Social Intelligence Scale Research Articles

Social Intelligence of Fifth-Grade Primary School Pupils

The aim of the research is to build a social intelligence scale for fifth-grade primary school pupils in science course. The research followed the descriptive-analytical approach and the scale was built according to established construction steps. Various types of validity, including face validity, construct validity, and discriminant validity, were confirmed, and the scale's reliability was verified. It was applied to a sample of 500 fifth-grade primary school pupils, and appropriate statistical methods were used. The results indicated a moderate level of social intelligence among the study sample, with differences between pupils in social intelligence attributed to gender, favoring females. Several recommendations were made to improve the social intelligence level among the research sample.

Reliability and validity of Urdu version of Tromso Social Intelligence Scale for visually impaired adolescents

Reliability and validity of Urdu version of Tromso Social Intelligence Scale for visually impaired adolescents

Investigating Iraqi EFL Learners’ Social Intelligence and Their Performance in Speaking: A Correlational Study

The ultimate goal of learning a language is to use it when interacting with others regardless of the mode of communication. This use of the language, however, is socially and psychologically affected. In this regard, social intelligence plays a crucial role in creating effective interactions. The problem is that the correlation between social intelligence and speaking skill has received little attention in the field of linguistics concerning the Iraqi context. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the correlation between these variables to better understand how they correlate to each other. It asks to what extent there is a correlation between them and whether some personal variables affect this correlation. To this end, the alternative hypothesis is adopted which claims that there is a statistically significant positive correlation among the variables. For this purpose, the correlation design that draws on the quantitative approach is adopted. Moreover, a sample of 77 EFL third-year students from the University of Mosul for the academic year 2023-2024 was randomly selected. They were males and females coming from ethnic backgrounds, namely, Arabs, Kurds, and Turkmen. To collect data, two research instruments were used they were: an adopted and adapted social intelligence scale and a speaking test designed by the researcher. The data were statistically treated by a statistician using SPSS. The results of the study show that there is a positive moderate correlation between social intelligence and speaking skill. It is also concluded that personal variables such as gender and ethnicity have no significant influence on the correlation between the variables. Finally, some recommendations were presented based on the conclusions inferred.

Social Intelligence and Counselling Competencies of Prospective Counsellors in Public Universities in Nigeria

This study investigated the social intelligence and counselling competencies of prospective counsellors and the difference in sexes in Public Universities in Edo and the Delta States of Nigeria. To achieve the objectives, three research questions were raised and one corresponding hypothesis was formulated and tested at a 0.05 level of significance. A survey research design adopting the correlational approach was employed in the study. The population of the study comprised all master's students in public universities in Edo and Delta States in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 sessions who had completed practicum counselling courses. A sample of 89 prospective counsellors was used for the study. The researcher used two types of instruments to collect data, practicum scores were one of the data for this study. The instruments used are the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS), and the Counsellors Competency Scale (CCS). The instruments were validated by the researcher’s supervisors and one test expert in the Department of Educational Evaluation and Counselling Psychology. The reliabilities of the instruments were established, using the Cronbach alpha statistics. A reliability coefficient of 0.84 was obtained for the Social Intelligence scale. Coefficients of 0.81, 0.90, and 0.80 were obtained for knowledge, skills and behavioural sub-scales for the Counsellor Competency Questionnaire. Data analyses were carried out and the hypothesis was tested using Fisher’s-Z test statistics. The study's findings revealed no significant difference in the relationship between social intelligence and counselling competencies of prospective counsellors by sex in public universities in Edo and Delta States.

Decision-Making Styles in Medical Students and Healthcare Professionals: The Roles of Personality Traits and Socio-Emotional Intelligence Factors

Intuitive and deliberative styles can be considered the best-known decision-making styles, which are thought to be linked to actual workplace performance. However, there is a limited research on individual differences in these styles among individuals who provide healthcare. Therefore, adopting the self-report approach, this study examines the roles of the Big Five personality traits and socio-emotional intelligence factors in intuitive and deliberative decision-making styles among medical students and healthcare professionals. The research sample consists of 203 participants (50 medical students, 153 healthcare professionals) who completed the Big Five Inventory, the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, the Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale, and the Preference for Intuition and Deliberation Scale. The regression analyses revealed that attention to one’s emotions and social information processing were positively related to intuitive decision-making style, while the clarity of one’s emotions and social awareness were negatively related to intuitive decision-making style. It was further shown that conscientiousness, neuroticism, repair of one’s emotions, and social information processing were positively related to deliberative decision-making style. The findings highlight the importance of personality and socio-emotional intelligence in understanding decision-making. Specifically, they point out that Big Five personality traits better explain deliberative style, while socio-emotional intelligence factors better explain intuitive style.

