Social Image Research Articles

Making the most of big qualitative datasets: a living systematic review of analysis methods.

Qualitative data provides deep insights into an individual's behaviors and beliefs, and the contextual factors that may shape these. Big qualitative data analysis is an emerging field that aims to identify trends and patterns in large qualitative datasets. The purpose of this review was to identify the methods used to analyse large bodies of qualitative data, their cited strengths and limitations and comparisons between manual and digital analysis approaches. A multifaceted approach has been taken to develop the review relying on academic, gray and media-based literature, using approaches such as iterative analysis, frequency analysis, text network analysis and team discussion. The review identified 520 articles that detailed analysis approaches of big qualitative data. From these publications a diverse range of methods and software used for analysis were identified, with thematic analysis and basic software being most common. Studies were most commonly conducted in high-income countries, and the most common data sources were open-ended survey responses, interview transcripts, and first-person narratives. We identified an emerging trend to expand the sources of qualitative data (e.g., using social media data, images, or videos), and develop new methods and software for analysis. As the qualitative analysis field may continue to change, it will be necessary to conduct further research to compare the utility of different big qualitative analysis methods and to develop standardized guidelines to raise awareness and support researchers in the use of more novel approaches for big qualitative analysis. https://osf.io/hbvsy/?view_only=.

Tapping generative AI capabilities: a study to examine continued intention to use ChatGPT in the travel planning

ABSTRACT Generative AI has lately been established as a very effective tool impacting consumer decision-making. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the variables affecting the flow of controversial AI in travel and tourism. Despite the increasing interest in ChatGPT, little research has examined what factors influence the uptake of this novel AI tool and its implications in the travel planning industry. This work builds its conceptual model on UTAUT2 and PCI Theory and tests the antecedents of Flow which impacts continuance intention to use ChatGPT in travel planning. An online survey was administered among 408 individuals in India. Of the factors of UTAUT2 and PCI, social influence, compatibility, and image do not impact the flow state significantly. Additionally, the study establishes the relationship between Flow and the continued intention to use ChatGPT for travel planning with “external influence” as a moderator.

The Psychosocial Burden Of Psoriasis: Understanding The Impact On Mental Health And Well-Being

Psoriasis is a chronic, systemic inflammatory skin condition that is distinguished by scaly, red lesions that can be uncomfortable, itchy, and disfiguring. Psoriasis can influence aspects of one’s life beyond distressful physical symptoms, such as mood and quality of life. Patients diagnosed with psoriasis are 39% more likely to suffer from concomitant depression and 31% of patients are diagnosed with anxiety [1]. Due to physical manifestations, individuals with psoriasis are at increased risk of developing issues of poor social perception and body image stress [2]. Research states that psoriasis flare-ups are sometimes directly linked with bouts of anxiety and depression; conversely, physical symptoms of psoriasis may be attributed to psychosocial issues. For example, depression may cause a lack of proper adherence to treatment and lead to exacerbated inflammation. Understanding the psychosocial aspects of psoriasis may provide pertinent clinical information; thereby, allowing seamless integration of psychiatric treatments for the overall treatment protocol for psoriasis. This project delves into understanding how decreased emotional and social well-being can challenge the proper maintenance and treatment of psoriasis. Further, this paper highlights adaptive coping strategies and social support networks that are key in enhancing treatment viability. Oliver C, Robert PD, Daihung D, et al. The Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Patients With Psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 2010;146(8) Hepat A, Chakole S, Rannaware A. Psychological Well-Being of Adult Psoriasis Patients: A Narrative Review. Cureus. 2023

Abstract A153: Patient-informed patient navigation for colorectal cancer screening among racial and ethnic minorities: A qualitative work

