Production Of Social Housing Research Articles

The riverside way of life as a spatial attribute for the design practice of Amazonian housing

The production of social housing in the Amazon does not differ from that found in other regions of Brazil, as the lack of adequacy in the projects is a historical and ongoing issue. This essay aims to raise questions about the inadequacy of housing projects for Amazonian cities. Reference is made in this investigation to the Amazonian imaginary, the origins of local ways of living, and the results of research projects already carried out by local researchers. Non-participant observations were also conducted in urban housing areas in the city of Belém. In this sense, it was observed that there are strong indications that the closer to the original way of life of the region's inhabitants, the riverside dwellers, the less likely transformations in housing promoted by the government are to occur. In the study reports, a typological language of riverside dwelling was identified in the modifications made to these state-owned housing units, serving as a mechanism of adaptation in housing. It has been noted that there is a mismatch between the user's needs and state action/production, and understanding the symbolic communications established between people and the built space may likely be beneficial in reducing the existing imbalance between user expectations and project quality in state offerings. Therefore, rethinking the ways of designing and producing architectural living spaces from the local user's perspective is a secure path for the sustainability of the project, encompassing the development of people and space vitality.

Analysis of Mass Housing and Social Housing Production in the Context of Globalization: Examples from Around the World And Turkey

Sanayileşme, hızlı kentleşme, nüfus artışı, dünya savaşları ve çatışmalar sonrasında gerçekleşen zorunlu göçler gibi sebepler sonucunda toplumlardaki alt gelir gruplarının konut ihtiyaçlarını karşılayamaması, devletlerin toplu konut ve sosyal konutları içeren kitlesel konut üretimini hayata geçirmesine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2000 yılından sonra dünyada ve Türkiye’de düşük maliyet ile inşa edilen toplu ve sosyal konutlarda merkezi ve yerel politikalar doğrultusunda küreselleşmenin etkilerini irdelemektir. Çalışma kapsamında, 2000 yılından sonra farklı ülkelerde inşa edilmiş 20 toplu konut ve sosyal konut projesi çeşitli kriterler (tasarım firması, bütçe ve yatırımcı, konut özellikleri, sosyal ve kamusal alanlar, yerleşim şeması) üzerinden incelenmiştir. İncelenen projelerde, dünyada ve Türkiye’de uygulanan toplu ve sosyal konut projelerinin tasarım, planlama ve uygulama aşamalarında benzerlikler ve farklılıklar barındırdığı görülmüş, belirli ortak özelliklere göre seçilen projeler arasında karşılaştırmalı analiz yapılmıştır. Analizden elde edilen bulgulara göre, tüm dünyada benzer şekilde üretilmiş standart konutlar yerine, yerel iklim ve malzemeyi, çevre değerlerini, kullanıcıların ihtiyaçlarını dikkate alan, farklı konut tipleri, kişisel ve ortak etkinlik alanları ve sosyal alanlar sunan konutların üretilmesi uzun vadede etkili ve verimli olabilmektedir. Çalışma, farklı ülkelerde alt ve orta gelir grubu için uygulanmakta olan toplu ve sosyal konutların incelenmesi ve karşılaştırılması, etkili ve sürdürülebilir konut ve çevresi üretimine dair çıkarımlarda bulunması bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Gelecek çalışmalar için ülkelerin yerel politikaları, ekonomileri, kültürel ve sosyal özelliklerine karşılık gelecek toplu ve sosyal konut fikirleri geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Opportunities and Challenges of Municipal Planning in Shaping Vertical Neighbourhoods in Greater London