Social intelligence in health professions educationists: how it helps to deal with challenges at the workplace? a mixed-method study

Objective: To identify the social intelligence of medical educationists, and the coping strategies used to deal with workplace challenges. Method: The mixed-method study with an explanatory sequential design was conducted from March 15 to July 30, 2021, after approval from the ethics review committee of Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised medical educationists working in medical and dental colleges and institutions across the country. Data was collected using Tromso social intelligence scale in the quantitative phase. The socially intelligent educationists were identified, and were interviewed. Qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis to identify predominant themes explaining the coping strategies used. Results: In the quantitative phase, there were 80 participants; 51(63.7%) females and 29(36.3%) males, with 24(30%) having >10 years of professional experience. Of them, 11(13.8%) scored low, 54(67.5%) moderate and 15(18.8%) high on the social intelligence scale. In the qualitative phase, there were 13 subjects; 9(69.2%) females and 4(30.8%) males. There were 4 themes identified as coping strategies; inspire respect and trust, bringing readiness before a change, a collaborative and inclusive approach, and soft skills. Conclusion: Variation was seen in the levels of social intelligence among medical educationists working in academic institutions. Those with high levels of social intelligence used their non-cognitive soft skills to manage workplace challenges. Key Words: Social intelligence, Medical education, Workplace, Coping strategies, Coping skills.

The Role of Social Intelligence and Resilience in Explaining Students’ Distress Tolerance: A Study during Covid-19 Pandemic

IL RUOLO DELL’INTELLIGENZA SOCIALE E DELLA RESILIENZA NELLO SPIEGARE LA TOLLERANZA AL DISAGIO DEGLI STUDENTI: UNO STUDIO DURANTE LA PANDEMIA DI COVID-19 Abstract Understanding the factors that influence or correlate with distress tolerance is very important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of social intelligence and resilience in explaining college students’ distress tolerance. A descriptive correlational study was carried out on 260 male college students of Farhangian University of Birjand, Iran in 2020/21. They completed Social Intelligence Scale, Resilience Scale, and Distress Tolerance Questionnaire. The results showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between social intelligence and distress tolerance (r = 0.473; p <0.001), as well as resilience and distress tolerance (r = 0.608; p = 0.008). Also, the coefficient of determination showed that the components of social intelligence and resilience up to 65% can explain the variance of students’ distress tolerance. Psychological interventions such as promoting social intelligence and effective resilience can be used to prevent and control the college students’ distress especially during Covid-19 pandemic.

Social intelligence of students with and without hearing impairment in mainstream schools

Children must accomplish interpersonal tasks and behaviors to have an appropriate relationship. To achieve this goal, the development of social intelligence which is the ability of individuals to understand the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of others, and respond to them properly, is important. This study aimed to compare the social intelligence of students with and without hearing impairment. This study was descriptive and 122 students from mainstream schools participated (61 students with hearing impairment and 61 without any disability). The Tromso Social Intelligence scale was used to gather the data and analyze it. The results showed that social intelligence and its components (social information processing, social skills, and social awareness) are lower in students with hearing impairment than their peers from the general population. These findings, make us look more into this area and have a plan and appropriate interventions to enhance the skills related to social intelligence in students with hearing impairment.

