Social Intelligence Research Articles

Redefining social intelligence through self-efficacy and personal autonomy: Development and validation of the efficient social intelligence scale

ABSTRACT Background Over the years, scholars have conceived and operationalized social intelligence in several ways that were mostly inclined toward social compliance. The current research emphasized the role of subjectivity, self-efficacy, and personal autonomy in social intelligence in addition to the traditional aspects of social intelligence such as knowledge about social norms and maintaining healthy social relationships. The objective of the current research was to develop and validate a new scale on social intelligence, focusing more on self-efficacy and personal autonomy. The scale was labeled as Efficient Social Intelligence Scale—ESIS. Methods The ESIS was developed and validated in a series of four phases by involving 744 conveniently selected participants (Mage = 23 years, SD = 6.18; women = 55.5%). The ESIS was evaluated through rigorous statistical procedures involving internal consistency, exploratory & confirmatory factor analyses, and convergent & discriminant validity. Results The ESIS was found to be a highly reliable and valid instrument having nine items and four sub-scales. Indicators such as Cronbach’s alpha (0.830), average item-total correlation (r = 0.614; p < .001), average item-scale correlation (r = 0.913; p < .001), comparative fit index (0.990), Tucker-Lewis index (0.983), root mean square error of approximation (0.045), standardized root mean square residual (0.027), convergent validity with TROMSO social intelligence scale (r = 0.562; p < .001), and discriminant validity with psychosocial illness (r = -0.200; p < .001) established the reliability and validity of the PS. Additionally, men reported significantly higher levels of social intelligence as compared to women (Men = 82.82%; Women = 81.19%; p < .05; Cohen’s d = 0.184). Conclusion The ESIS redefines social intelligence to emphasize personal autonomy and subjective fulfillment within social interactions.

Analysing expression of loneliness and insomnia through social intelligence analysis

BackgroundLoneliness and insomnia are mutually occurring conditions. This paper investigates whether keywords depicting loneliness and insomnia are expressed together on social media. Understanding loneliness through data fills the gaps or...

The impact of dance on enhancing social skills and emotional intelligence through creativity.

This research aims to analyze the impact of dance experience on the development of social and emotional competence in individuals, as well as to determine the influence of dance on the development of social interaction skills, communication, and perception of others. Additionally, through experimental means, effective strategies for utilizing dance to improve levels of social and emotional competence are identified. The study was conducted using online surveys and questionnaires. For data processing and analysis, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was employed, enabling the assessment of differences between the control and experimental groups across multiple dependent variables. Participants in the experimental group who participated in the program achieved a mean score of 75, which was higher than the control group's mean score of 70. The MANOVA confirmed the statistical significance of the obtained results, with an F-statistic of 7.412 and a p-value of <0.05. Furthermore, the experimental group demonstrated greater consistency in achieving program goals, as evidenced by a smaller standard deviation (10) compared to the control group (12). Therefore, the dance program can be recognized as an effective tool for developing social and emotional competence in youth. The practical significance of this article lies in the confirmation that participants in the experimental group, engaged in the program, achieved higher mean scores compared to the control group without such experience. Statistical analysis underscores the effectiveness of the program.

A Comprehensive Analysis of a Social Intelligence Dataset and Response Tendencies Between Large Language Models (LLMs) and Humans.

In recent years, advancements in the interaction and collaboration between humans and have garnered significant attention. Social intelligence plays a crucial role in facilitating natural interactions and seamless communication between humans and Artificial Intelligence (AI). To assess AI's ability to understand human interactions and the components necessary for such comprehension, datasets like Social-IQ have been developed. However, these datasets often rely on a simplistic question-and-answer format and lack justifications for the provided answers. Furthermore, existing methods typically produce direct answers by selecting from predefined choices without generating intermediate outputs, which hampers interpretability and reliability. To address these limitations, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of AI methods on a video-based Question Answering (QA) benchmark focused on human interactions, leveraging additional annotations related to human responses. Our analysis highlights significant differences between human and AI response patterns and underscores critical shortcomings in current benchmarks. We anticipate that these findings will guide the creation of more advanced datasets and represent an important step toward achieving natural communication between humans and AI.