Production of housing in London is driven by three factors: a housing crisis that requires the construction of more than 1.6 million homes by 2025, a model of social housing production mainly delivered through private developers’ contributions, and a metropolitan governance structure through which housing targets are allocated to municipalities with highly unequal pressures, being inner London boroughs the ones with the highest targets to meet. In the context of a non-prescriptive and liberalised planning system, this threefold scenario has resulted in the construction of unprecedented residential landscapes, dominated by high-density and high-rise buildings. Tower Hamlets Council is at the forefront of this challenge both in the UK and Europe and is trying to develop planning tools to shape them. This article discusses three innovative supplementary planning documents (SPDs) produced by the policy team that have had unequal success in shaping different aspects of this form of development: the South Quay Masterplan SPD, the High Density Living SPD, and the soon-to-be-adopted Tall Building SPD. A comparative analysis of these planning documents and the perception of urban planners working at different stages of the planning process on the effectiveness and limitations of these SPDs in shaping vertical neighbourhoods shed light on the key factors influencing the role municipal planning can have in delivering a built environment that supports residents’ quality of life. By doing so, this case study illustrates the limitations of municipal planning and planners in local government, pointing to more structural and strategic issues of metropolitan governance.

Lack of adaptability in Brazilian social housing: impacts on residents

Brazilian social housing is used to address the country’s housing deficit through government programs with the massive production of standardised affordable housing. This non-systemic approach is shown to neglect residents’ changing needs over time and results in inflexible housing in relation to environmental, constructive, and social issues. The use of inappropriate spatial patterns fails to account for residents’ current socioeconomic and spatial realities. Quantitative/qualitative methods involving residents (<em>n</em> = 162) and two case studies are used to assess resilience in social housing. The costs and implications arising from a lack of housing adaptability are identified. An ‘impact assessment’ tool is employed to document the shocks and tensions experienced by residents along with the negative effects on the house and its occupants. These impacts increase the vulnerability of families and hinder their adaptive capacity. The identification of major impacts and residents’ perceptions can be used to establish priorities for action. <em><strong>Policy relevance</strong></em> Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) processes provide a more systemic approach to identifying and resolving the problems of creating housing fit for purpose. An impact evaluation tool was developed to help with a positive transformation. This indicates how architects, urban planners, and communities can act to mitigate and solve the problems experienced by users of social housing. The use of systemic POE in social housing can inform policies and planning practices that address the needs of residents. It is also intended to provide design information to agents involved in the production of social housing in Brazil, notably designers and users, in order to foster effective strategies to promote more resilient housing, especially in scenarios of intervention and renovations during use. These tools and processes contribute to fulfilling Habitat III’s New Urban Agenda and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 1, 10, and 11).

Latin american housing policies: The case of brazil and mexico / Políticas de habitação americana latina: O caso do brasil e do méxico

Important factors of the capitalist accumulation activities are related with the housing production, having as result conflicts of urban spaces appropriation. From these statements, the present article aims to present an investigation about social housing policies and production in Brazil and Mexico, considering three major historical periods. This paper involves the comprehension of the transformations that occurred in the economic and urban social spheres of these countries, such as the understanding of the influence of neoliberalism’s growth in the end of the XX century. In the article, the transformations are related with the modifications that occurred in the political and economic field of Brazil and Mexico. Therefore, the study sought to understand the historical periods and the alliance of public and private agents in the production of social housing.

The SRU Law, twenty years later: evaluating the legacy of France’s most important social housing program