Effect of Athletes Social Intelligence Levels on Decision Making

Our study aims to examine the effect of social intelligence level in athletes on decision making since it is thought that social intelligence increases the relationships between individuals and at the same time, exchanging ideas with other people will directly affect their decision-making skills. The universe of the research consists of licensed athletes in Elazig in 2022. The sample of the research consists of 812 athletes selected by random method. In order to determine the demographic characteristics of the athletes participating in the research The personal information form (gender, age, sports branch) and, to determine the social intelligence levels the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS), the Melbourne Decision Making I Scale (Melbourne Decision Making Questionary)was used to determine the decision-making levels. SPSS 22 program was used for data analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between gender and branch type variables with social intelligence levels and decision-making levels of licensed athletes in Elazig province. According to the age variable, statistically significant differences were found between the total scores of the social intelligence scale and the sub-dimension levels of the social knowledge process. The total score of the social intelligence scale is 66.01 and the decision-making scale's total score is higher than the average with 9.66 in line with the study findings. In conclusion, according to the linear regression analysis, a positive and significant relationship between social intelligence level and decision-making has been identified.

Digital Dependency: How Parenting and Social Intelligence Shape Internet Addiction.

The global pandemic forced young adults and their parents to be together. This situation has equally exposed the weaknesses in the child-parent relationship. This study aimed to investigate the role of social intelligence in the relationship between parenting style and Internet addiction during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Seven hundred and seventy-four were sampled from a public university in southeast Nigeria. They comprised 373 females and 401 males aged 17-28 years, with a mean age of 21.61. The students responded to validated measures of parenting style inventory-II, the Tromsø social intelligence scale, and Young's Internet addiction test. The moderated multiple regression analysis results indicated that permissive parenting and social intelligence significantly predicted Internet addiction. Social intelligence moderated the relationship between authoritarian parenting style and Internet addiction. The moderation was that Internet addiction is significantly higher for individuals with low social intelligence and authoritarian parenting style than individuals with low social intelligence and higher authoritarian parenting style. Some implications of the findings include engaging parenting styles to encourage more physical interactions and enabling an environment for growth. Also, adopting techniques to increase social intelligence will help students adjust to any parenting style that may influence their psychological well-being.

Unraveling the Intercultural Sensitivity of Foreign Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Examination in Secondary Education across Public and Private Schools, Thailand

This research aims to explore cultural distinctions and investigate the adaptability of foreign teachers in both public and private secondary schools. A mixed methods approach was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews and questionnaires as study instruments. The study instruments included the Self-Perceived Communication Competence Scale (SPCC), Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS), and Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS). Data analysis relied on descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that foreign teachers in both public and private secondary schools demonstrated the highest levels in three key factors: Friends, Interaction Attention, and Social Information Processing. These factors corresponded to self-perceived communication competence, self-reported intercultural sensitivity, and social intelligence, respectively.

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADERSHIP ORIENTATIONS AND SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE LEVELS OF SPORTS MANAGER CANDIDATES: THE CASE OF SAKARYA

The present research is conducted to determine the effect of social intelligence levels of sports manager candidates on their leadership orientations. In this context, the model of the research is determined as the causal screening model. The sample group of the research consists of 261 students studying at Sakarya University of Applied Sciences Faculty of Sport Sciences. The research data are collected by the Personal Information Form developed by the researcher, the Leadership Orientation Scale developed by Bolman and Deal (1991) and adapted into Turkish by Dereli (2003), and Tromso Social Intelligence Scale developed by Silvera, Martinussen and Dahl (2001), and adapted into Turkish Doğan and Çetin (2009). In the analysis of the collected data; Regression analysis is conducted to determine the effect of social intelligence on leadership orientations. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the social intelligence levels of the sports manager candidates are a positive and statistically significant predictor of their leadership orientation.

The Relationship Between Social Intelligence And IQ: A Psychometric Analysis

Background: The present article deals with the results of research on the psychological diagnosis of social intelligence and its connection with general intelligence. Methods: The analysis of the relationship between the Social Intelligence Scale of the University of Tromso, Norway (TSIS) (Social awareness scale, SA) with the R. Amthauer Intelligence Test was carried out on a sample of 407 students of comprehensive schools aged from 12 to 18. Social Intelligence Scales have relationships with R. Amthauer Intelligence Test. Factor analysis has shown that the TSIS (Social Awareness, SA) is present in the structure of general intelligence. The other two TSIS Social information processing (SP) and Social Skills (SS) scales have minor correlation relationships with R. Amthauer Intelligence Test. The result shows the structural relationships between general intelligence with social intelligence. The aim of the research is to identify and analyze the regular relationship between general intelligence (IQ) with social intelligence. Results: The correlational and factor analysis results established certain relationships in the factor-analytical structure of general intelligence with social intelligence. The correlation relationship of the social awareness subscale (SA) from the Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS) with individual subtests of the R. Amthauer Intelligence Structure Test was revealed. Conclusion: Our study established a statistically significant relationship at the significance level of 0.05 between IQ and social intelligence, particularly social consciousness (understanding), which allowed us to connect social intelligence and general (psychometric) intelligence.

