Social Information System Research Articles

Infodemic Management in Senegal: Processes, Results and Community Contribution

This article examines Senegal's response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, with a particular focus on the management of infodemic, or the proliferation of rumours and misinformation. The advent of social media has precipitated a surge in the proliferation of rumours, rendering it a significant challenge for effective management. In response, the Risk Communication and Community Engagement Commission (RCCE) devised a comprehensive rumour management guide and conducted training for key informants from the community. The primary outcomes demonstrate an enhancement in rumour management and the accessibility of the rumour register. These outcomes were attained through robust community involvement in all processes and elevated mobile connectivity. Integrating the infodemic management mechanism into the national health and social information system remains a significant challenge, as does mobilizing resources for nationwide implementation. The principal insight gained is that effective infodemic management necessitates community involvement and coordinated multi-sectoral efforts.. (Abstract)

Assessing SIKS-NG for Poverty Data Management in Social Welfare

The Specific background shows that although many E-Government applications have been implemented, the effectiveness of the next generation social welfare information system (SIKS-NG) in processing poverty data at the village level is still poorly understood. Knowledge gap raises questions about how SIKS-NG can be optimized to meet social welfare objectives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of SIKS-NG as a poverty data processing application and identify the challenges faced in its implementation. Results of the study show that accuracy in determining program targets, lack of effective socialization, and inadequate monitoring are obstacles to the optimization of SIKS-NG. The novelty of this study lies in the descriptive qualitative approach that reveals the direct experiences of stakeholders in using the application. Implications of these findings suggest the need for improvements in program socialization and monitoring so that SIKS-NG can function optimally and provide maximum benefits to the community in managing poverty data and improving public services in the field of social welfare. Highlights: Assessing the effectiveness of SIKS-NG in poverty data management. Highlighting issues with accuracy, socialization, and monitoring. Gathering direct experiences from users to inform improvements. Keywords: E-Government, SIKS-NG, Poverty Data, Social Welfare, Implementation Challenges

Oral diseases and systemic conditions: correlation analyses from the Colombian national health records between 2016 and 2023.

Prevalence of oral, metabolic, circulatory, and nutritional diseases has tended to increase globally. As these diseases have common contributing factors, such as unhealthy diets, evaluating their epidemiological trends and the relation between them is relevant. In Colombia, the Ministry of Health records the frequency of consultation for these diseases through the Integrated Social Protection Information System. It facilitates the evaluation of their epidemiological behavior at the population level. To analyze and correlate the burden of oral diseases (caries and periodontitis) with respect to nutritional, circulatory and metabolic pathologies, as well as their relationships with socioeconomic indices in Colombian regions from 2016 to 2023. This study analyzes retrospective data collected between 2016 and 2023 by the National Health Registry in Colombia (SISPRO) according to the ICD-10. Sociodemographic data and the number of disease consultations were extracted. The number of consultations for oral diseases was correlated with systemic pathologies, socioeconomic indices through the Spearman test. Associations were explored via multiple linear regressions. A Principal Component Analyses (PCA) was conducted to identify patterns between socioeconomic, oral and systemic disease variables, as well as to reduce the complexity of the analysis by creating clusters that capture the greatest possible variability in the data. The average number of consultations per biennium was 24.550.435 being the highest number for 2018-2019. The highest percentage of consultations was related to extensive caries, followed by chronic gingivitis. Moreover, consultations for oral diseases were found to correlate with systemic pathologies. All socioeconomic indices were associated with caries and/or periodontal diseases. This study is the first in Colombia that uses national data on diagnoses assigned to medical and dental consultations. PCA revealed a clustering pattern of pathologies suggesting that they are highly associated one to each other. Correlations between consultations for oral and systemic diseases stratified by life cycle and socioeconomic indices highlight the importance of conducting epidemiological and public health characterizations and their associations. Identifying these factors is imperative in the prevention and management of both diseases.

How Many Autistic Children are there in Colombia? A Nationwide Examination of Autism Through Health System Data.