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Black individuals experience higher mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to non-Hispanic White individuals, and the incidence of CRC, while increasing among all minority populations, has increased the most among Hispanic/Latinx individuals. Furthermore, minority populations have significantly lower likelihood of being up to date with CRC screening, due in part to unaddressed social determinants of health. These disparities suggest room for evidence-based interventions such as patient navigation to address barriers and facilitate screening among these populations. To understand perceptions of a referral-based patient navigation program for CRC screening, we conducted interviews with Black/African American and Hispanic/Latinx patients to understand the challenges, preferences, and considerations of CRC screening and navigation. METHODS: We recruited English- and Spanish-speaking patients who were due for CRC screening in the electronic health record (EHR). Patients were either Black/African American and/or Hispanic/Latino and between the ages of 45-75. Interviews lasted 60 minutes and topics included preferences, barriers, and facilitators to screening, and preferences for patient navigation. Data were transcribed and analyzed for emergent themes. RESULTS: 15 interviews were conducted between January to April 2024. Approximately half of all participants identified as women (n=8, 53%), ethnically as Hispanic/Latino (n=8, 53%), and racially as Black/African American (n=8, 53.3%). Most patients had received some form of CRC screening within their lifetime. Awareness of CRC varied: Many participants were aware of CRC from family history or friends diagnosed with the condition, whereas others did not associate CRC screening with CRC. At least one patient sought screening outside of the US due to differences in colonoscopy prep requirements. When asked about barriers to screening, common themes included fear of the colonoscopy process (specifically regarding social image, preparation, and cancer diagnoses), education (lack of awareness of CRC and the importance of screening), and social needs (cost, transportation, and flexibility with work). Finally, when inquiring about preferences for patient navigation, participants requested help with transportation and expressed preferences including simple language and tailoring conversations to patient’s literacy levels, accommodating language preferences, and avoiding medical jargon. Patients also suggested navigators should be prepared to explain things to patients in-depth (e.g., what will happen during the procedure), providing patients options, talking about public figures who have battled CRC, and speaking about the benefits and the risks of screening. CONCLUSION: This work explores patient needs, concerns, and perceptions of navigation for CRC screening among historically marginalized groups. Results from this work will be used to tailor navigation strategies, ensuring equitable navigation and promoting the importance of CRC screening. Citation Format: Laura C. Schubel, Jessica Rivera Rivera, Katarina AuBuchon, Jennifer Tran, Marjorie Locke, Hannah Arem. Patient-informed patient navigation for colorectal cancer screening among racial and ethnic minorities: A qualitative work [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A153.

The demand for reporting environmental sustainability and social responsibility: insight from Saudi Arabia corporate reports

Purpose In countries where disclosing and reporting matters on sustainability are optional, what are the drivers promoting voluntarily disclosing information related to social responsibility and environmental sustainability corporate environmental and social responsibility? Exploring drivers promoting the demand for voluntarily disclosing information related to social responsibility and environmental sustainability in Saudi Arabia, where regulatory and professional bodies have not mandated information on corporate environmental and social responsibility, motivates this study. Design/methodology/approach A total of 48 individuals voluntarily participated in the survey. Findings Findings reveal that creating a better social, ethical and mental image, building a public relations image for the company, improving stakeholder trust in the company, signaling to investors the company’s care for the earth to meet the ethical motivation of stakeholders, enhancing corporate social responsibility awareness and exhibiting surpasses the mere generation of profits, all derive such disclosure. Such disclosure also signifies the firm’s value as well as improves the overall firm’s economic performance. Practical implications Regulatory and professional bodies must issue and adopt reporting models for entities, principally private companies, whether publicly traded or not, of the content. Their reports should aim to inform users and stakeholders about fulfilling the social and environmental responsibilities of entities toward society and its members. Social implications Out of the drivers for the demand, perceptions of elders toward meeting ethical motivation of senior management significantly differ from that of younger. Originality/value Few studies have been attempted on drivers of the demand for reporting environmental sustainability and social responsibility in an environment where such reporting is not mandated. This study offers insight from Saudi Arabian corporate reports.

Female CEOs’ name gender-neutralization and audit fees: Evidence from China

We focus on how inconsistency or conflict between actual biological sex and name gender-orientation affects CEO trustworthiness, and thus firm audit fees. This study of Chinese listed firms led by female CEOs finds that female CEOs’ name gender-neutralization significantly reduces audit fees, and the presence of female auditors mitigates the above negative relationship. Mechanism tests find that female CEOs’ name gender-neutralization reduces audit fees by adopting positive tone, enhancing TMT stability, and improving social image. Heterogeneity analysis from the perspectives of CEO and auditor traits demonstrate that when female CEOs were born before the 1970s, also serve as chairmen, and are non-family CEOs, as well as when auditors tenure is shortened, audit report time lag is decreased, and the audit team gender structure is singular, female CEOs’ name gender-neutralization reduces audit fees more significantly. We find no evidence that female CEOs with masculine or gender-neutral names perform better or worse than those with feminine names in any substantive way. Additionally, female CEOs’ name gender-neutralization does not have a consistent effect on positive and negative abnormal audit fees.