Self-esteem and Social Intelligence in Visually Impaired Adolescents

Aim: To explore the differences in the levels of self-esteem and social Intelligent in visually and non-visually impaired adolescents Study design: Cross sectional Place and duration: December, 2018 to February, 2020 in special education center private and government school of city Lahore Method: There were 122 people in total in the sample. There were 56 visually impaired volunteers and 66 non-visually impaired persons.Boys and girls aged 14 to 19 from private and public special education schools took part in the study. Two scales were used; Self-esteem Scale for Children (SESC), and Social Intelligence Scale (SIS) used along with a demographic Performa Results: Analysis revealed that being visually impaired and having low level of social facilitation is found to be a negative predictor of low self-esteem. There was no significant difference found on three factors of self-esteem and social intelligence. Overall visually impaired tend to have lower level of self-esteem. Conclusion: Adolescence is a vital period in a person's life when he or she faces a number of psychological obstacles. If he had any type of handicap at this teenage time, he would have a lot of problems in his life. According to this study, if a person has any handicap throughout the teenage stage, it affects their degree of self-esteem and social intelligence. Key words: Self-esteem, Social Intelligence Visually Impaired, Non-Visually Impaired, Adolescents

Evaluation of Social Intelligence and Communication Skills Levels in terms of Music Education

This study aims to determine high school students’ social intelligence and communication skills and the effect of music education on these variables. A survey method was used in the study. Two data collection tools were used in the study. These are Tromso Social Intelligence Scale developed by Silvera et al. (2001), adapted into Turkish by Doğan and Çetin (2009), and Communication Skills Scale created by Korkut Owen and Bugay (2014). The study group consists of students in five high schools in Ankara, the capital of Turkey, in the 2021-2022 academic year. The data collection process was completed in two months (April-May). The study shows that high school students have good social intelligence and communication skills. The scores obtained do not differ according to gender and grade level variables. At the same time, a positive and significant relationship was found between social intelligence and communication skills scores. The scores of the group that received extra music education outside the school were compared with those that did not. According to these results, the social intelligence and communication skills scores of the group that received music education were higher. While this difference was not significant in the case of social intelligence, it was significant in the case of communication skills.

Reliability and Validity of the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS)

Objective: Develop and test the psychometric properties of an Arabic-language version of Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS). Method: A total of 807 physical education students at Kef-Higher Tunisia’s Institute of Physical Education and Sports with Mean age were 21.43 ± 1.79 participated in this study. Females (n = 414)outnumbered men (n = 397). Subjects were divided into exploratory and confirmatory groups and completed an adapted version of the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS). Results: Principal component extraction results show three interpretable components. KMO indices and Bartlett tests confirm all components are suitable for analysis. The solution explained much of the variance. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis indicates acceptable index adjustment and factorial tool stability. The calculations of the internal consistency index for the three factors of the measurement scale demonstrate the good reliability of the instrument. Finally, according to the Fornell-Larcker criterion, the designed Arabic version has good convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusion: The Arabic version of the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS) is a reliable and valid version and can be used to assess social intelligence in Tunisia and other Arab countries.