Accurate healthcare data is indispensable for monitoring the epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and improving the quality of care for individuals on the spectrum. In Colombia, the Ministry of Health has developed the social protection information system (SISPRO) as a comprehensive registry, drawing data from the healthcare system with close to universal coverage (approximately 95%). This study utilizes data gathered by SISPRO to estimate the prevalence and specific characteristics of autistic children registered between January 2020 and December 2022. A descriptive epidemiological approach was employed, using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases as search terms for ASD within the SISPRO dataset. The study revealed a prevalence of 13.788 cases per 10,000 children in 2022 among aged 4 to 14. Regarding healthcare coverage types in 2022, the majority of autistic children served were under the contributory regime (68.28%), followed by the subsidized regime (25.36%). Geographic analysis indicated a non-uniform distribution of ASD prevalence in Colombia. The regions with the highest GDP, such as Antioquia, Atlántico, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, and Valle del Cauca, exhibited the highest prevalence (M = 17.90; SD = 14.3). In contrast, areas with the lowest GDP, including Amazonas, Guainía, Vaupés, Vichada, and Guaviare, showed the lowest prevalence among children (M = 2.6; SD = 2.5). The estimation of ASD prevalence in Colombia represents an ongoing initiative to inform public policy actions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decrease in the number of autistic children served by the healthcare sector; however, the prevalence of ASD changed to higher levels in 2022. These findings contribute to strategies aimed at improving the quality of life for autistic individuals and mitigating the economic burden on their families.

Socialization and Assistance in the Implementation of Social Assistance for the Dalegan Village Community, Gresik Regency

One of the government's efforts to improve the welfare of the Indonesian people, especially for people living below the poverty line, is the social assistance program. However, some people cannot utilize the social assistance program effectively due to a lack of understanding and access to information about the program. The purpose of community service activities is to increase public awareness and understanding of the various types of social assistance available so that community service activities can help the community in the process of applying for and receiving social assistance. It is expected that the social assistance program will be distributed on target through an approach and assistance involving village officials, community leaders, and direct assistance to village communities. Direct assistance to village communities can also be carried out to ensure that the social assistance distribution information system runs well. The results of community service activities can improve the welfare of village communities, reduce social disparities, increase the transparency of social assistance data, and improve the ability of village officials to manage social assistance. Community service activities can be a model for other villages in managing social assistance.

Colombian ocular diseases epidemiology study (CODES): glaucoma incidence and sociodemographic characterisation 2015–2020

ABSTRACT Clinical relevance Glaucoma encompasses a group of eye diseases that progressively damage the optic nerve, leading to vision loss and blindness. Understanding the incidence and demographic distribution is vital for public health planning and patient care. Background Previous small-scale studies in Colombia have reported the prevalence of glaucoma in individuals over 40 years between 1.1% and 5.29%. These data may not fully capture the true extent of the disease. Furthermore, with the ageing population, the incidence of glaucoma is likely to increase, highlighting the need for up-to-date incidence data to guide healthcare planning. Methods Data were obtained from the Social Protection Information System, the primary health record repository of Colombia, using the International Classification of Disease 10 for glaucoma. Crude incidence rates were calculated and adjusted for sex, age, and gender. The 2020 incidence was compared with estimated rates from previous years to assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown. A standardised morbidity map was created to show regional variations. Results The average incidence of glaucoma in Colombia was 17.36 per 1,000 inhabitants, increasing from 12.29 in 2015 to 24.22 in 2019. Of the 212,700 reported cases, 60.75% were females. Primary open-angle glaucoma was the most prevalent type, with significant incidence in the elderly over 70 years of age, irrespective of sex. Bogotá, Antioquia, and Valle del Cauca had the highest numbers of new cases. Conclusion The increasing incidence of glaucoma and its demographic and geographical variations necessitate the awareness of ophthalmologists and optometrists. This study emphasises the need for continuous monitoring, effective interventions, and developing healthcare strategies to address the escalating challenge of glaucoma in Colombia.