ARTISTIC AXIOLOGY OF THE IMAGE OF THE «NEW KAZAKH WOMAN» IN ABAY’S POETRY

The main leitmotif of this study is the artistic existence of the "new kazakh woman” in the creative context of Abai, their features and axiological character, which have their own gender consciousness. In addition, the content and semantic meaning of the category “value” is analyzed in revealing the axiological facets of Kazakh women, embodied by the poet. The author draws attention to the spiritual world of the kazakh woman and the ontological aspect of female consciousness, which first appears in Abai’s discourse, beyond the stereotypes and cultural clichés of women that once existed in kazakh literature. For centuries, beauty, grace, and external portraiture have been glorified as a way of conveying individuality, personal facets of a kazakh woman and mental phenomena in her spiritual world. Also in the national literature, the emancipatory point of view of Abai, who was the first to sing of women's liberation and women's happiness, is considered. In the literary, cultural, historical context, the asocial realities of kazakh women and their “changed” behavioral strategies are considered, which violate the generally accepted standards of traditional society in Abai’s poetry and introduce new views, new values. It also formulates the artistic world of female characters who openly express love passions and intimate desires in Abai’s works, and a poetic position illustrating feminist traits in accordance with the female worldview. The “new kazakh woman” created by Abai boldly challenges the established conventions of patriarchal society, protesting against the stereotypical views imposed on him (everyday, family, life). Realizing the meaning of her life, her “I,” she manifests herself in the image of the desire to act, to live as she wants for herself. The purpose of the study was also to determine the women's problem in Abai's work, which was previously considered in various aspects, the evolution of their social, psychological, aesthetic and artistic image and the novelty of the poet in interpreting the female theme. Therefore, the article consistently differentiates a new image of the Kazakh woman, who in the previous literary discourse has transformed from a spiritually weak, passive personality into a versatile, mature, active personality.

Advertisements for prescription-free drugs and dietary supplements in the Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung (German Pharmacist Journal).

The Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung (DAZ, German Pharmacist Journal) is an independent pharmaceutical newspaper focusing on science and practice, mainly for the profession of pharmacist. In this study, drug advertising in the DAZ was analysed. To our knowledge, there is little scientific data available on drug advertising in professional journals. We assumed that professional journals provide particularly good background information on the advertised drugs because they are targeted to specialists. All non-prescription medicines and preparations that fall under the Medicines Advertising Law (Heilmittelwerbegesetz, HWG) were studied. The Medicines Advertising Law regulates the legal procedure for advertising medicinal products in Germany. The 167 product advertisements from the 52 issues of 2021 were analysed and checked for compliance with the Medicines Advertising Law. We identified significant deficiencies in compliance with the legislation. These included the lack of mandatory information required by the Medicines Advertising Law, for example the indication of adverse drug reactions and the listing of contraindications. There are very few peer-reviewed references on the efficacy of the advertised preparations. A scientific validation was carried out using the PubMed database, with the result that scientific information was available only for 1/3 of the advertisements. In addition, the appearance and target groups as well as social structures, images and feelings conveyed by the advertising were analysed. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of drug advertising in professional journals, which have not yet been researched to any great extent. Even in professional journals, pharmacological evidence plays a much smaller role than marketing, psychology and traditional social values. It seems that drug manufacturers deliberately ignore the German Medicines Advertising Law to advertise their products in the best possible way. Stricter legal controls should be put in place to prevent this practice and protect consumers from misinformation. This will increase drug safety.

Emotional intelligence and demographic factors: Moderating effects in service recovery strategy

This study highlights the role of emotional intelligence, gender, income, and residence area on the relationship between brand image, service recovery strategy, and satisfaction. The multistage with purposive sampling method has recruited 600 samples of private hospital services in Thailand. Self-administered online questionnaires via Google Forms were used to collect the data online. Confirmatory factor analysis and multigroup SEM have been used for hypothesis testing. The research explores emotional intelligence (EI), with lower emotional intelligence associated with more negative perceptions of social brand image. Lower income affects the symbolic and social image, influencing satisfaction with a service recovery strategy. The upcountry areas viewed experiential images more positively compared to those from urban regions. Gender did not significantly moderate these relationships. The study also highlights thatfactors do not substantially impact service recovery satisfaction but are still vital for effective communication and brand attachment. The results underscore the intricate dynamics of the various factors that shape consumer attitudes and behaviours toward service recovery strategy.