The Comparison of Attributes of Social Intelligence and Machiavellianism in Managerial Work

This paper aims to contribute on a theoretical and empirical level to the solution of questions related to the use of social intelligence and Machiavellianism in the management profession, based on the theoretical treatment of the issue. It sets out to specify mutual differences and relationships relating to selected attributes of methodologies used to determine social intelligence and Machiavellianism in the conditions of managerial work. The research sample consisted of 234 participants (131 women) aged 28 to 40 (mean = 28.72; SD = 6.67). The respondents worked in both the private and public sectors in managerial and non-managerial positions. The data from the respondents were obtained by questionnaire methods, processed and analysed by mathematical-statistical methods at the descriptive and inductive statistical level, as well as more advanced statistical methods. The methods provided data on basic sociodemographic characteristics, social intelligence (MESI questionnaires) and Machiavellianism (VYSEDI). The results of the project contribution brought knowledge at the level of theoretical, empirical, as well as in the practical application of the acquired knowledge. Within the established hypotheses, we found statistically significant differences in selected attributes of social intelligence and Machiavellianism within the managers' workplace setting, as well as differences between managers and non-managers. We also identified mutual correlations between selected attributes in relation to age. On the basis of the presented results, findings and knowledge, as well as the summary and refinement of the results for practical applications, it can be concluded that the goal of the contribution has been fulfilled.

Exploring transversal competencies in engineering students through international experiences

Well-rounded professionals must have competencies that adapt their expertise to contribute to future advancements. Beyond technical prowess, skills such as critical thinking, teamwork, communication, leadership, management, and entrepreneurship are essential for the modern workforce and solving twenty-first-century problems. Lifelong learning is a fundamental educational principle that prepares individuals to acquire knowledge and skills at any stage. With this interest in mind, higher education institutions pursue abroad study programs to involve students in different learning opportunities. Stepping outside familiar environments immerses individuals in new challenges, fostering a rich learning experience that promotes the development of critical competencies shaped by a global perspective. This research analyzes the competencies students developed according to their educational model and during their experience abroad. Data were collected through a 43-question semi-structured interview with 13 undergraduate engineering students experiencing an abroad study program. Participants conducted a personal assessment to reflect on their enhancement of competencies through personal and academic performance. The analyzed competencies correlate to those defined in the Tec21 Educational Model, a model designed by Tecnologico de Monterrey in 2019, in which the participants of this research are enrolled. The model defines seven competencies that every degree must develop: self-knowledge and management, innovative entrepreneurship, social intelligence, ethical and civic engagement, reasoning for complexity, communication, and digital transformation. Results indicate that the participants mainly developed competencies in reasoning for complexity, social intelligence, and communication. Such skills are essential for tackling global challenges, as they demonstrate the ability to generate creative solutions, communicate ideas effectively, and foster meaningful collaboration. Conversely, the competencies of digital transformation and ethical and civic engagement were less developed. These findings suggest areas for improvement within the Tec21 model, emphasizing the need to cultivate individuals aware of their societal impact and proficient in applying technological tools effectively.