Colombian Ocular Diseases Epidemiology Study (CODES): Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characterization of Refractive Errors in Colombian Eye Care Consultations

ABSTRACT Purpose To estimate the prevalence and demographic characteristics of uncorrected refractive errors (URE) in people who attended eye care consultations in Colombia between 2015 and 2019, using the National Health Registry data. Methods We identified ICD codes for myopia (H-52.1), degenerative myopia (H-44.2), hyperopia (H-52.0), and astigmatism (H-52.2) from the Integrated Social Protection Information System. Crude prevalence rates by age and sex were calculated for the population attending eye care services during these years. Additionally, we developed a standardized morbidity map across county departments. Results In Colombia, the prevalence of URE among eye care consultations was 30.26%, increasing from 30.39% in 2015 to 35.14% in 2019. Of the 1,579,778 cases analyzed, 60.9% were females. Astigmatism emerged as the most prevalent URE, predominantly seen in individuals under 40 years old. Myopia showed the highest prevalence in the 10–30 age group, whereas hyperopia was most prevalent in the first decade of life. Geographically, the Andean region recorded most of URE cases, while more remote areas have seen a rising morbidity risk in recent years. Conclusions The rising trend of URE in Colombia and its demographic and geographical variations underscores the urgent need for health professionals and government authorities to acknowledge and address this issue. This study provides crucial insights into the refractive error landscape across the country, highlighting the necessity for prevention programs specifically designed to cater to the country’s unique needs.

Implementasi Sistem Informasi Wisata Berbasis Media Sosial untuk Meningkatkan Promosi Destinasi Pariwisata di Muara Enim

This research discusses the implementation of a social media-based tourism information system to improve the promotion of tourism destinations in Muara Enim, South Sumatra. With a focus on TikTok and Instagram, this research addresses the lack of understanding of Muara Enim's tourism potential among people outside the region through qualitative methods and data analysis. The results show that the utilization of social media, such as TikTok and Instagram, effectively increases the visibility of Muara Enim's tourism destinations, attracts tourists, and expands people's understanding of the tourism potential in the area. In the context of contribution, this research highlights the role of social media as an effective tool for local tourism development. As a suggestion for future research, further studies regarding the interaction and direct response of tourists to social media content, as well as evaluating the economic impact of increased tourism in Muara Enim. This can help a deeper understanding of the potential and challenges in developing the tourism sector through social media in Muara Enim.

Analysis on the Challenges and Countermeasures of Chinas Sharing Economy

The sharing economy has attracted much attention in China in recent years. The sharing economy has significant development significance and good development prospects for Chinas overall economic development. On the other hand, there are still many problems in the domestic sharing economy system, and continuous efforts should be made to promote the orderly and healthy development of the sharing economy. However, it cannot be ignored that China has perfected the existing defects of the sharing economy and promoted its use. It will surely inject great optimism into Chinas economic development. The research theme of this article is to discover the challenges facing the development of Chinas sharing economy and find strategies to deal with them. The research method of this paper is literature analysis, and the research conclusion of this paper is that the challenges faced by the domestic sharing economy are, respectively, an imperfect social system, a great conflict with the traditional economy, and a regulation of the sharing economy that needs to be improved. The corresponding strategies are: first, to improve Chinas per capita quality level; second, to improve the social credit information system; and third, to improve the supervision system of the sharing economy.

Ensuring Legal Safeguards for Digitalized Social Services within the Framework of Government Decentralization

The purpose of the study is to digitize the social services system in the context of decentralization of power: legal regulation and areas of improvement. Main content. It has been established that new online services are being introduced in Ukraine to enable consumers to receive such services virtually. In our opinion, in the future, these services should simplify the procedure for access to them, taking into account the entities which are primarily interested in using them, and expand the scope of their provision: from informing the consumer to obtaining the result. The society and science development requires the introduction of new technologies into the service system. It has been concluded that the need to use information technologies in judicial proceedings is due to the global informational support of modern society, and development of new interaction forms in the social area using electronic means of communication: the global Internet, mobile and satellite communication systems. The author reveals the essence of "Portal Diia", which is introduced within the framework of the Unified Social Information System of a single electronic document in the social matters, and highlighted the disadvantage of this application: ensuring the protection of personal data, and access to information about the citizen sphere of interests accumulated in computer networks.

