Social Functioning In Patients Research Articles

Research Progress on the Basic Pharmacodynamic Substance and Mechanism of <i>Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus</i> in Relieving Anxiety

Anxiety disorder resulting from the interaction of psychological factors-caused anxiety and mood disorder symptoms is one of the clinical mental diseases. Excessive worry, nervousness and fear often bring about several negative outcomes, and seriously impact the physical, mental, and social functioning of patients. What’s worse, with poor treatment, anxiety disorder may develop into mental illnesses such as depression and schizophrenia. The treatment of anxiety has mainly recourse to drug therapy and psychotherapy; however, Western drug therapy represented by 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor often causes evident adverse effects, including nausea and constipation, as well as poor long-term medication compliance of patients. Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus can sooth the liver and regulate qi, which can be applied to alleviate anxiety disorder as an ancillary drug. Modern pharmacological research revealed that bergamot volatile oil, also known as bergamot essential oil (BEO), is the main active chemical component of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus for anti-anxiety. BEO has been confirmed to exert an anti-anxiety effect through modulating neuronendocrine-immune network, including immunoregulation, suppression of hyperactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, enhancement of function of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, modulation of neurotransmitter, and promotion of neurotrophic effect. The study discusses the current research status regarding the application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus for anti-anxiety in recent years, and deeply probes into the mechanism of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus playing an anti-anxiety role via neuronendocrine-immune network, in an effort to provide references to clinical treatment of anxiety disorder and new ideas for developing drugs targeting anxiety disorders.

Meta-Analysis of Brain Volumetric Abnormalities in Patients with Remitted Major Depressive Disorder

Although patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) achieve remission after antidepressant treatment, >90% of those in remission have at least one residual depressive symptom, which may be due to neural damage linked with MDD. To better understand the structural impairments in patients with remitted MDD, we conducted a meta-analysis comparing grey matter volume (GMV) abnormalities between patients with remitted MDD and healthy controls (HCs). There were 11 cross-sectional datasets that investigated 275 patients with remitted MDD versus 437 HCs, and 7 longitudinal datasets that investigated 167 patients with remitted MDD. We found that GMV in the left insula, inferior parietal gyri, amygdala, and right superior parietal gyrus was decreased in patients with remitted MDD than in HCs. Additionally, patients with remitted MDD had lower GMV in the bilateral gyrus rectus than those in the nonremission state. Moreover, increased GMV in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, right striatum, middle temporal gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus was observed in patients with remitted MDD than in HCs. Furthermore, patients with remitted MDD had a larger GMV in the bilateral median cingulate/paracingulate gyri, left striatum, putamen, amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus at follow-up than at baseline. Based on the brain morphological abnormalities in patients with remitted MDD after electroconvulsive therapy and pharmacological treatment, we proposed a schematic diagram of targeted intervention approaches for residual symptoms. In summary, our findings provide neurobiology-based evidence for multitarget treatment of depression to reduce residual symptoms and improve social function in patients with MDD.

The Effects of Metacognition on Social Functioning in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of metacognitive beliefs and thought-control strategies on social functioning and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The cross-sectional study sample consisted of 62 patients diagnosed with OCD and 58 healthy controls. OCD was determined by detailed mental examination and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was applied. All the participants completed the Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ), Social Functioning Scale (SFS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of age, gender, education, or marital status between the patients and the healthy control group ( P > 0.05). The MCQ-30 total and subgroups scores except positive belief, BDI, and BAI of patients with OCD were statistically higher than healthy controls. SFS total and the subgroup scores of patients with OCD were statistically lower than healthy controls. The results revealed that metacognition was associated with obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and social functioning; social functioning was affected by all of the symptoms but mainly by depression. Handling metacognition and depressive symptoms may be useful for increasing social functioning of patients with OCD. More studies in the future should consider the results. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2024;54(4):e125–e134.]

Self-Stigma in Patients with Endogenous Mental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

BACKGROUND: Self-stigma remains one of the most vexing issues in psychiatry. It complicates the treatment and social functioning of patients with endogenous psychiatric disorders. Identifying the specific features of self-stigma depending on the type and duration of the endogenous mental illness can help solve this problem. AIM: The aim of this study was to establish the level and specific features of self-stigma in patients with various types of chronic endogenous psychiatric disorders at different disease stages and to establish the correlation between the level of self-stigma and the attitude of the patient to his/her disease and treatment. METHODS: Clinical psychopathology assessment, psychometric scales and questionnaires: “Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale” (PANSS), “Questionnaire for Self-Stigma Assessment in Mentally Ill Patients”, and Russian versions of the “Insight Scale for Psychosis” (ISP), and “Drug Attitude Inventory” (DAI-10). The cross-sectional study included 86 patients with endogenous mental illnesses (bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. RESULTS: The analysis of the results of the “Questionnaire for Self-Stigma Assessment in Mentally Ill Patients” showed that at the initial disease stages the highest level of self-stigma is observed in patients with bipolar affective disorder (M±σ=1.22±0.73; Me [Q1; Q3]=1.10 [0.83; 1.60]), while the lowest level was observed in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (M±σ=0.86±0.53; Me [Q1; Q3]=0.77 [0.31; 1.25]). Patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and a disease duration more than five years participating in a long-term comprehensive psychosocial rehabilitation program also demonstrated high rates of self-stigma (M±σ=1.20±0.57, Me [Q1; Q3]=1.26 [0.89; 1.47]). The study groups showed differences in terms of the structure of components of self-stigma and their severity; significant correlations were uncovered between the self-stigma parameters and the attitude of patients to their disease and therapy. CONCLUSION: The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the specific features of self-stigma in patients with various endogenous disorders at different stages of the disease. These data can be used as part of a comprehensive psychosocial treatment program for this patient cohort, as well as for future research.

