary actors in both study areas and 259 information cards were applied to the inhabitants with data regarding social interaction variables and meteorological conditions in two seasons (summer and winter of a calendar year). Regarding data analysis and statistical purposes, the Pearson and Spearman correlations was used according to the needs of the study. The results revealed that the occupants of public spaces mostly report the pleasure of interacting in said spaces; however, they indicate that they would like an intervention or remodeling in the place that would encourage greater interaction with their neighbors, family, and friends. Another additional fact is that climatic variables, especially in summer, harm the desire to attend or stay in said spaces because of the lack of natural elements or bioclimatic devices that mitigate the environmental impact.

Temporal trends of land-use favourability for the strongly declining little bustard: assessing the role of protected areas.

The little bustard (Tetrax tetrax) is a steppe bird strongly and negatively influenced by agricultural intensification in Europe. Here, we use the little bustard as a model species to examine how favourability (relative occurrence likelihood of a species based on environmental characteristics, such as habitat availability) varies regionally with degree of protection in north-western Spain. The Natura2000 network is one of the main biodiversity conservation tools of the European Union, aiming to protect areas hosting species of conservation concern from unfavourable land-use changes. The network covers many landscapes across the continent, including farmland. Additionally, we examine the relationship between trends in land-use favourability and little bustard population trends over a decade in the Nature Reserve of Lagunas de Villafáfila, a protected area also in the Natura2000 network where active and intense management focused on steppe bird conservation is carried out. Favourability was much greater in Villafáfila than in both protected areas with lower degree of protection and in non-protected areas. Land-use favourability increased slightly between 2011 and 2020 both in and out of protected areas, whereas little bustard populations declined sharply in that period, even in Villafáfila. Spatial variations in little bustard abundance within Villafáfila depended on social attraction (increasing with the number of neighbouring males) but not significantly on small-scale variations in land-use favourability. These results suggest that land-use management in Natura2000 areas needs to be more conservation-focused, favouring natural and seminatural habitats and traditional farming practices to improve land-use favourability for little bustards and other steppe birds. Additional factors, such as field-level agricultural management or social interaction variables that may cause an Allee effect, should be incorporated in little bustard favourability models to improve their use in conservation planning.

The Impact of Social Interaction for the Result of Social Subject Grade VII in UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Pematang Siantar

This research aims to determine the "Influence of Social Interaction on Student Learning Outcomes in Social Sciences Subjects Class VIII UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Pematang Siantar". This type of research is quantitative research with a quantitative descriptive analysis approach. The research population was students at the UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Pematang Siantar school with a total of 187 students. The sampling technique used was the Slovin sampling technique. Data collection techniques use questionnaires, tests and documentation. The hypothesis generation technique uses simple linear regression analysis and the coefficient of determination (R2). The results of the research show that: there is a positive and significant influence on social interaction on student learning outcomes. This result can be seen in the t test where the calculated t value of social interaction (9.995) &gt; t table value (2.6025) which means the variable is significant. The R Square coefficient of determination test was found to be 0.35, which means that 35% of social interaction variables influence student learning outcomes at the UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Pematang Siantar school. Meanwhile, 65% is the influence of other variables not examined in this research. Y : 10.127 + 0.778

The Effect of Social Interaction and Social Support on E-Commerce Purchase Intention: UGT and TAM Theory Perspective

Purpose: This study was to analyze the essence of combining the TAM and UGT theory in shaping consumer purchase intentions in e-commerce. This was accomplished by developing an empirical research model based on direct and moderating relationships on purchase intention. Theorethical Framework: This study involves 7 hypotheses that are described comprehensively in section 2. The independent variables are Benefits Perceived (BP), Ease of Use Perceived (EoUP), Risk Perceived (RP), Moderating Variables are Social Support &amp; Social Interaction (SI), and the Dependent variable is Purchase Intention (PI). Method: Furthermore, the total sample in this study involved 938 respondents, data were collected using online surveys, and the method of analysis used was PLS. Results and Conclusion: The results show a close positive association between UGT and TAM theory on the consumers’ buying intentions. In addition, the findings indicate the propensity for Social Interaction &amp; Support; thus, empirically built hypotheses specified that most TAM variables had a positive and significant effect on puberty purchase intention. Therefore, asides from where Risk Perceived confers a little influence through direct effect relationships, a positive and significant impact on purchase intention is perceived if social interaction &amp; social support variables moderate the risk. Originality/Value: This study in testing the relationship between variables is based on two theoretical approaches: UGT and TAM. Besides, measuring variables by moderation uses social support and interaction variables.