Purchase intention toward E-pharmacy: the consumption value perspective

Purpose This study aims to examine consumer purchase behavior towards E-pharmacy from a consumption value perspective. For this purpose, the influence of consumption values on consumer purchase intention is evaluated. Further, the role of consumer involvement in online purchase setup in the context of E-pharmacy is observed using moderation analysis. Design/methodology/approach The study used a cross-sectional survey design, wherein the respondents in the Delhi-National Capital Region of India were approached using a purposive sampling method. Responses received through the structured questionnaire were subjected to analysis using Smart PLS Version 4.0.9.6. Findings Results indicate a significant influence of functional (partial), emotional, social and conditional values on consumers’ purchase intention. Moreover, the moderation effect of consumer online involvement is seen in functional value (partial) and emotional value–purchase intention relationships. Research limitations/implications This study reinforces the use of the consumption value perspective to explain consumer purchase behavior toward information system (IS)-based platforms such as E-pharmacy. Some of the results, in this context, that did not establish significant relationships between a given form of consumption values and purchase intention, open up the possibilities of retesting the said relationships in the future. The researchers would realize the benefit of such examinations, as the E-pharmacy sector further evolves and matures in the future. Further, the successful establishment of a significant moderating role of consumer online involvement in certain consumption value-purchase intention relationships such as safety, perceived convenience and comfort value paves the way for future researchers to explore consumer online involvement for a similar role in IS research. Practical implications This study provides cues for E-pharmacy marketers to focus on enhancing product safety, usage comfort, users’ social image and awareness toward health consciousness that will help build purchase intention and assist in overcoming the challenges in the long run. It further suggests that marketers should have a strong re-look at forming price value perceptions and they must enhance the interactive features of the company’s mobile apps/websites with the help of the emerging artificial intelligence tools to re-orient the epistemic value and perceived convenience value toward E-pharmacy services. Furthermore, this study recommends following digital marketing practices to increase consumer online involvement, which would help strengthen perceived convenience formation that would otherwise be difficult to attain for E-pharmacy consumers. Originality/value This study provides novel insight into consumer purchase intention evaluation through the consumption value perspective in an emerging E-pharmacy market. The consumption value frame of reference helps to understand consumers’ buying rationale that affects their buying behavior beyond the initial adoption. Further, the moderation analysis of consumer online involvement provides an additional dimension to understanding consumer buying behavior concerning E-pharmacy.

Daily Bi-directional effects of women’s social media-based appearance comparisons, body satisfaction, and disordered eating urges

We assessed the bi-directional relationships between upward appearance comparisons on social media with body dissatisfaction (BD) and disordered eating (DE) in women’s daily lives and the potential moderating effect of trait self-objectification on these relationships. Women (N = 315) completed a baseline measure of trait self-objectification, then reported momentary experiences of social media-based appearance comparisons (upward, lateral, downward), body satisfaction, and DE urges (restrict food intake, exercise, overeat) for seven days. We hypothesized that upward (relative to no) comparisons would predict lower body satisfaction and higher DE urges, while lateral and downward (relative to no) comparisons would predict higher body satisfaction and lower DE urges. We expected these relationships to be bi-directional and moderated by trait self-objectification. Multilevel modelling results revealed complex bi-directional relationships. Upward comparisons predicted lower body satisfaction and increased urges to restrict food intake, which in turn predicted increased upward comparisons. Unexpectedly, urges to restrict food intake predicted all comparison types. We observed somewhat unanticipated bi-directional relationships between lateral comparisons and exercise urges, and between downward comparisons and body satisfaction. Uni-directional relationships emerged between upward comparisons and the urge to overeat. Trait self-objectification moderated very few of these relationships. These findings support the non-uniform impact of appearance comparisons on body image and eating concerns and highlight the complexity of daily social media-body image dynamics. Future research using refined measures over extended periods is needed to elucidate these relationships further and inform targeted interventions.

Analysis of the Impact of Green Accounting Information Disclosure on Corporate Financial Performance

Green accounting information disclosure, as an emerging accounting practice, aims to promote corporate social responsibility by recording, reporting, and disclosing corporate actions and performance in environmental protection. This study explores the impact of green accounting information disclosure on corporate financial performance and its significance in modern corporate management. The study finds that green accounting information disclosure not only enhances a company s social image but also improves its financial performance in the long term.

