Social Integration Theory Research Articles

Durkheim's Theory of Social Integration and Suicide Revisited: Is It Diversity of Social Networks or Perceived Strength of Social Support That Matters?

Objective: Poor social support is a robust predictor of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). However, little is known about which components of social support (ie, diversity of social networks and perceived strength of social support) may play a protective role for STB.Methods: We analyzed data from the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave III to examine whether diversity of social networks or perceived strength of social support was inversely associated with lifetime STB (ie, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts). Multivariable-adjusted analyses examined the independent association between components of social support and STB, while accounting for sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral covariates.Results: Among adults with a history of suicide attempt, the majority reported low diversity/high perceived support (48.5%), followed by high diversity/high perceived support (36.0%). Similar patterns were found among adults with lifetime suicidal ideation. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, greater social network diversity was associated with a lower relative risk (RR) of suicidal ideation (RR = 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-0.83) and attempt (RR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67-0.94). While greater perceived strength of social support was linked to a lower risk of suicide attempt (RR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68-0.97), such an association was not observed for ideation.Conclusions: Greater diversity of social networks was more strongly associated with lower risks of suicidal ideation and attempt than perceived strength of social support. Psychosocial interventions to enhance the diversity of social networks may be a source to mitigate risks for STB, but further research is warranted.

Alone Together: Poetics of the Passions in Late Medieval Iberia

Alone Together: Poetics of the Passions in Late Medieval Iberia

Against Discrimination

Racial discrimination and violence against minority communities are prohibited by law, and the protection of these minority groups is protected by the Constitution, national laws, and international laws or conventions ratified by Indonesia, such as ICCPR, and ICERD. Violence cases involving ethnic Papuans are a form of human rights violation that is often ignored by the state. This study will use the normative juridical approach method, by presenting and analyzing the validity of the provisions of the legislation. Socio-legal studies, in this study, will be conducted by conducting an analysis of social studies, the theory of multidisciplinary theory of social sciences, related to the phenomenon of racial discrimination against ethnic Papuans, such as Psychological science in looking at a guess, to discrimination; communication science; Theory of Social Integration and Disintegration; and Social Conflict Theory. The aim of this study was to examine law enforcement, using paradigms in the social sciences. In this study, it will be reviewed on the quality of law enforcement, the extent to which the rules are enforced, as well as the extent to which law enforcement, as well as the government, can fulfill the rights of citizens not to discriminate in it. This research shows that discrimination against the Papuan people is caused by racial discrimination in various aspects, economic, political, educational, law enforcement, etc. The application of anti-discrimination law must be based on the professionalism of law enforcement officers, so as not to cause new discrimination in law enforcement. This study recommends that the Government of Indonesia to further increase political will in the enforcement of anti-discrimination and violence laws in all cases, especially against Papuan ethnic groups. Maximum anti-discrimination law enforcement efforts are needed to realize human rights goals, namely the fulfillment, enforcement, and protection of human rights.
 Keywords: Discrimination, Minority, Human Rights, Papua, Politics

Contextualities of gender in Eritrean immigrant households: Exploring empowerment through integration in Norwegian society

ABSTRACT The article presents a contextual understanding of immigration and integration in Norwegian society from a gender perspective by capturing the experiences of Eritrean immigrant households when adapting to social change and an unfamiliar gender regime. Theories of empowerment and social integration are used to interpret the gender dimensions, and to examine Eritrean families’ post-migration gender relations and the interaction between conventional and egalitarian norms in expectations regarding the roles and social participation of women and men. A qualitative research design was used, involving in-depth interviews, participant observation, and informal discussions. The findings revealed that Eritrean immigrants’ gender relations in Norwegian society were dynamic, due to the opportunities and constraints they faced in the private and public spheres. Women’s ability to challenge patriarchal power relations was due to their adoption of Norwegian mainstream norms that determined their agency and empowerment in society. Also, social inclusion for Eritrean immigrants wes often dependent on social networks that aided their integration into society and was differentiated by gender. The authors conclude that the realities of women’s empowerment were heterogeneous and subjectively influenced by male gender ideologies, relevant education and language skills, access to desirable social networks, satisfactory paid work, and decisive welfare regulations.