PENDEKATAN PSIKOLOGI UNTUK KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

The investment world is one of the areas that has felt the impact, this is due to various restrictions on activities which ultimately affect the activities of the national economy. It is important for investors to maintain, follow and be able to analyze pandemic Covid-19 conditions with proper observations and calculations so that total losses can be minimized as small as possible. A psychological approach to investment decision-making can be done with many factors. The level of trust, historical data, social relationships, emotions, and past experiences can be one of the bases for making investment decisions. The data in this study are primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to the public in Indonesia via a google form. The sample taken in this study was 100 respondents. Multiple linear regression analysis has been used to analyze the data in this study. Heuristics, Emotion, and considering the past variables have an effect on investment decisions. However, overconfidence and social interaction variables have no significant effect on decision-making when investing.

HUBUNGAN INTERAKSI SOSIAL DAN HARGA DIRI DENGAN KOHESIVITAS KELOMPOK PADA SISWA SEKOLAH SEPAKBOLA (SSB) DI KUDUS

This study aims to determine the relationship of social interaction and self-esteem with group cohesiveness of SSB students in Kudus. The subjects of this study were 80 students of SSB in Kudus. The sampling technique in this study used a quota sampling technique. The measuring tools used to obtain the data are the social interaction scale, self-esteem scale, and group cohesiveness scale. The results of data analysis using Regression Analysis where the calculation uses the SPSS 15.0 program. The results of the correlation coefficient rx1,2y of 0.836 with p of 0.000 (p&lt;0.01) mean that there is a very significant relationship between social interaction and self-esteem with group cohesiveness. The result of the correlation coefficient between social interaction variables and group cohesiveness rx1y is 0.836 with p of 0.000 (p &lt;0.01) this means that there is a very significant positive relationship between social interaction and group cohesiveness. While the correlation coefficient between the variable self-esteem and group cohesiveness rx2y is 0.708 with p of 0.000 (p &lt;0.01) this means that there is a very significant positive relationship between self-esteem and group cohesiveness. The effective contribution of the independent variable to the dependent variable is 69.9%.

The Social and Psychological Effects of Inclusive Education of Persons with Hearing Disability in Society: A Field Study at the Disability Resource Centre (Sharjah University)

The objective of inclusive education is to increase the quality of social and psychological integration in society of students with disabilities in the learning process. This study aimed to identify the social and psychological effects of inclusive education of students with hearing disabilities at Sharjah University’s Disability Resource Centre. The study adopted a descriptive analytical approach with a purposive sample comprising 24 students with hearing impairment. An electronic questionnaire comprising 25 psychological and social statements and nine open-ended questions was administered to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The results revealed positive correlation coefficients between inclusive education and both psychological adjustment and social interaction and negative relationships between gender and age and both social interaction and psychological adaptation variables (for age ρ = 0.091 and ρ = 0.262 and for gender ρ = 0.47 and ρ = 0.076, respectively). A statistically significant difference of less than 0.05 was found in favour of those who agreed that inclusion affects psychological adaptation. A statistically significant difference of less than 0.05 was found in favour of students who agreed that inclusion affects social interaction. The research results can be used in the practice of inclusive education to determine ways to improve the social and psychological adaptation of students with hearing impairments.

Social Interaction Within a Trauma-Exposed Population During the Early Phase of COVID-19

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has led to significant stressors and shifts in social life, yet social interactions experienced by people with trauma exposure during the COVID pandemic is largely unknown. This study assessed the frequency of interactions, social support given and received, and prosocial behavior using online survey methods (N = 1049). We examined differences in experiences across three groups: no trauma exposure, trauma-exposed with low PTSD symptoms, and trauma-exposed with high PTSD symptoms. We also explored correlations between social interactions and PTSD symptom clusters. Results indicated significant differences across groups and the high PTSD group reported stronger associations between social interaction variables and symptom clusters, on average.

Relationship Of Pragmatic Abilities And Social Interaction With Intensity Of Using Gadgets In Kindergarten Children In Surakarta

Background: The occurrence of serious problems in children's mental development, that children will become aggressive, lack of social interaction and deteriorating of communication skills, is affected by the introduction of gadgets too early and the intensity of uncontrolled use of gadgets by parents. Aim of this study is to determine the relationship between pragmatic ability and social interaction with the intensity of using gadgets in kindergarten children in Surakarta.&#x0D; Methods: This research was conducted in the kindergarden TK ABA Thoyibah Surakarta, TK Sri Juwita Hanum Surakarta dan TK Negeri Pembina city of Surakarta in april until august 2020. Sample conduct using total sampling technique. Amount of sample is 115 students of kindergarden. The relationship of the variables studied, both pragmatic ability and social interaction with the intensity of using gadgets, is an Odds Ratio (OR), which is exponential from b, the statistical significance of the Odds Ratio is tested with mannova.&#x0D; Results: The results of the analysis of the pragmatic ability variable showed that Exp B: 2,916, p: 0,420. The results of the social interaction variable analysis showed that Exp B: 2,977, p: 0.011.&#x0D; Conclusion: Pragmatic ability and social intensity are jointly related to the intensity of using gadgest in kindergarten students in Surakarta, with the results of the analysis of the variable pragmatic ability Exp B: 2,916, p: 0,420 and the results of the analysis of social interaction variables Exp B: 2,977, p: 0.011.