A dataset of semantic segmentation in earthquake disaster detection based on social media images

A dataset of semantic segmentation in earthquake disaster detection based on social media images

The Relationship among Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Factors

As the global economy slows down, enterprise development enters a new stage. In addition to scale expansion, more emphasis is placed on external factors that focus on sustainable development, such as environmental, social and governance (ESG). ESG represents the concept of green economy, emphasizing that enterprises should not develop at the cost of the environment, but should take the initiative to fulfill social responsibilities and protect the rights and interests of stakeholders. In this paper, the comprehensive impact of ESG dimensions on corporate governance is deeply studied. Through the systematic review and analysis of several domestic and international literatures, this paper reveals the key role of strong governance structures in promoting the development and implementation of corporate environmental policies, as well as their central position in enhancing social responsibility and corporate social image. Research shows that good governance can not only improve a company's environmental performance, but also further enhance its financial performance and market competitiveness by improving social interaction and meeting stakeholder needs. This paper emphasizes that the optimization of governance structure is an important strategy for enterprises to achieve sustainable development and increase shareholder

행정에서 인공지능의 활용에 있어서 행정법적 문제과 개혁과제

In order to achieve a fair, efficient, rapid and predictable exercise of state power, it is necessary to prepare for the emergence of a “government for the people, using artificial intelligence, for the people,” which has jumped from a “government for the people, by the people, for the people” by accepting advanced science and technology and reflecting the changed social image, so it is necessary to review the active use of artificial intelligence within the framework of the rule of law administration, check administrative law, and improve legislation. Analysis of the use of artificial intelligence in administrative law does not stop at deriving the current law's interpretation or legislative tasks for the use of artificial intelligence under the Administrative Procedure Act or limited to administrative disposition, but also checks the public law interpretation and response to the use of artificial intelligence in all “administrations” subject to administrative law. Criticism or problem consciousness of current artificial intelligence mainly deals with information opacity, process inexplicability, non-decipherability, information contamination, and intentional distortion of information in the deep learning stage and the use of generative artificial intelligence. The general legislative attitude of the EU and others has attempted to establish a legislative safety net to prevent the emergence of market economy monsters using artificial intelligence, but it should be taken into account that policy judgment and normative consideration are needed to prepare for the emergence of information monsters at the same level as public and private areas, and discussions on risks are focused on deep learning-based artificial intelligence. The EU-type behavioral regulation model regulates general behavior in the use of artificial intelligence regardless of the public and private areas, but private economic entities have no democratic legitimacy in the organizational composition and pursue the maximum of private interests by nature. It is overlooked that the administrative entity, which is the public authority, has democratic legitimacy in the composition, and that the possibility of stakeholder participation in administrative processes and specific administrative procedures is guaranteed, as well as checks by the principle of separation of powers. If the act regulation law in the use of artificial intelligence by private economic entities is brought into the public domain, it leads to overregulation in the public domain, but underregulation for private economic entities occurs. Data is the resource of the future and the oil of the future in the age of artificial intelligence. The data must be managed publicly and the public's free and stable use must be guaranteed if the public property of the data is recognized and pseudonymized information is released from the personal personal rights and ownership of the data. A department in charge of creating, collecting, and managing big data at the national level will be essential. Hangeul data, with the originality of Hangeul, needs to approach the protection of Hangeul resources and the development of Hangul-specific artificial intelligence in order to protect national interests. It is necessary to actively utilize artificial intelligence to increase the objectivity and rationality of evaluation in evaluating business feasibility or predicting future demand in various private capital attraction projects and public development projects, and it is necessary to improve the legal system that detects the misappropriation and overcharges of public funds, imposes punitive fines, and the use of artificial intelligence in the process of selecting subjects and verifying them through post-mortem review in the public benefit area.

삼국~통일신라시대 瓦棺墓에 대한 新고찰

Humanity chose ‘a tomb’ as the time after life, that is, a space to face death. In other words, a tomb is a space where people spend longer than life, and among them, a tomb made of tile used as a building material can be called a Tile Coffin Tombs. Until now, tiled coffin tombs have not received much attention in academia, but recent research cases are increasing. Accordingly, after conducting a survey on the current status, the size and longitudinal ratio of the tomb, the location and direction of the major axis, type classification and year, and burial products and burial patterns were examined. Through this, it was confirmed that there are not a few differences betweenthe tiled tombs of Baekje and Silla cultures. In addition, we looked at the case of China, where Tile Coffin Tombs was first created, and the social image of the Wei, jin, Northern and Southern dynasties in which Tile Coffin Tombs appeared in Baekje. As a result, it was confirmed that Baekje, which had a close relationship with the Chinese Southern Dynasties, continued to exchange technologies in various fields of society and received Buddhism and temples, half-down draft kiln, and new roof tile production techniques. In the process, it was confirmed that the tiled coffin tomb that was introduced into Baekje was later transmitted to Silla, and that through re-localization, the tiled coffin tomb of the two cultures came to be established in different forms. The nature of burial in tile-coffin tombs, which were originally mainly used as infant graves in China, must also be understood in conjunction with these changes and need to be interpreted from a broad perspective.