Twenty years ago, in December 2000, the SRU Law (Loi Solidarité et Renouvellement Urbain) was passed in France, requiring selected municipalities to devote 25% of their local stock to social housing, in order to curb growing trends of segregation. Almost twenty years later, the balance is striking: still 1,222 municipalities targeted by the program do not comply with the set quota of 25% social housing units per municipality. Out of these non-complying municipalities, 269 had to pay an increased fee in 2017, based on the Article 55 clause included in the SRU Law. The total fee that these ‘outlaw municipalities’ had to pay for not providing enough social housing represented a total of € 77 million in 2017, and helped finance the national rental social housing fund for housing. In this paper, I ask what impact the Article 55 fee clause designed to enforce SRU Law objectives has had on the rebalancing of social housing stocks for municipalities not complying with set quotas. To answer such a question, I conduct a Difference-in-Differences study that measures changes in social housing stocks before and after the passage of the law. The treatment group comprises municipalities not complying with quota requirements and subject to the Article 55 fee, while the control group consists of municipalities not complying with quota requirements, but exempt from the fee. Findings underscore how after the passage of the Article 55 fee, municipalities that were subject to the fee have built less social housing than municipalities that are exempt, relative to before the enactment of the law. They corroborate my conceptual framework, which states that beyond the adoption of a national fee for noncompliant municipalities, social housing production trends are impacted by the types of land use ideologies in place in municipalities, be they pro-social housing or exclusionary Twenty years later, these findings bring a new perspective to current debates taking place in policy circles around the effectiveness of one of France’s most important social housing policy programs.

Vivienda social en Ecuador: violencias y contestaciones en la producción progresista de periferias urbanas

Social housing production was one of the emblems of the Ecuadorian policy of the “Citizen Revolution” chaired by Rafael Correa for 10 years. From the case of Ecuador, it is analyzed how progressive governments applied policies in the field of social housing and urban development. This article tracks the scales of application these social policies had regarding neoliberalism, from the point of view of the violence and contestations that the process provoked. In Quito, families organized to obtain the promised homes after years of waiting. In Guayaquil, police violence displaced entire neighborhoods to achieve urban renewal through an ecological plan. In Portoviejo, from the earthquake of 2016, the center was converted, and the houses were moved to the periphery. From an historic, spatial, and qualitative methodology, this analysis shows the limitations of the proposals of the progressive governments and the popular organization to avoid displacement towards the peripheries

Satisfaction evaluation: public space adjacent to low-income housing

In the Mexican context of industrialized social housing production, the objective is to evaluate the level of satisfaction during the process of appropriation and use of the adjoining public space from social housing. It delimits two different analyses between public space and social housing in two dimensions: urban-architectonic and socioeconomic within a qualitative and quantitative methodology. The cases of study are social housing in a condominium (Geovillas del Real) and social housing in an entire district (Los Mangos 1 &amp; 2), in the Metropolitan Area of Poza Rica and Coatzintla, Veracruz, Mexico. We have demonstrated that the purpose and the urban design in this framework have negative consequences. As a result, the physical, the material, and the socio-economic conditions are determining factors of habitability.

Vivir en “territorios deseados”: análisis de las estrategias de producción de vivienda social en zonas de alta plusvalía

La vivienda social en Chile se ha vuelto un espacio de creciente interés en el contexto de profundización del capitalismo neoliberal y financiero, aun cuando históricamente se ha visto sometida a las lógicas del mercado inmobiliario. Una expresión de ello es la producción de viviendas sociales localizadas en “territorios deseados”. Se trata de zonas de alta plusvalía y de altos estándares urbanos que han sido históricamente restringidas para los hogares pobres. A partir del análisis de dos conjuntos de vivienda social en Santiago de Chile construidos en “territorios deseados”, se identifica cómo han surgido experiencias que podrían potencialmente posicionar a la vivienda social dentro de un circuito financiero. Los hallazgos presentan la creciente municipalización de la política de vivienda, la importancia que ha adquirido la producción de vivienda social en los “territorios deseados”, y el incipiente surgimiento de nuevos actores, procesos, negociaciones y dispositivos en las políticas habitacionales para expandir la participación del mercado inmobiliario.