The Influence of Social Interaction and Children's Language Ability on Students' Language Politeness in Class IV SD Negeri 010157 Sei Muka, Talawi District, Batu Bara Regency

This study aims to determine the effect of social interaction and children's language skills on language politeness of fourth grade students at SD Negeri 010157 Sei Muka, Talawi District, and Batubara Regency. Data collection was carried out by using a questionnaire for social interaction variables and language politeness, and multiple choice tests for language proficiency variables. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis techniques. The results of this study show that the Social Interaction variable has a positive influence on Language Politeness. The results of data analysis for the effect of Social Interaction on Language Politeness amounted to 0.000 &lt;0.05 and tcount 27.531&gt; ttable 2.063. Obtaining data for the effect of Language Ability on Language Politeness is 0.024 &lt;0.05 and the tcount value is 2.431&gt; ttable 2.063. Based on the results of the data analysis that has been done, the Language Ability variable affects Language Politeness. While the results of data analysis for the effect of Social Interaction and Language Ability together on Language Politeness is 0.000 &lt;0.05 and the value of Fcount is 349.654&gt; Ftable 3.39, so it can be concluded that the Ha test is accepted, which means that there is an influence of Social Interaction and Language Ability together on Politeness of Language.

Investigating contextual influences on urban soundscape evaluations with structural equation modeling

Abstract Previous soundscape research has shown a complex relationship between soundscapes, public space usage and contexts of users’ visits to the space. Yet many of these findings are restricted to one study site at a time and may not generalize to a global understanding of urban sound environments. The present study is a comparative analysis of in situ questionnaires collected over four study sites in Montreal (N = 1429) in both French and English. At each site, the questionnaire included items from the Swedish Soundscape Quality Protocol and other soundscape variables, as well as person-related (age, gender, extraversion, noise sensitivity) and situation-related (social interaction) variables. We first tested measurement invariance between the French and English versions of the used soundscape questionnaire. We then investigated the influence of contextual factors (combining person-related and situation-related variables) on soundscape evaluations. The analyses confirmed the underlying conceptualizations of proposed soundscape assessment questionnaires, confirmed metric invariance between French and English questionnaires, and revealed significant influences of contextual factors on soundscape dimensions. Our analysis further suggests that younger people, women, and extraverted people occupy the public space more in groups, and that people in groups rate the soundscape as more pleasant and less eventful. Older people and women were found to be more sensitive to noise, and more sensitive people tended to perceive the soundscape as less pleasant and less monotonous. This research represents a critical step in rigorously assessing soundscape evaluation methods and establishes solid groundwork to build more complex models of contextual influences on soundscape evaluation.

Predicting workplace loneliness in the nursing profession.

This study examined a model investigating how social interaction variables (leader-member exchange (interactions between managers and nurses), trust, and communication frequency) and work meaningfulness influence nurses' experiences of workplace loneliness. As workplace loneliness can result in lower job satisfaction and a decrease in workers' health, understanding the contributing factors to loneliness at work is important. In this cross-sectional study, Turkish nurses (N=864) completed self-report scales measuring social exchange between leaders and members, trust in leaders, communication frequency, work meaningfulness, and loneliness. To avoid fatigue and method variance influence, scales were completed over two testing times (separated by a month). Workplace loneliness was associated with less social interaction with leaders (lower leader-member exchange and frequency of communication), less trust in leaders, and lower reports of meaningful work. The results suggest that workplace loneliness can be reduced when managers exchange more information and communicate more frequently with their nurses. Workplace loneliness is also reduced when nurses trust their leaders and find their work meaningful. Managers supervising nurses need to be aware that workplace loneliness occurs and that their interactions and relationships with the nurses will have an impact on experienced workplace loneliness.

Church-based social interactions and psychotic experiences among Black Americans: findings from the National Survey of American Life

ABSTRACTReligious attendance has generally been salutary for mental health, though recent evidence suggests that church attendance has no significant relation with psychotic experiences. This study will examine how various types of church-based social interactions might be related to psychotic experiences. We analysed data from the National Survey of American Life –a representative sample of Black Americans in the United States –and used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations between seven church-based social interaction variables and lifetime psychotic experiences. In separate models, church attendance, church member interaction, and closeness to church members were not significantly associated with psychotic experiences, while greater emotional support, negative social interactions, providing help to other church members and receiving help from fellow church members were associated with increased odds of reporting psychotic experiences. But in a fully adjusted model including all church-based social interaction variables, only negative church interactions and giving help to church members were significantly associated with psychotic experiences. Church-based social interactions did not protect against psychotic experiences, and in some cases increased risk. Future studies should explore why the deleterious aspects of social interactions prevail over the beneficial ones.