Colombian Ocular Inflammatory Diseases Epidemiology Study (COIDES): Optic Neuritis Incidence Between 2015-2020

ABSTRACT Purpose To estimate the incidence of Optic Neuritis (ON) in Colombia using data from the national health registry between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. Methods A population-based study was conducted using the Integrated Social Protection Information System from the Colombian Ministry of Health and the International Classification of Diseases-10 code for ON to estimate the incidence of ON from 2015 to 2020. We also evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the epidemiology of the disease in 2020. Finally, a standardized morbidity rate map was created to assess a country’s ON geographic distribution. Results From 2015 to 2019, 2,463 new cases of ON were reported. The overall 5-year incidence rate was 1.56 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, 66% of the patients were females. The peak of presentation in males was the quinquennium of 50–54 years, and in females, it was 45–49 years. In 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduction in the incidence of ON by approximately 0.15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The regions with a high number of cases and an increasing risk of new cases were Bogotá, Antioquia, and Valle del Cauca. Conclusions The incidence of ON in Colombia is lower compared to countries in the northern hemisphere, with women under 50 years being predominantly affected. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic corresponded with a reduction in identifying new ON cases. This underscores governments’ need to implement effective diagnostic strategies in the future.

자립준비청년 사회보장제도 이용의 영향요인 분석

Objectives: This study aims to examine the predictors on welfare receipt among youth in out-of-home care (youth preparing for independence) by using administrative data including the Social Welfare Facilities Information System and the Social Security Information System. Methods: The study analyzed 12,280 youth in out-of-home care, and the logistic regression models using Stata 15.0 was employed to examine the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, out-of-home care characteristics, and welfare receipt including self-reliance allowance, Child Development Account (Didim Seed Account), and the National Basic Livelihood Security benefits.
 Results: First, the study found that the younger youth, who stayed for a longer period at out-of-home care, youth in foster care, youth with higher educational level, and unemployed youth were less likely to receive self-reliance allowance when compared to older, youth who stayed for a shorter period at out-of-home care, youth in childcare facilities, youth with lower education, and employed youth. Second, female, the older, youth who stayed shorter period at out-of-home care, youth in foster care, and youth with higher education level were less likely to open the Child Development Account when compared to male, the younger, youth who stayed for a longer period at out-of-home care, youth in childcare facilities and group homes, and youth with lower educational level. Third, male, the older, youth who stayed for a shorter period at out-of-home care, youth in foster care, youth with higher educational level, and employed youth were less likely to receive the Livelihood Benefits including medical and housing assistance when compared to female, the younger, youth who stayed for a longer period at out-of-home care, youth in childcare facilities, youth with lower educational level, and unemployed youth.
 Conclusions: Based on the findings, the study suggests implications for promoting the use of welfare receipt among youth in out-of-home care.

Burden of disease in Colombian Orinoquia Region, 2017.