Exploring the Influence of Consumer Perception, Social Norms, and Face Consciousness on Generation Z’s Willingness to Purchase Counterfeit Luxury Goods

This conceptual study explores the influence of consumer perception, social norms, and face consciousness on Generation Z's willingness to purchase counterfeit luxury goods. As the youngest and most digitally connected consumer group, Generation Z presents a unique paradox: a desire for luxury and social status juxtaposed with value-driven, often budget-conscious purchasing behaviors. Drawing on theories of consumer behavior, social identity, and face consciousness, this paper examines how Generation Z’s motivations are shaped by perceptions of counterfeit value, peer influence, and a heightened sense of social image. By analyzing these factors, the study provides a framework for understanding Gen Z's attitudes toward counterfeit luxury goods, offering insights for luxury brand managers to reinforce brand authenticity and mitigate counterfeit appeal. Findings suggest that aligning brand strategies with Gen Z’s values around authenticity, social responsibility, and exclusivity can play a pivotal role in counteracting the demand for counterfeit products, while fostering a culture of informed and ethical consumption.

Neural populations in macaque anterior cingulate cortex encode social image identities

The anterior cingulate cortex gyrus (ACCg) has been implicated in prosocial behaviors and reasoning about social cues. While this indicates that ACCg is involved in social behavior, it remains unclear whether ACCg neurons also encode social information during goal-directed actions without social consequences. To address this, we assessed how social information is processed by ACCg neurons in a reward localization task. Here we show that neurons in the ACCg of female rhesus monkeys differentiate the identities of conspecifics in task images, even when identity was task-irrelevant. This was in contrast to the prearcuate cortex (PAC), which has not been strongly linked to social behavior, where neurons differentiated identities in both social and nonsocial images. Many neurons in the ACCg also categorically distinguished social from nonsocial trials, but this encoding was only slightly more common in ACCg compared to the PAC. Together, our results suggest that ACCg neurons are uniquely sensitive to social information that differentiates individuals, which may underlie its role in complex social reasoning.

Affective control in adolescence: The influence of age and depressive symptomatology on working memory.

People exhibit marked individual variation in their ability to exercise cognitive control in affectively charged situations. Affective control is typically assessed in laboratory settings by comparing performance in carefully constructed executive tasks performed in both affectively neutral and affectively charged contexts. There is some evidence that affective control undergoes significant improvement throughout adolescence, though it is unclear how adolescents deemed at risk of developing depression exercise affective control despite poor affective control being identified as a contributing factor to ongoing mental ill health in adulthood. The present study therefore investigated affective control in a large (n = 425) sample of adolescents (aged 11-18 years) collected from 2016 to 2018. A simultaneous visuospatial search and written storage working memory (WM) capacity task was carried out to examine affective control, using affectively neutral and affectively negative social images as the task-irrelevant distractors. Overall, WM capacity increased as a function of age across both affective conditions. Moreover, we report a significant difference between affective conditions, with WM capacity slightly lower during trials with affectively negative social scenes, relative to neutral. Performance in each condition and the performance "cost" for completing the task in negative relative to neutral conditions was not modulated by depressive symptoms. Furthermore, age did not predict performance cost, irrespective of depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that WM capacity is relatively robust against socioaffective contexts and mood in adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Social Signaling and Childhood Immunization: A Field Experiment in Sierra Leone.

This article explores the use of social signaling as a policy tool to sustainably affect childhood immunization. In a 26-month field experiment with public clinics in Sierra Leone, I introduce a verifiable signal-in the form of color-coded bracelets-given to children upon timely completion of the first four or all five required vaccinations. Signals increase parents' belief in the visibility of their actions and knowledge of other children's vaccine status. The impact of signals varies significantly with the cost and perceived benefits of the action. There are no discernible effects on timely and complete immunization when the signal is linked to an easier-to-complete vaccine with low perceived benefits, and large positive effects when the signal is linked to a costlier-to-achieve vaccine with high perceived benefits. Parents adjust their behavior nine months before realizing the social image benefit, demonstrating the motivational strength of signaling incentives. Of substantive policy importance, bracelets increase full immunization at one year of age by 9 percentage points, with impacts persisting at two years of age. At a marginal cost of US$24.7 per fully immunized child, social signals can be as cost-effective as financial or in-kind incentives.