Impact of Emotional Intelligence and Social Intelligence On Employee Performance: Is There An Overlap

Impact of Emotional Intelligence and Social Intelligence On Employee Performance: Is There An Overlap

Exploring the intricacies of Social Intelligence, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Organizational Resilience: An Empirical Investigation

Exploring the intricacies of Social Intelligence, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Organizational Resilience: An Empirical Investigation

Emotional and Social Intelligence and~its~Impact on the Business Success of Bulgarian Digital Entrepreneurs

Emotional and Social Intelligence and~its~Impact on the Business Success of Bulgarian Digital Entrepreneurs

EFFORTS TO IMPROVE SOCIAL EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE THROUGH PLANTING ACTIVITIES FOR CHILDREN AGED 5-6 YEARS AT PGRI SRIKANDI BALAK KINDERGARTEN, SONGGON DISTRICT, BANYUWANGI IN THE 2023/2024 ACADEMIC YEAR

This study aims to improve the social emotional intelligence of children aged 5-6 years through farming activities with a focus on developing effective and enjoyable alternative learning methods. The problems underlying this study are the low level of children's social emotional intelligence, the limited variety of learning methods that can integrate social emotional aspects with practical activities, and the less than optimal use of planting activities as a learning medium in schools. Through the implementation of planting activities, this study attempts to provide solutions to these problems by creating direct learning experiences that can stimulate children's social emotional development optimally. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) methodology which is carried out in two cycles, where each cycle consists of the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects of the study were children aged 5-6 years at PGRI Srikandi Balak Kindergarten, totaling 15 children. The data collection technique used structured observation with observation sheets, documentation, and interviews. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the research and discussion that has been carried out, farming has proven to be effective in improving social emotional intelligence in children aged 5-6 years at PGRI Srikandi Balak Kindergarten

О‘ZBEK VА INGLIZ MАQОLLАRIDА AYOL ROLINING IFОDАLАNISHI

This article compares Uzbek and English proverbs from a semantic and linguocultural perspective, analyzing the expression of gender semantics in them, especially the attitude towards women in society. Examples of proverbs expressing the female gender in the two languages ​​are given, and their similarities and differences are explained. Proverbs are analyzed based on the social status, marital status, intelligence, character, and moral standards of women in peoples belonging to different language families and different social societies.

The Social Disaster Intelligence Paradox in Understanding Bioterrorism

World history always has a dark side when it comes to the topic of terrorism, especially the use and research of biological weapons. Even though a number of prohibitions and international agreements have been issued regarding the prohibition of researching, storing and using biological weapons for all countries in the world, there are still many countries in the world that are suspected of secretly carrying out research, storing and using biological weapons for certain purposes in secret. hiding on the basis of accusations/evidence based on speculation, a series of interconnected phenomena, to the discovery of physical evidence related to acts of bioterrorism. So it is interesting to carry out research related to the clarity of understanding regarding the issue of bioterrorism in the modern era, especially from the perspective of social disaster intelligence. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods and a literature study approach. Research results based on the causes of the phenomenon of disease spread are based on conjectures, interpretations and hypotheses about the use of biological weapons as a form of bioterrorism and the lack of specificity in the definition of acts of terrorism itself, creating a confusing paradox between an epidemic disease being a natural phenomenon.

Hemispheric annealing and lateralization under psychedelics (HEALS): A novel hypothesis of psychedelic action in the brain.

Current models of psychedelic action in the brain propose changes along the dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior axes but neglect to address the lateral axis. This article proposes a novel model of psychedelic action called HEALS (Hemispheric Annealing and Lateralization Under Psychedelics) which involves the reversal of the typical hierarchical relationship between the two hemispheres of the brain. In typical modes of consciousness, the hemispheres act in parallel process with the left predominating. Under psychedelics, as well as in other altered states of consciousness (ASCs), this hierarchy is reversed, with the right hemisphere released from inhibition by the left. In support of this model, the available neuroimaging evidence for lateralization under psychedelics is reviewed. Then, various cognitive and emotional changes observed under psychedelics are contrasted with those same functions in each hemisphere. These include attention; social and emotional intelligence; creativity and insight; and language. The article concludes with a review of laterality in other ASCs, such as meditative and trance states, and suggests that many phenomena associated with psychedelics, and other ASCs, might be explained by an atypical annealing between the hemispheres toward right hemisphere predominance.