Population health diagnoses are a fundamental tool to guide health policies and programs, and consequently, public health requirements. In this perspective, the burden of disease in inhabitants of Colombian Orinoquia is quantified for the first time. A descriptive population-based study that was based on secondary sources was carried out, which aimed at measuring the burden of the disease in the Colombian region of Orinoquia, using the simplified synthetic indicator of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of the global health estimation methodology. We used mortality records from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) and service provision records from the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia, both records from the year 2017, available on the Integrated Social Protection Information System. 288,740.2 DALYs occurred (95% UI 210,714.6-382,948.8), with higher reports for men (59%); group of non-communicable diseases accounted for 62.3% of DALYs (179,993.6, 95% UI, 115,030.2-268,405.0), followed by external cause injuries group which contributed 24.6% (71,000.0, 95% UI, 25,638.1-134,013.1), and group of communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders which contributed 13.1% (37,746.0, 95% UI, 28,048.0-50,239.7). Interpersonal violence was the primary cause specific of DALYs with 9.8% of the burden, (28,290.0, 95% UI, 7,365.1-64,208.1). Most DALYs in Orinoquia are produced by non-communicablediseases(NCD), largely caused by neoplasms and cardiovascular disease, which increased with age. However, when considered by specific cause of illness or injury, interpersonal violence is indicated as the main cause of DALYs, affecting mainly young men, possibly as an expression of social inequality, substance use, criminality, and insecurity. It is important to highlight that this region has been recognized as an area of armed conflict, drug trafficking, and poverty.

Colombian Ocular Inflammatory Diseases Epidemiology Study (COIDES): Prevalence, Incidence, and Sociodemographic Characterization of Uveitis in Colombia, 2015-2020

ABSTRACT Purpose To describe the prevalence, incidence, and sociodemographic characteristics of uveitis in Colombia based on the National Health Registry of Colombia, the Integrated Social Protection Information System database (SISPRO). Methods We performed a cross-sectional study using SISPRO. Along with the International Classification of Diseases, we were able to identify cases of general uveitis (GU), anterior (AU), and posterior uveitis (PU) from 2015 to 2019. For 2020, we used a statistical model for spatial data to predict the prevalence/incidence of the diseases and compared it to the data retrieved in SISPRO. Results The average prevalence of GU was 14.66 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, while the average incidence rate of GU during the same period was 13.61 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. In 2020, there was a noticeable decrease in the incidence and prevalence of GU. Similar trends were observed when analyzing the incidence and prevalence of AU and PU separately. Females accounted for most reported cases, and there was a notable shift towards older age groups (over 50 years) for uveitis occurrence in males and females. Regions such as Bogotá, Antioquia, Valle del Cauca, and the Andean region had higher numbers of cases and a more significant disease burden. Conclusions Our study represents Colombia’s first population-based characterization of GU, AU, and PU epidemiology. Our results highlight the importance of understanding disease patterns according to sociodemographic factors intrinsic to distinct geographic locations to design better preventive, diagnostic, and treatment approaches in the Colombian population.

Prevención de la osteoporosis en población mayor de 50 años en Colombia: un modelo de intervención desde la perspectiva nutrieconómica

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a chronic disease characterized by a decrease in the density of bone mass, making bone more porous, less resistant and of lower quality than normal bone. This leads to the deterioration of its microstructure, making the bone more fragile and therefore increasing the risk of fracture. It has been found that high concentrations of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium promote the absorption of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus and thus increase mineral density. Due to the great social and economic impacts of osteoporosis, it is necessary to develop interventions that can be easily adopted at the population level, improving the quality of life of individuals without significantly affecting the health system. Objective: Assessing the impact of increased dairy consumption on the Colombian population diagnosed with osteoporosis between 2015 and 2020 through the simulation of the potential impact fraction (PIF). Methods: Using data from the Integrated Social Protection Information System (SISPRO) and National Nutritional Situation Survey (ENSIN), the incidence, the frequency of milk consumption, the potential impact fraction (PIF), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were estimated. Results: A total of 63,640 cases of osteoporosis were identified. The highest incidence was observed in 2019. Seventeen food groups were identified in the ENSIN, and the most frequent products consumed by respondents over 50 years of age were milk, cheese, and yogurt. The PIF was then analysed, with a calcium intake of 600 mg/day, and a significant difference in the decrease in the number of cases was observed. In 2019, a higher estimated DALY loss of 9.9 was observed. In women, years of life lost due to fractures were the highest in the 65-69 age group. In men, they were highest in the 75-79 age group. Discussion: We observed that the departments with the highest consumption of dairy products were the capital of the country and regions where dairy products factories are located. It was not possible to establish an association between socioeconomic strata and low dairy intake. Nevertheless, some authors have proposed that westernization of diets and low income reduce access to fresh fruits and milk derivates. Conclusion: Years lost due to disability increased in the population over 60 years of age. In the PIF analysis, a decrease in cases was observed when the population increased consumption of dairy products.