Understanding the Difference of Social Intelligence Among the Handball and Kabaddi Players in Iraq

This study aimed to explore the social intelligence of the Handball and Kabaddi players in Iraq through a descriptive study design. The researcher used the social intelligence scale developed and standardized by Silvera in 2001. The scale covers the eight dimensions of social intelligence: patience, cooperation, level of trust, sensitivity, recognition of social environment, tact, sense of humor, and memory. The method of sampling in the research was random. The sample in this study amounted to 250 players from clubs and universities in Iraq. The researcher used the statistical program (SPSS), using statistical methods of descriptive statistics and t-test, for analyzing and interpreting the data. The study results conclude that there is no significant difference in the social intelligence of Handball and Kabaddi players in Iraq. They possess a similar kind of patience, cooperation, level of trust, sensitivity, recognition of social environment, tact, sense of humor, and memory. This could be due to identical socioeconomic, geopolitical, cultural, and religious backgrounds. Further study is required to explore Social intelligence and other factors like employment opportunities, socioeconomic status, variety of educational institutions, and playing opportunities for other sports players in Iraq.

Determining Social Intelligence of Dental Students ar Various “Academic Levels by Trosmo Social Intelligence Scale”

Background/Introduction: Social intelligence is of great importance in the life of health care professionals because it is a significant factor of prediction and interpretation of human behavior in various contexts of social and clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to determine social intelligence of dental students at various academic levels by Trosmo Social Intelligence scale. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at various dental colleges of Pakistan. Re-validated Trosmo social intelligence questionnaires were distributed to undergraduate dental students to assess their social intelligence at various academic levels. Likert scale was used to assess the opinions and attitudes of the respondents. Results: The study consisted of 403 participants, of which 129 (32%) were male and 236 (58.6%) were female. The minimum age of the respondents was 18 and 28 being the maximum. The average values of social intelligence at various academic levels are as follows: 1.944 for BDS 1, 1.980 for BDS 2, 1.87 for BDS 3, 2.053 for BDS 4, respectively. Nor growth in all three component of social intelligence was identified. Conclusion: There is insignificant change in social intelligence of students at various academic levels and no significant link is found between the three dimensions of social intelligence and the upgrading academic levels, which is concerning. Keywords: Social intelligence; academic levels; TROSMO scale; dental students, social skills, clinical practice, healthcare, human behavior, professionalism, curriculum

Comparison of social intelligence among adolescents with visual impairment regarding varying demographic factors

Social intelligence (SI) helps the visually impaired adolescents (VIAs) to adjust in social environment by maintaining healthy interpersonal relationship. The purpose of the study was to explore differences in SI of VIAs and varying demographic factors. For this purpose, sample of 385 VIAs (204 males, 181 females) of age range 11 to 19 years, was taken from two divisions of Punjab, that is, Rawalpindi and Lahore, Pakistan. Translated Urdu version of Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS) containing 21 items was used to get responses on Likert-type scale from 1 ( describes me extremely poorly) to 7 ( describes me extremely well). The tool was found to be reliable for the given population as alpha reliability of Urdu-translated TSIS was 0.91 and test–retest reliability was 0.748. Mean, frequencies, and percentages were used to summarize the results. Multiple comparison analysis was computed to assess significant differences regarding gender, socioeconomic status (SES), education, and SI of VIAs. Results revealed that there was no significant difference in SI among VIAs across gender. In addition, significant difference was indicated in SI among VIAs belonging to different SES. VIAs belonging to high SES revealed to have high level of SI. Furthermore, there was significant difference in parents’ education and SI of VIAs. It was recommended that social intervention training programs might help to create awareness and development of skills and capabilities related to SI.

Social adjustments reviewed from the social intelligence of final-year students

This study aims to determine the effect of social intelligence on the social adjustment of final-year students of the D4 Mechanical Engineering Program at the Pontianak State Polytechnic. The hypothesis in this study is that there is a significant effect between social intelligence and social adjustment of final-year students. Respondents in this study were 49 final-year students of the D4 Mechanical Engineering Study Program at the Pontianak State Polytechnic. The data collection tool uses a social adjustment scale and a social intelligence scale—data analysis using a simple linear regression technique with the help of SPSS 22.00 for the Windows program. The results of this study indicate that there is a very significant positive effect between social adjustment and social intelligence, which has a correlation coefficient (r) = 0.851 and p = 0.00 (p < 0.001). The higher the level of social intelligence, the higher the social adjustment of final-year students. On the other hand, the lower the level of social intelligence, the lower the social adjustment. Social intelligence affects social adjustment by (r2) = 72.5%.