성격강점이 초등학교 저학년 아동의 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study aim to investigate the character strengths of elementary school children in the lower grades and to explore which character strengths effect school adjustment separately for all students and by gender. Methods The data were analyzed from 1292 elementary school lower grades children in Seoul, Suwon, Osan, Goyang, Ulsan, Geoje, Jinju, and Tongyeong. The average of 24 character strengths was calculated to identify representative character strengths, and t-test was conducted to confirm the differences between males and females. Correlation analysis was conducted between character strengths and school adjustment. Regression analysis using the stepwise method was conducted by dividing the entire students and male and female groups to find out which character strengths significantly effect school adjustment. Results First, the character strengths of children in the lower grades of elementary school were high in the following order: teamwork, fairness, and prudence. Second, the t-test results to find out the difference between male and female students showed that males had significantly higher strengths in bravery and perseverance than females, and females had significantly higher strengths in judgement, love of learning, love and so on than males. Third, all 24 character strengths showed significant positive correlations with school adjustment and subfactors. Fourth, as a result of a regression analysis of all students, character strengths such as social intelligence, gratitude, teamwork and so on significantly effect school adjustment. Fifth, as a result of regression analysis for male and female students, some differences were found in character strengths effecting school adjustment. Conclusions This study examined the characteristics and positive influence of character strengths of elementary school students in the lower grades. The results of investigating the distribution and characteristics of 24 character strengths of students and their influence on school adjustment by males and females can serve as basic data for future research on character strengths of elementary school students in the lower grades. In addition, the results of this study can be usefully utilized in developing programs related to character strengths and school adjustment for elementary school students in the lower grades.

The effect of teachers’ recreation awareness on interpersonal and kinesthetic intelligence

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of teachers’ recreation awareness on social-interpersonal and bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. Utilizing a quantitative research method, a correlational survey model was employed. The sample consists of 385 teachers in Rize. Data were collected online via Google Forms using a questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of recreation awareness on social and kinesthetic intelligence, while Pearson correlation analysis identified relationships between variables. According to the findings, all sub-dimensions of recreation awareness were positively and significantly associated with social and kinesthetic intelligence. It was observed that while only the self-improvement sub-dimension of recreation awareness had no significant effect on kinesthetic intelligence, all other dimensions positively influenced social and kinesthetic intelligence.

Charting the dual career journey: insights from adolescent athletes in lower secondary sport schools

ABSTRACT A dual career (DC) involves the integration of a sport career with education or employment, including various stages and transitions. Recently, there has been a notable trend of implementing DC programs within specialized sport schools for early adolescence athletes (ages 13–15). As this a crucial but understudied phase of the DC, the aim of this study was to identify current and projected resources and barriers associated with adolescent athletes’ DC in lower secondary school. As part of a larger three-year initiative, the Finnish Lower Secondary Sports Schools Pilot Project, sixteen (9 females and 7 males) adolescent DC athletes were interviewed twice in the eighth grade (M age = 14.4 years) and one year later in the ninth grade. Using the holistic athletic career model and push, pull, anti-push, anti-pull framework and a directed content analysis, the results revealed a range of immediate personal and environmental resources and barriers across athletic, academic, psychological, psychosocial and financial dimensions. They also suggested that interpersonal and institutional support were regarded as crucial assets for managing current challenges, while personal DC competencies, in particular, were emphasized as essential projected resources contributing to the sustainability of a DC in the future. Based on the findings, sports schools should increase the amount of hours dedicated to teaching DC competencies (e.g. emotional awareness, adaptability and social intelligence) to help athletes effectively cope with barriers and transitions. Additionally, flexible scheduling of teaching and training sessions could facilitate a better balance during demanding training periods.