One of the social housing production areas of İstanbul: Tuzla

Konut sorunu, kırsal alanlardan şehirlere olan göçün yarattığı en temel sorunlardan biri olmuştur. Dünya genelinde şehirleşmenin yaygınlaşmasıyla daha büyük boyutlara varan bu sorunun çözümü için devletler çeşitli yöntemler geliştirmişlerdir. Geliştirilen yöntemlerden birisi de yoksul ve dar gelirli kesimleri konut sahibi yapmayı amaçlayan sosyal konut uygulamalarıdır. İlk olarak 19. yüzyılın sonlarında Avrupa’da başlayan bu uygulamalar, sonraki yıllarda diğer gelişmiş ülkelerde, 20. yüzyılın son çeyreğinden itibaren ise gelişmekte olan ülkelerde görülmeye başlanmıştır. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler kategorisinde yer alan Türkiye’deki ilk sosyal konut uygulamaları 1960’lı yıllarda başlamıştır. 1984 yılında ise Toplu Konut İdaresi’nin (TOKİ) kurulması ve 2000’li yıllarda kurumun yetkilerinin genişletilmesiyle sosyal konut çalışmaları günümüze kadar sürdürülmüştür. Türkiye’deki sosyal konut üretimine TOKİ dışında KİPTAŞ (İstanbul) ve PORTAŞ (Ankara) gibi bazı belediye kuruluşları da katkı sağlamışlardır. Çalışmada 5000’den fazla sosyal konuta sahip Tuzla İlçesindeki sosyal konut uygulamaları incelenmiştir. Bu uygulamaların Tuzla’da gerçekleştirilme nedenleri ve bu uygulamalar sonrasında mekânsal görünümde ortaya çıkan değişiklikler ele alınmıştır. Çalışmadaki temel veri kaynaklarını kamu kuruluşlarının hazırladığı rapor ve istatistikler yanında arazi çalışmaları, basılı ve görsel kaynaklar ve sosyal konut kullanıcılarıyla yapılan anketler oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca haritanın hazırlanmasında ArcGIS 10.7 programı kullanılmıştır.

Clean Technology Transfer and Innovation in Social Housing Production in Brazil and Colombia. A Framework from a Systematic Review

Over recent years in Brazil and Colombia, the social housing programs of these two countries have increasingly become directly related to the concept of green construction and seek to integrate with their respective laws. For example, a series of technological strategies allows bought countries to guarantee a reduction of the environmental impact of traditional construction technologies. Therefore, these actions try to answer the problems in the design of dwellings in Latin America. However, the construction sector reduced productivity and limited innovation in business. Some of the technological management processes in the social housing construction sector only consider the implementation of clean technologies tangentially. This situation is mainly because of general policies since they do not consider different local contexts. It is then worth asking: What impact do the processes of transfer of clean technologies have on social housing in Brazil and Colombia? This systematic review was carried out on scientific papers indexed by the science database from 2013 to 2019. The PRISMA method was applied to this review with an aim to propose a conceptual model for the transfer of clean technology in the production of social housing in Brazil and Colombia. Finally, we identify that the impact of clean technologies transfer on social housing is very low in these two countries.

EXPERIENCIAS DE VIVIENDA Y COMUNIDADES DIGNAS, SUSTENTABLES Y RESILIENTES

The book is an interinstitutional effort through a co-edition between the University of Guadalajara and the Autonomous University of Chiapas, in the context of the editorial project of the National Housing and Sustainable Communities Laboratory, it must be added that it is an editorial work of focus collaborative, and represents a recovery of the visions and works that have been developed around the home nationwide, having collaborations that expose the research results and a series of theoretical reflections in which the multiple and inclusive vision of the concepts of resilience, sustainability in a context of housing as a human right, without forgetting its relationship with the city and its inhabitants. Initially, the chapter entitled “The challenge of sustainability in the face of urban expansion and social housing production” addresses one of the most complex issues in urban management and planning in Mexican cities, which is related to the relationship between the interpretation and application of the concept of sustainability in an environment of urban expansion in Mexican cities, which has generated problems of inequality, segregation, lack of accessibility to services and informality as an alternative to solve habitat problems.