Strengthening networks for healthcare integration: A commentary

In their paper “Integrating Network Theory into the Study of Integrated Healthcare,” Burns, Nembhard and Shortell set out to change how we think about healthcare, and ultimately how we design and deliver healthcare. They aim to do this by focusing attention on the networks through which care is delivered, with particular attention to the relational dimensions of those networks. Inspired by social network, care integration, and relational coordination theories, Burns et al. (2022) offer recommendations for moving the healthcare sector toward a fresh approach to care integration that reflects the realities of relationships and networks. In this commentary, we analyze the main recommendations by Burns et al. and present our view of the field's current standing with regards to each of them. We then suggest potential research questions, contexts and designs to move this proposed work forward, drawing upon insights from a conversation with the authors in addition to their original article. We end by recommending the formation of a research collaborative to carry out the work.

Local Wisdom As Social Cohesion Of “Kebhinekaan” The Study Of Hindu-Islamic Relations In Eastern Indonesia

Local wisdom has to serve as a cultural identity, intellectual property and religion if the integrity and diversity of the Indonesian people is to remain. This research analyzes local wisdom as social cohesion of “kebhinekaan” the study of hindu-islamic relations in Lingsar Village West Lombok, Eastern Indonesia. The Perang Topat tradition carried out by Sasak Moslems and Balinese Hindus is the analytical unit in this qualitative research. After conducting field research through observations, in-depth interviews and documentation, the data gathered was validated by comparing it with multiple sources of evidence. Furthermore, it was analyzed using the ‘Parsons' social integration theory’. The results showed that the Sasak Muslims and Balinese Hindu in Lingsar Village and West Lombok, socially integrated in the form of social practices through the traditions of the Perang Topat. Furthermore, theyco-exist peacefully and maintain similar religious communities and cultures. As at the time of this research, the Perang Topat tradition still exists as a local wisdom and symbol of social cohesion of national diversity.

Product Innovation Mediating Effect on the Relationship Between Social Media Marketing and Performance of Star Rated Hotels in Kenya

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediation effect of product innovation on the relationship between social media marketing and performance of Star Rated Hotels in Kenya. The objectives of the study were; to determine the effect of social media marketing on product innovation and on performance of star rated hotels, to investigate the effect of product innovation on firm performance and finally to determine the mediating role of product innovation on the relationship between social media marketing and firm performance. The study employed the use of social media integration theory, Innovation Diffusion Theory and social exchange theory to test the relationship between the variables. Explanatory research design was employed and the targeted population was 215 star rated hotels listed on the Tourism Regulatory Authority. Census survey was adopted thus all the 215 rated and classified hotels on TRA were studied. The response rate was 92.09 percent due to hotels not returning the questionnaires sent them. Regression analysis was used in testing the hypotheses. Regression results indicated that social media marketing influenced product innovation (β=0.946>0.05,) and firm performance (β=0.3368>0.05) respectively. Product innovation influenced firm performance (β=0.2041>0.05,) and acting as a mediator product innovation showed a significant mediation effect (β=0.193>0.05). It was concluded star rated hotels can use social media marketing for performance improvement and generation and collection of information that they use for product innovation. Furthermore innovativeness of new hotel products is a better way for improving the performance of a hotel. To add on the use of social media as marketing tool has positive significant effect on firm performance in terms of customer satisfaction, market share growth and realized profits. Hotels industry needs to focus social product innovation to enhance their performance, and to obtain customer satisfaction because innovation aids in gaining a competitive advantage.

Influences of (Non)Engagement in Volunteering: First-Generation Immigrant Perceptions of Integration into US Society.

This qualitative research study examines how volunteering and nonvolunteering is associated with immigrant perceptions of their integration into US society. The study analyzes 24 semi-structured interviews to explore differences in social integration experiences and perceptions of social integration between immigrant volunteers and nonvolunteers. The study’s theoretical framework is intersectionality, and the conceptual framework consists of social integration, rational choice, and symbolic boundary theory. While past studies assert that volunteering increases feelings of social integration, this empirical study offers a comparative perspective between immigrants who volunteer and those who do not. Study findings suggest that formal immigrant volunteers build a stronger sense of agency in their social integration journeys through their contributions to American society. Data suggest that most nonvolunteering participants achieve minor benefits by engaging in informal volunteering outside of organizational auspices.