Epidemiology of Asbestosis between 2010-2014 and 2015-2019 Periods in Colombia: Descriptive Study.

Asbestosis is a prevalent worldwide problem, but scarce data sourced from developing countries are available. We describe the sociodemographic characteristics and patterns in the occurrence of care provided for asbestosis in Colombia during the periods 2010-2014 and 2015-2019 to establish the behavior, trends, and variables associated with concentrations among people attended by asbestosis. A retrospective descriptive study was carried out with data from the Integrated Social Protection Information System (SISPRO) for two 5-year periods. People attended by asbestosis (ICD-10: J61) were identified; the frequency of patient visits, sociodemographic characteristics, case distribution patterns, and trends in both five-year periods were described, as was the crude frequency (cFr, 95% CI) of asbestosis (1,000,000 people/year) in both five-year periods (cFr ratio, 95% CI). During the period 2010-2019, 765 people attended by asbestosis were identified; there were 308 people attended by asbestosis between 2010-2014 (cFr: 2.20, 1.96-2.47), and ther were 457 people attended by asbestos between 2015-2019 (cFr: 3.14, 2.92-3.50). In both periods, the estimated cFr in men was nine times the estimated cFr in women. The cFr increased in the 2015-2019 period (cFr_ratio: 1.23, 1.06-1.43). Compared with the 2010-2014 period, the cFr of asbestosis increased in women (cFr_ratio: 1.44, 1.03-2.01), in the Andean (cFr_ratio: 1.61, 1.35-1.95) and Caribbean regions (cFr_ratio: 1. 66, 1.21-2.30), in the urban area (cFr_ratio: 1.24, 1.05-1.48), and in the age groups 45-59 years (cFr_ratio: 1.34, 1.001-1.79) and ≥60 years (cFr_ratio: 1.43, 1.13-1.83). During two five-year periods, the cFr of asbestosis was higher in men; between the first and second five-year periods, it increased significantly, especially in urbanized geographic areas and in populations aged ≥45 years. The estimates possibly reflect the effect of disease latency or the expected impact of public health policies to monitor asbestos exposure and complications.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Intelligent monitoring methodology for large-scale logistics transport vehicles based on parallel Internet of Vehicles

The essence of the Internet of Vehicles is a social and physical information system, including the psychological and organizational factors of human beings. The complexity of the Internet will lead to certain deviations when monitoring vehicles. Therefore, the Parallel Internet of Vehicles is employed to monitor the information on large-scale logistics transport vehicles. This platform is built based on the ACP intelligent approach, which consists of three parts: An artificial system (A), a computational experiment (C), and parallel execution (P). The Adaboost algorithm is used to extract information on large-scale logistics transport vehicles from the ACP parallel Internet of Vehicles, and the Tabu search strategy is applied to optimize the Monte Carlo positioning algorithm. The approximate optimal estimation is obtained by optimizing the filtering to eliminate vehicle positions with fewer possibilities. The weight of important sampling values of the independent vehicle node positions is integrated to complete the posterior probability distribution estimation of the possible positions of vehicles, in order to realize vehicle position monitoring. It is verified that the root-mean square error of the algorithm when positioning a vehicle is less than 0.18, and the monitoring deviation is quite small.