New neoliberal public housing policies: between centrality discourse and peripheralization practices in Santiago, Chile

Periodico : Journal Housing Studies Link para o artigo: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02673037.2018.1458287 Abstract The lack of geographical equality in the development of neoliberal social housing models is evidence of differing ideological discourses and socio-spatial practices in the production of social housing. Based on a critical analysis of the Housing Policy for Quality Improvement and Social Integration promoted in Chile in 2006—the basis for a set of subsequent polic...

Fatores determinantes da produção habitacional de interesse social em áreas centrais metropolitanas em tempos de financeirização

Resumo Este artigo discute, a partir de entrevistas realizadas junto a uma série de especialistas, quais os principais fatores que viabilizam/inviabilizam a produção de habitação de interesse social nas áreas centrais dos grandes centros urbanos. A influência do processo de transformação da propriedade imobiliária em ativo financeiro global e a análise da produção habitacional realizada pelo Estado em metrópoles brasileiras são referências para uma reflexão ampliada sobre o tema. A cidade de São Paulo é objeto principal das discussões, pesquisas e dados apresentados neste trabalho. Ao final do artigo é apresentada uma série de apontamentos no intuito de contribuir para o amadurecimento do debate sobre o desenvolvimento de políticas habitacionais para as áreas centrais das metrópoles brasileiras.

An unprecedented alignment: state, finance, construction and housing production in Brazil since the 2000s

This paper analyses the unprecedented alignment between State, finance and construction in Brazil during the 2000s that enabled large contractors and developers to produce increasing volumes of housing for middle and low-income families. It empirically describes a capitalist structure of housing production focused on the ‘economic segment’. This commonly-used real estate market term refers to housing units with prices of up to USD 100,000. In analytic terms, this segment blurred the boundaries between the production of social housing (promoted by the State) and the housing market. From 2009, this production model was incorporated into the programme known as Minha Casa, Minha Vida (My House, My Life), which has since – following the example of other Latin American countries – dictated the direction of Brazilian housing policy towards large-scale production. The empirical data used in this research were collected through three strategies: (i) documentary research; (ii) analysis of primary and secondary databases; and (iii) field research in construction companies. The results indicate that sophisticated real estate-financial mechanisms were tied to the housing production, while continuing an industrial production base with archaic elements and a dependence on public subsidies and housing policy.

Cinco consideraciones en la composición arquitectónica de la vivienda social vertical en Aguascalientes por del estilo de vida actual

La vivienda social debe de responder a las necesidades de la población de manera integral, considerando aspectos sociales, económicos, culturales y simbólicos, debido a que en ésta, se desarrollan diferentes actividades que ayudan a la estructuración social y simbólica de los individuos en sociedad. En el desarrollo de la edificación de vivienda social en vertical, los diseños deben de estar dirigidos hacia un adecuado habitar, fomentando las condiciones necesarias para ser una plataforma adecuada para el desarrollo comunitario. Por el contrario, en gran parte del territorio mexicano, en la actualidad, la producción de vivienda social tiene una respuesta más orientada a atender aspectos económicos del mercado de la producción de la edificación, que a las necesidades económicas y sociales de la población en condiciones de pobreza y vulnerabilidad en México. Hay una necesidad imperante en reflexionar acerca de la forma del uso de las viviendas sociales en vertical, así que, dentro del presente artículo, se muestran ciertas consideraciones (cinco aspectos) acerca del perfil de los beneficiarios de la vivienda social en vertical, que generan tensiones en la forma y estilo de habitar las viviendas. Para cubrir los fines de la investigación, se analizó un caso en la ciudad de Aguascalientes. La propuesta del presente escrito, tiene la intención de ser una herramienta reflexiva para tratar de encontrar posibilidades al momento de desarrollar complejos habitacionales dirigidos a la vivienda social en vertical.