Student’s Self‐Efficacy and Perceptions of Online Learning on the Use Learning Management System

Empirical evidence explained the current changes in teaching and learning due to the coronavirus pandemic, especially in Indonesia. This study investigates factors of self-efficacy and the impacts on online learning in one university in Indonesia. In this research, the theory of social cognitive integration is used in the online learning process. This type of quantitative research with an online questionnaire tool was applied to collect data from 156 students. The data were analyzed using the Structure equation modeling (SEM) approach proposed using the Lisrel software. This study shows the significance of self-efficacy in finishing online learning and self-efficacy in interacting during online learning. The impacts are seen in terms of comfortability and self-awareness of students to attend online learning. On the other hand, the effect of social interaction in online learning is categorized as an insignificant factor statistically to influence the subject's intentions. The conditions of solving the obstacles and handling the features in the learning management system (LMS) are essential to achieving success in online learningFrom the research results, self-efficacy factors have a positive impact on the implementation of e-learning and instructor support helps overcome technical obstacles. Moreover, this study contributes to the implementation and guidance of students behaviours to increase success in online learning.

Disengagement From Schools: Possible Solutions

This article investigated possible solutions to disengagement from schools by ethnic minority learners in Botswana. Disengagement is a concern for educationists and researchers. The study used qualitative approach to investigate the problem. The reason for disengagement include cultural misfit. The theory of social integration was used to understand the problem under study. The findings indicated that there must be consultation with farm owners and they use local languages for teaching. The article concludes that there is a need to liaise with stakeholders to review certain practices to encourage retainment in schools such as mobile schools and the use of indigenous languages.

Nature and Aspects of Gender Integration During Election Violence in Kibera Slum, Kenya

Election violence has the potential to threaten the peace and security of many nations and destabilize the social fabric. Scholars have argued that women and children bear the greatest burden in times of violence compared to men. The main purpose of this study was to assess the nature and aspects of gender integration during election violence in Kibera slum, Kenya. The study was guided by social integration theory by Emille Durkheim and employed the descriptive research design. Fischer formulae as suggested was used to arrive at the sample size of 384 respondents;
 S = X2 NP (1-P) / d2 (N-1) + X2 P (1-P). Data were collected by use of interviewee assisted questionnaires and unstructured interview schedules. Data were analyzed by use of the statistical packages for social scientists (SPSS version 17). Data were presented in form of frequency tables, bar graphs, pie charts and verbatims, Measures of data analysis used included the chi square, mean, R spearman’s rank order correlation. The study established that Kibera residents had a moderately cordial relationship with each other during election violence. Majority could seek help or be helped, buy property or land, marry or be married and employ or be employed by someone outside their ethnic, social class political and religious affiliations. Election violence had a negative relationship with ethnic affiliations, social class, political affiliation and religious affiliation aspects of gender integration, that is, an increase in election violence would lead to a decrease in gender integration. Generally, women were more integrated compared to men. The study recommends that NGOs, CBOs and FBOs enhance their non-partisan advocacy and carry out civic education to enlighten Kibera residents and Kenyans at large on the importance of gender integration especially during the elections.

Identitas Kebalian; Rekonstruksi Etnik Bali Dalam Mempertahankan Identitas Pasca Konflik

This study analyzes the various efforts made by the Balinuraga people to transform conflictual conditions into harmony after the conflict that has resulted in the loss of the Balinuraga community's collective identity, and makes destructive to constructive. So far there has been no research that examines the efforts made by the Balinese ethnic to maintain their identity after the conflict. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with anthropological and sociological approaches by collecting data through interviews, observation and documentation. In the case analysis process, the writer uses several theories, namely ethnic identity theory, conflict transformation theory, adaptation theory, social integration theory and social interaction theory. The results showed that conflict was triggered by juvenile delinquency, expanded with the issue of ethnicity and group arrogance as an accelerator and conflict transformation efforts were carried out in four dimensions, namely personal, relational, structural and cultural transformation in order to achieve sustainable peace and national security. The implementation of the ethnic reconstruction strategy carried out by the Balinuraga community is considered effective enough to restore ethnic identity which was initially quite worrying after the conflict with ethnic Lampung in Balinuraga village, in general, the 4 reconstruction strategies that the researcher put in this thesis have included most of those carried out by the community. The Balinuraga.