Improvement of social functioning in patients with first-episode schizophrenia using blonanserin treatment: a prospective, multi-centre, single-arm clinical trial.

This clinical trial primarily aimed to investigate the effects of blonanserin on social functioning in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. In this prospective, multi-centre, single-arm clinical trial study, blonanserin (flexible oral dose ranging from 8mg to 24mg per day) was given 26 weeks. Outcome measures included the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale for evaluating social functioning, the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) for measuring neurocognitive performance, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for assessing symptom severity. The primary endpoint was social function improvement evaluated by PSP scale at the end of blonanserin treatment. And the secondary endpoint was to validate the efficacy and neurocognitive effects of blonanserin. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were also recorded and analysed. A total of 96 patients with first-episode schizophrenia were recruited and proceeded to analysis. Fifty-one participants (53.1%) completed the PSP scale measurements at baseline and week 26. Following 26 weeks of blonanserin treatment, all outcome measurements demonstrated significant improvement during the follow-up period. Notably, PSP scores exhibited a continuous increase up to 68.1% ± 103.7% at the end of the treatment (46.6 ± 14.6 at baseline, 69.4 ± 17.4 at week 26, p<0.001), indicating positive effects on social functioning that were already noticeable by week 8. Blonanserin treatment exhibited favourable effects on social functioning in individuals with first-episode schizophrenia. The results suggest that blonanserin was effective treatment options for patients with schizophrenia encountering functional impairments.

Effectiveness of Nursing Intervention Program Based on Emotional Awareness and Emotion Regulation on the Social Functioning of Patients with schizophrenia

Effectiveness of Nursing Intervention Program Based on Emotional Awareness and Emotion Regulation on the Social Functioning of Patients with schizophrenia

The relationship between substance use and self-reported aspects of social functioning in patients with a psychotic disorder.

In patients with a psychotic disorder, rates of substance use (tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol) are higher compared to the general population. However, little is known about associations between substance use and self-reported aspects of social functioning in patients with a psychotic disorder. In this cross-sectional study of 281 community-dwelling patients with a psychotic disorder, linear regression models were used to assess associations between substance use (tobacco, cannabis, or alcohol) and self-reported aspects of social functioning (perceived social support, stigmatization, social participation, or loneliness) adjusting for confounders (age, gender, and severity of psychopathology). Compared to nonsmokers, both intermediate and heavy smokers reported lower scores on loneliness (E=-0.580, SE=0.258, p=0.025 and E=-0.547, SE=0,272, p=0.046, respectively). Daily cannabis users reported less social participation deficits than non-cannabis users (E=-0.348, SE=0.145, p=0.017). Problematic alcohol use was associated with more perceived social support compared to non-alcohol use (E=3.152, SE=1.102, p=0.005). Polysubstance users reported less loneliness compared to no users (E=-0.569, SE=0.287, p=0.049). Substance use in patients with psychosis is associated with more favorable scores on various self-reported aspects of social functioning.

The Effects of Art Therapy and Psychosocial Skills Training on Symptoms and Social Functioning in Patients with Schizophrenia and Their Relatives.

The effects of antipsychotics on negative symptoms are limited. The most appropriate approach in the treatment of schizophrenia is the integration of drug therapy with psychological and social interventions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of art therapy and psychosocial skills training (PSST) in the treatment of schizophrenia. A total of 15 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the criteria in DSM-5 and 12 patient relatives were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, 7 were included in the art therapy program and 8 were included in the PSST program for schizophrenia. 90-minute sessions of art therapy and PSST were carried out once a week for 17 weeks. Participants with schizophrenia were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Social Functioning Scale (SFS) and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and the relatives were given Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Zarit Burden Interview. There was a significant decrease in the PANSS negative symptoms, PANSS general psychopathology, SFS pro-social activities and SFS recreation scores in both groups, while the SFS social withdrawal scores decreased significantly only in the art therapy group. In the PANSS negative symptoms subscale, passive social withdrawal, difficulty in abstract thinking, lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation and stereotyped thinking scores were significantly lower in the art therapy group. In the PSST group only the score for difficulty in abstract thinking declined significantly. The findings of the present study suggest that art therapy and PSST have positive effects on the improvement of negative symptoms as well as improvements in social and cognitive functionality in schizophrenia.