Parent coaching at 6 and 10months improves language outcomes at 14months: A randomized controlled trial.

Previous studies reveal an association between particular features of parental language input and advances in children's language learning. However, it is not known whether parent coaching aimed to enhance specific input components would (a) successfully increase these components in parents' language input and (b) result in concurrent increases in children's language development. The present randomized controlled trial assigned families of typically developing 6-month-old infants to Intervention (parent coaching) and Control (no coaching) groups. Families were equivalent on socioeconomic status, infants' gender, and infants' age. Parent coaching took place when infants were 6 and 10months of age, and included quantitative and qualitative linguistic feedback on the amount of child-directed speech, back-and-forth interactions, and parentese speech style. These variables were derived from each family's first-person LENA recordings at home. Input variables and infant language were measured at 6, 10, and 14months. Parent coaching significantly enhanced language input as measured by two social interaction variables: percentage of speech directed to the child and percentage of parentese speech. These two variables were correlated, and were both related to growth in infant babbling between 6 and 14months. Intervention infants showed greater growth in babbling than Control infants. Furthermore, at 14months, Intervention infants produced significantly more words than Control infants, as indicated by LENA recordings and parent report via the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory. Together, these results indicate that parent coaching can enrich specific aspects of parental language input, and can immediately and positively impact child language outcomes. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/7wqR28gPiwo.

Randomized controlled study on the effectiveness of animal‐assisted therapy on depression, anxiety, and illness perception in institutionalized elderly

The aim of this study was to verify dog-assisted therapy's effectiveness on depression and anxiety in institutionalized elderly. Patients' illness perception was examined to identify core beliefs regarding mood, personal control, and illness coherence because they can affect treatment compliance. Subjective perception of pain, social interaction, and setting-bound observable variables were also studied. This study involved a randomized sample of institutionalized patients 65 years of age and older; the treatment group had 17 subjects and the control group had 14 subjects. All patients were administered the Mini-Mental State Examination, 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7, Illness Perception Questionnaire, and Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Intra- and inter-group data analysis was performed before and after treatment. Over the course of 10 weeks, patients participated in individual 30-min sessions. An observational methodology was developed to record verbal and non-verbal interactions between the elderly, the dog, and the dog handler. A large effect size and a statistically significant decrease in 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale scores were identified in the treatment group. No significant differences were detected in the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and Numeric Pain Rating Scale. However, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale showed a moderate decrease. The Illness Perception Questionnaire's timeline (acute/chronic) and treatment control subscales showed a clinically relevant, large effect size. Dog-assisted therapy has proved to be effective in reducing symptoms of depression in institutionalized elderly. The increase in verbal interactions with the handlers throughout the study suggests the dog acts as a facilitator of social interaction, eliciting positive emotional responses. Dog-assisted therapy shows promising results in the perception of illness timeline and treatment control, indicating potential enhancement of the sense of treatment-related empowerment. However, further study is required.

Predictors of leadership skills of Pennsylvanian youth

This study was designed to understand the factors contributing to the development of youth leaders. A descriptive correlational study was conducted to reach this goal, and a mixed method approach was used. Four Pennsylvania public high schools with agriculture programs were selected to participate in this study. Data from 421 students were collected (86% response rate) to determine the factors contributing to leadership development. This was coupled with 19 key informant interviews with teachers and students. The findings of this research indicate that social support was the most important predictor of leadership skills. This was followed by civic engagement and social interaction variables. Participation in leadership programs was also related to leadership skills. Additionally, gender differences existed in leadership skills, with females showing higher levels.

Posting photos on Facebook: The impact of Narcissism, Social Anxiety, Loneliness, and Shyness

Abstract Facebook is the most popular social networking site in the world. It allows its users to present themselves, and interact with each other, in many different ways including sharing personal photos. The current study investigated the influence of social interaction variables Shyness, Loneliness, and Social Anxiety, the self-presentation variable Narcissism, and Facebook users' age on photo sharing. Within this we focused on the nature and frequency of posting photos, and how often these were interacted with. These variables have previously been investigated separately but not together. A total of 264 participants, 75 males and 189 females, ranging in age from 16 to 72 years (M = 31.65, SD = 13.24) answered an online questionnaire about Facebook use and individual difference characteristics. The kinds of photos posted were categorised as family, significant-other, friends, pets, oneself, parties, travel, sport, food, achievements, and other. Results revealed that time spent on Facebook, Age and Narcissism impacted positively, and Loneliness and Shyness impacted negatively, on the frequency of posting of some categories of photos online. Future research should extend the study of the impact of these social and self-presentation variables on Facebook behaviours.