Converting a Dynamic in-Person Experience to Remote Life

This paper explores the work the Student Transitions and Family Engagement (STFE) team did to convert dynamic in-person experiences into virtual programs, advising, and courses. These opportunities were framed through the lenses of Academic and Social Integration (Tinto, 1975; Braxton et al., 2004), Belonging (Strayhorn, 2019), and Transition Theory (Schlossberg, 1981). 
 The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions in every sector of business and higher education and student affairs was not immune to these effects. The unprecedented disturbances to business-as-normal forced student affairs professionals to find innovative ways to welcome new students into their universities. This article details the monumental programmatic changes employed, as well as the challenges faced and lessons learned by the New Student Orientation and First-Year Experiences teams at the University of Colorado Denver. While catalyzed by unfortunate circumstances and necessity, many of the new ideas and methods developed during 2020 will be adopted as mainstays in STFE’s suite of operations and programmatic offerings.

Analisis Penyebab Karyawan Resign pada Project Perusahaan BPO (Business Process Outsourcing): Studi PT. Transcosmos Indonesia Project Tokopedia Semarang

The research aims to know (1) The caused of the employee resignation at outsourcing company (2) The majority reasons of those resignation. This researchused qualitativemethod with research locationSemarang City. Data used for this were primary and secondary data. Primary data or main data is taken from the informants itself, while secondary data or additional data are collected from many sources such as books, journal, company’s notes and other valid source to support this research completion. Total informants weretwenty eight, based on employee’s data for resignation periode January 2020 – December 2020 at PT Transcosmos Indonesia (Tokopedia Semarang Project). Data collection were done by interviewed with those twenty eightinformants, then being analysed by two theoriessuch as Social Judge Theory and Information Integration Theory. Research showed that there were four (4) main reasons employee submitting resignation such as : getting a new job, family issue, health issue, and wanting to be an entrepreneur. Keywords : Company, Outsourcing, Resignation

KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM MEMBANGUN KERUKUNAN ISLAM DAN HINDU DI DESA ADAT KUTA BADUNG

This study aims to determine the local wisdom of the people of Desa Adat Kuta, Badung Regency, Bali Province, in building harmony between Muslims and Hindus. This study uses social integration theory as a basis for seeing the assimilation and unification of Muslims and Hindus. This study used a qualitative method with the research subjects of village officials, Muslim and Hindu religious leaders, and community leaders. The results showed that the community's wisdom in the Desa Adat Kuta is a hereditary tradition, in the form of mutual agreement in regulating the relationship between Muslims and Hindus, based on the teachings and principles of their respective religions. The sense of kinship in the Desa Adat Kuta is woven through the Nyama Selam and Nyama Hindu traditions. The harmony of Muslims and Hindus is manifested in the freedom to practice worship, Muslims based on the teachings and principles of Ukhuwah Insaniyah and Hindus based on the teachings and principles of Tri Hita Karana. The existence of equality and tolerance does not lead to conflict, including in establishing places of worship because they are regulated by the government and there is intense communication in the Forum for Religious Harmony.

Hours of Paid Work and Volunteering: Evidence From Danish Panel Data

The nature of the relationship between the time people spend on paid work and volunteering remains debated in the social sciences. Time constraint theory suggests a negative relationship because people can allocate only as much time to volunteering as their work responsibilities permit. However, social integration theory suggests a more complex inverse U-shaped relationship because paid work not only limits people’s free time but also plays a key role in their social integration. Departing from these competing theories, this study uses two-wave panel data from Denmark to examine the relationship between hours of paid work and volunteering. In support of time constraint theory, the results suggest that hours of paid work have a significant negative effect on the total number of hours that people spend volunteering, not mainly because paid work hours affect people’s propensity to volunteer but because they affect the number of hours that volunteers contribute.

EFFECTIVE PUBLIC POLICIES AND THE RE-INTEGRATION OF EX-CONVICTS: THE NIGERIAN CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM

In a recent development, the Nigeria Prison Service was renamed, “the Nigeria Correction Service”, a move that is designed to reorient the department along the lines of emergent demands of justice dispensation on the global scene. This study examined the extent to which the new Nigeria Correction Service can adjust to the laudable objective of repositioning itself for purposes of reformation and re-integration of the nation’s ex-convicts for a better Nigerian society. Data was obtained from secondary materials including books, periodicals, journals, newspapers, the internet, etc. Content analysis was adopted as the mode of analysis while the theory of social integration (Blau, 1960) was employed as the theoretical framework of the study. Findings revealed that the re-orientation of the “service” for purposes of reformation and reintegration of ex-convicts had long been taking place as many of such citizens had either acquired a good measure of education while in prison, learned various vocations, and even attained higher spiritual growths. The study suggested adequate funding to enhance the effort of the service in achieving its objectives.