Towards successful intercultural relationships: The initial development and validation of a relational cultural intelligence scale

In response to the rising public and scholarly interest in understanding relational experiences in intercultural relationships, we propose a new concept—relational cultural intelligence (RCI)—to describe an individual’s ability to learn and apply cultural knowledge in intimate relationships. In this article, we outline the theoretical foundation of RCI, introduce the RCI scale, and present initial results on its reliability and validity. We conceptualize RCI as a type of social intelligence with three dimensions: awareness, skills, and knowledge. This study surveyed 186 individuals in the United States who identified as being currently in an intercultural romantic relationship. The results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the three-factor scale with 12 items. Results also showed that RCI was related to important aspects of relational experiences, such as relational stress and relationship satisfaction, and that it explained variance in relationship satisfaction above and beyond relational stress, commitment, and relationship duration.

Screening social anxiety with the Social Artificial Intelligence Picture System.

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent anxiety disorder marked by strong fear and avoidance of social scenarios. Early detection of SAD lays the foundation for the introduction of early interventions. However, due to the nature of social avoidance in social anxiety, the screening is challenging in the clinical setting. Classic questionnaires also bear the limitations of subjectivity, memory biases under repeated measures, and cultural influence. Thus, there exists an urgent need to develop a reliable and easily accessible tool to be widely used for social anxiety screening. Here, we developed the Social Artificial Intelligence Picture System (SAIPS) based on generative multi-modal foundation artificial intelligence (AI) models, containing a total of 279 social pictures and 118 control pictures. Social scenarios were constructed to represent core SAD triggers such as fear of negative evaluation, social interactions, and performance anxiety, mapping to specific dimensions of social anxiety to capture its multifaceted nature. Pictures devoid of social interactions were included as a control, aiming to reveal response patterns specific to social scenarios and to improve the system's precision in predicting social anxiety traits. Through laboratory and online experiments, we collected ratings on SAIPS from five dimensions. Machine learning results showed that ratings on SAIPS robustly reflected and predicted an individual's trait of social anxiety, especially social anxiety and arousal ratings. The prediction was reliable, even based on a short version with less than 30 pictures. Together, SAIPS may serve as a promising tool to support social anxiety screening and longitudinal predictions.

The Role and Function of Single Parents in Special Needs Children to Combat Loneliness

Introduction: Caring for children with special needs often poses various challenges, including coping with stress in parenting. Single parents have an even increased vulnerability to stressful conditions in parenting, especially from feelings of loneliness and alienation. This literature review aims to obtain an effective intervention model for overcoming loneliness for single parents with special needs children. Methods: Various studies were searched with the keywords “role of a single parent,” “function of a single parent,” “children with special needs,” and “loneliness.” Selected studies are evaluated and critically reviewed. Results: Various challenges of parenting children with special needs include stigma, efforts to overcome communication and behavior problems of children, adjustments to parenting according to special needs conditions, economic burdens, and intrapersonal problems of single parents. These challenges can be significant stressors that further degrade the quality of life of single parents and their children. However, they can be opportunities for personality development and parenting skills through self-care efforts and seeking psychiatric help, including efforts to find a community that understands the experience of being a single parent. Conclusions: Efforts to help single parents cope with loneliness include improving self-efficacy, emotional stability, positive parenting, and social intelligence by being part of a supportive community. Keywords: Single Parent, Children, Special Needs, Loneliness, Psychological Wellbeing

Leadership characteristics to reduce staff attrition and absence related to burnout

Burnout among the paramedic profession is an increasing problem and not enough is being done to improve the current climate. It is for this reason that paramedics should individually contribute to the reduction of this issue by developing their own leadership characteristics, such as emotional intelligence, social intelligence, and stress and conflict management. Evidence suggests that these qualities and behaviours reduce the possibility of being subject to burnout symptomology. Implementing positive stress and conflict-management strategies will create a healthcare environment, which will be more enjoyable to work in. Emotional and social intelligence increase the resilience of prehospital clinicians who are subject to occupational challenges on a daily basis. Wider influences such as ambulance trusts, health services and governing bodies have implemented strategies to tackle this issue but clinicians can lead the change from the front line.