Review: The New Tenement: Residences in the Inner City since 1970, by Florian Urban

Florian Urban The New Tenement: Residences in the Inner City since 1970 Abingdon, England: Routledge, 2018, 310 pp., 329 color illus. $59.95 (paper), ISBN 9781138224469 During the mid-twentieth century, a strong tendency toward state intervention in the urban built environment prevailed across northwestern Europe. This was channeled chiefly through the two linked mechanisms of city planning and social housing production. During the first three decades following World War II, dubbed les Trente Glorieuses in France, a modernist consensus favoring the opening out of congested cities, and the separating out of their different functions, was established. The most ubiquitous of these functions was mass housing, which in those decades was generally built according to modernist principles and mass-produced along “Fordist” lines. Individual nation-states and large cities drove these programs forward. Thus, far from being crushingly homogeneous, as later claimed by critics, postwar mass housing was bewilderingly diverse, both in its organization and in its built form. In Britain, for example, urban planning often took a radical, surgical approach, and mass housing was overwhelmingly built by municipalities; in Denmark, meanwhile, there was virtually no slum-clearance demolition, and social housing was decentralized by housing associations and cooperatives and built mainly on cities’ outskirts. Beginning in the late 1960s and 1970s, any general consensus regarding social housing began to dissolve, as citizens and professionals became increasingly discontented with what they viewed as mass housing's paternalism and disrespect of the once-despised nineteenth-century urban fabric, …

Crítica ideológica sobre producción de vivienda para sectores subalternos en Argentina: campo y ciudad en contrapunto

From an exercise of ideological criticism, the article compares the production of social housing for subaltern sectors in two provinces of Argentina in the period 2003-2015. The experiences of young people concerning the new spaces of habitability in hegemonic contexts of expansion of the forms of consumption are analyzed. The objective of this paper seeks to deconstruct the ideological production of access to social habitat within a process of large scale expansion of capitalist agriculture and an inclusive rhetoric for subaltern sectors. Ideological criticism constitutes a commitment to scientific writing that makes it possible to unite senses about what appears geographically as fragmented in the social experiences of the countryside and the city. Methodologically, the article uses data from fieldwork obtained in the compared cultural spaces.

A produção da habitação social numa cidade amazônica

Neste artigo, discute-se a habitação produzida a partir de políticas públicas nas cidades da Amazônia e como essas impactam a vida dos moradores. Mostra-se que a geografia das cidades recebedoras desses projetos torna-se mais complexa à medida que os interesses dos vários agentes produtores do espaço buscam, a partir das condições objetivas, garantir a reprodução ampliada das relações capitalistas nos lugares mais distantes da Amazônia, especialmente nas cidades ribeirinhas. O artigo é resultado de pesquisas desenvolvidas durante os anos de 2016 e 2017 e identifica as diferenças e semelhanças da produção de habitação social na cidade de Parintins, no Amazonas, com os primeiros conjuntos financiados pelo BNH e os mais recentes pela CEF, por meio do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida. Conclui-se que a produção de habitação social resulta em mudanças no espaço, tais como a expansão da cidade, a inserção dos conjuntos na estrutura urbana, o número de empreendimentos e equipamentos urbanos construídos. Aparecem, nesses resultados, de modo implícito, questões que não podem ser quantificadas, pois vão além das formas arquitetônicas e estão relacionadas às dimensões do vivido.

QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL E URBANA NA HABITAÇÃO SOCIAL EM PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE -SP:O CASO DO CONJUNTO HABITACIONAL ANA JACINTA

The right to suitable housing has become recognized and accepted by the international community since its inclusion in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, whosetext, in its article 25, alleges that everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living for the family’s health and welfare, including food, clothing, medical care and the necessary social services. In Brazil, low constructive and architectural quality mark the production of social housing, culminating on the reduction of the beneficiary’s quality of life and environmental problems. Therefore, the present work aims to submit surveys and analysis of Ana Jacinta housing complex in the city of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, in order to evaluate the environmental and urban quality of the units delivered to beneficiaries in the early 1990s. The methodology isbased in bibliographic and documentary surveys.