CART-analysis embedded in social theory: A case study comparing quantitative data analysis strategies for intersectionality-based public health monitoring within and beyond the binaries.

Implementation of an intersectionality perspective into quantitative health research might support the process of unravelling complex socio-cultural and economic power relations which underly and shape patterns of health and disease within populations. Intersectionality-informed health monitoring and health reporting integrating a sex/gender-sensitive perspective could serve as a fertile ground to strengthen the essential function of health reporting to support political decision-making. We aimed at the integration of social theory into quantitative data analysis by taking into consideration 4 distinct central sex/gender theoretical concepts in health research. We developed and tested an intersectionality-based, sex/gender-sensitive strategy comparing 5 distinct models based on different combinations of the binary sex/gender variable, socio-cultural and economic variables (defined from an intersectionality perspective) as well as solution-linked sex/gender variables. We used CART-analysis as a quantitative, non-parametric, exploratory method to detect subgroups with high prevalence of frequent mental distress (FMD). Analyses were based on data from a National Health Telephone Interview Survey conducted in Germany. Depending on model and detected subgroup of our comparative approach, prevalence of FMD ranged between approximately 5 %–25%. Within the model including the binary sex/gender variable, socio-cultural and economic variables, sex/gender turned out to be the most important attribute. Comparing the models which included solution-linked sex/gender variables to the model not including these variables illustrated that the CART-algorithm was able to detect subgroups with the same prevalence of FMD, but with approximately 14% as opposed to 4.5% of the study population being affected. For these models, social support served as the primary splitting variable and not the binary sex/gender variable. Including or not including the binary sex/gender variable in the models with the solution-linked variables did not make a substantial difference. Embedding CART-analysis in social theory might have the potential to further sex/gender sensitivity in health reporting and might support decision-making when considering the allocation of health-related interventions.

A step back from the edge: empirical modeling of the role of social integration on suicide and associated deleterious health outcomes across adolescents from six middle-income countries.

There is economic importance to stimulating awareness about preventing adolescent suicide and other associated deleterious mental and behavioral health outcomes, especially the long-term costs from lost productivity. However, the presence of stigma and poor healthcare reporting systems which often prevent data access have frequently limited research into these topics in low-and-middle income (LMICs) countries. The majority of existing research on these topics using LMICs data primarily focuses on prevalence rates and basic correlational associations, and is often a-theoretic. Empirically rigorous work, mostly found using data from the developed world, has primarily relegated suicide into a box of utility-maximization-based decisions. Social integration theory may be a more relevant approach for researching the mitigating factors to deleterious heath behaviors among adolescents in LMICs. Using data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) of six different countries, we estimate a reduced-form, simultaneous model incorporating specialized clustering to determine the influence of social integration on five different deleterious health outcomes, including three levels of suicidal behavior. Robust results indicate that positive parenting and social exclusion reduce and increase the likelihood of all outcomes, respectively, among both pooled and individual country samples. Such results provide an impetus for pursuing interventions in LMICs, which focus on social-based, multi-level approaches. Such interventions could include such elements as peer-to-peer training support and awareness/promotion of mental health among parents of adolescents.

The Journey of Professional Football Career: Challenges and Reflections

The problem of corruption and mismanagement of state resources by governments in Africa has impoverished the continent, throwing many families into daunting challenges. The youth, consequently, is underpowered and unproductive to self-support their own social lives. To accomplish their dreams, some youths turn to social groups through football. This study analyzes the profile of a boy enduring several challenges in search for survival at a tender age. The social activity of football eventually supported the boy’s reintegration in the streets. Relying on social integration theory and interviews, this study exposes how African youths attempt to achieve self-reliance through football in the communities. Findings reveal how the boy’s experiences on the street and in Europe reshaped his livelihood and support for society. Further description of the boy’s lived experience and his socioeconomic contributions to society is outlined.