Frequency of use and cost of biologic treatment for inflammatory bowel disease and inflammatory bowel disease-associated arthropathy in Colombia in 2019

Introduction and aimsInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a high economic burden due to its chronicity. Treatment has evolved, thanks to the understanding of IBD pathogenesis and the advent of biologic therapy, albeit the latter increases direct costs. The aim of the present study was to calculate the total cost and cost per patient/year of biologic therapy for IBD and IBD-associated arthropathy in Colombia. MethodsA descriptive study was conducted. The data were obtained from the Comprehensive Social Protection Information System of the Department of Health for the year 2019, utilizing the medical diagnosis codes of the International Classification of Diseases related to IBD and IBD-associated arthropathy as keywords. ResultsThe prevalence of IBD and IBD-associated arthropathy was 61 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.5:1. Joint involvement was 3%, and 6.3% of the persons with IBD and IBD-associated arthropathy received biologic therapy. Adalimumab was the most widely prescribed biologic drug (49.2%). Biologic therapy had a cost of $15,926,302 USD and the mean cost per patient/year was $18,428 USD. Adalimumab had the highest impact on healthcare resource utilization, with a total cost of $7,672,320 USD. According to subtype, ulcerative colitis had the highest cost ($10,932,489 USD). ConclusionBiologic therapy is expensive, but its annual cost in Colombia is lower than that of other countries due to the government’s regulation of high-cost medications.

Frecuencia de uso y costo del tratamiento biológico para enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y artropatía asociada a enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en Colombia durante el año 2019

Introduction and aimsInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a high economic burden due to its chronicity. Treatment has evolved, thanks to the understanding of IBD pathogenesis and the advent of biologic therapy, albeit the latter increases direct costs. The aim of the present study was to calculate the total cost and cost per patient/year of biologic therapy for IBD and IBD-associated arthropathy in Colombia. MethodsA descriptive study was conducted. The data were obtained from the Comprehensive Social Protection Information System of the Department of Health for the year 2019, utilizing the medical diagnosis codes of the International Classification of Diseases related to IBD and IBD-associated arthropathy as keywords. ResultsThe prevalence of IBD and IBD-associated arthropathy was 61 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.5:1. Joint involvement was 3%, and 6.3% of the persons with IBD and IBD-associated arthropathy received biologic therapy. Adalimumab was the most widely prescribed biologic drug (49.2%). Biologic therapy had a cost of $15,926,302 USD and the mean cost per patient/year was $18,428 USD. Adalimumab had the highest impact on healthcare resource utilization, with a total cost of $7,672,320 USD. According to subtype, ulcerative colitis had the highest cost ($10,932,489 USD). ConclusionBiologic therapy is expensive, but its annual cost in Colombia is lower than that of other countries due to the government's regulation of high-cost medications.

Adherence to guidelines on the use of amoxicillin for treatment of ambulatory pneumonia in children younger than 5 years, Colombia, 2017-2019.

To determine the level of adherence to clinical guidelines in prescribing amoxicillin to children younger than 5 years with pneumonia in outpatient settings in Colombia from 2017 to 2019, and assess the factors associated with adherence. This was a cross-sectional study of secondary data from the Colombian Integrated Social Protection Information System database. Adherence was defined as prescription of oral amoxicillin for bacterial and unspecified pneumonia and non-prescription for viral pneumonia. Variables examined included: age (< 1 year, 1-4 years) of child; sex; cause of pneumonia (bacterial, viral, unspecified); region (Andean, Amazonian, Pacific, Caribbean, Insular, Orinoquian); and payment mechanism (without prior authorization, capitation, direct payment, pay per case, pay for event). Of 215 925 cases of community-acquired pneumonia reported during 2017-2019, 64.8% were from the Andean region, 73.9% were bacterial pneumonia and 1.8% were viral pneumonia. Adherence to guidelines was observed in 5.8% of cases: this was highest for children diagnosed with viral (86.0%) compared with bacterial (2.0%) pneumonia. For children diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia, 9.4% were prescribed any antibiotic. A greater proportion of children covered by capitated payments (22.3%) were given treatment consistent with the guidelines compared with payment for event (1.3%). In this first study from Colombia, adherence to guidelines for outpatient treatment of children with bacterial pneumonia was low and was better for viral pneumonia. Further qualitative studies are needed to explore the reasons for this lack of adherence and why bacterial pneumonia was the most commonly reported etiology.