Current targets and treatments of schizophrenia

With the improvement of the level of social and economic development, mental illness has received more and more attention and attention. Among them, schizophrenia, as a common mental illness, seriously impairs the mental activity and social function of patients, and its lifetime prevalence rate is about 1%, bringing a heavy social burden. Schizophrenia is a disease that involves a variety of symptoms, including cognitive, behavioral, and emotional, and its symptoms vary greatly from patient to patient, even at different stages of the disease in the same patient. At present, the specific pathogenesis of schizophrenia is still unclear, and it is generally believed that it is caused by structural and functional abnormalities of the central nervous system, which is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder disease, It can cause a person to be out of control in a number of ways and is a common and popular mental illness in the world, and recently, with advances and pioneering in the field of medicine, more and more neuroscientists and medical doctors are beginning to development into this field. This review systematically introduces several pathways related to schizophrenia disorders, anti-psychotic medications, and the GABA and schizophrenia. This review also introduces three generations Antipsychotics and further discusses role of GABA in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

Gradual reduction of antipsychotic dosing increased relapse with no benefit in social functioning

A study assessing the potential risks and benefits of antipsychotic dose reduction compared with antipsychotic maintenance has found that dose reduction had no effect on the primary outcome of change in social functioning in patients with recurrent psychosis. However, dose reduction was associated with a greater likelihood of psychotic relapse.

Psychophysical and Social Functioning of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease and Depression.

The relationship between depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not fully understood. The comorbidity rate ranges from 18 to 84%, and depression is closely related to chronic inflammation, which affects how patients and the people around them perceive their condition. This study aims to examine the relationship between the psychophysical and social functioning of COPD patients who have been diagnosed with depression and the therapeutic benefits of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This prospective study enrolled primary care patients diagnosed with COPD and depression. The entire period of this research was 3 years. The research was conducted at the Primary Health Center, Kragujevac, Serbia, in 87 patients for 8 weeks. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and Questionnaire for Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) were used for psychiatric assessment. A positive correlation was found between the psychophysical and social functioning of the participants after 8 weeks of treatment with SSRIs. Based on the value of the phi correlation coefficient (phi = 0.5) obtained using the χ2 test, a large influence was observed in terms of life satisfaction and physical health (p < 0.05). In terms of physical functioning by gender, based on the value of the Pearson's coefficient (r) obtained with the χ2 test, it was shown that physical functioning was superior in the female respondents (p < 0.05). Treatment was found to improve depression in COPD after 8 weeks of therapy.

Patient-reported outcomes of locally advanced gastric cancer undergoing robotic versus laparoscopic gastrectomy: a randomized controlled study

Objective: To compare the patient-reported outcomes and short-term clinical outcomes between robotic-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer. Methods: This single-center prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from October 2020 to August 2022. Patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who were to undergo radical gastrectomy were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to 1∶1, and received robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery, respectively. Patient-reported outcomes and short-term clinical outcomes (including postoperative complications, surgical quality and postoperative short-term recovery) were compared between the two groups by t test, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated ANOVA, generalized estimating equation, χ2 test and Fisher's exact test. Results: A total of 237 patients were enrolled for modified intention-to-treat analysis (120 patients in the robotic group, 117 patients in the laparoscopic group). There were 180 males and 59 females, aged (63.0±10.2) years (range: 30 to 85 years). The incidence of postoperative complications was similar between the robotic group and laparoscopic group (16.7% (20/120) vs. 15.4% (18/117), χ2=0.072, P=0.788). The robotic group had higher patient-reported outcomes scores in general health status, emotional, and social domains compared to the laparoscopic group, differences in time effect, intervention effect, and interaction effect were statistically significant (general health status: χ2 value were 275.68, 3.91, 6.38, P value were <0.01, 0.048, 0.041; emotional: χ2 value were 77.79, 6.04, 6.15, P value were <0.01, 0.014, 0.046; social: χ2 value were 148.00, 7.57, 5.98, P value were <0.01, 0.006, 0.048). However, the financial burden of the robotic group was higher, the differences in time effect, intervention effect and interaction effect were statistically significant (χ2 value were 156.24, 4.08, 36.56, P value were<0.01, 0.043,<0.01). Conclusion: Compared to the laparoscopic group, the robotic group could more effectively relieve postoperative negative emotions and improve recovery of social function in patients.

Direct and indirect effects of error monitoring on social functioning in a cohort with high-risk and first-episode psychosis

Error monitoring plays a key role in people's adjustment to social life. This study aimed to examine the direct (DE) and indirect effects (IDE) of error monitoring, as indicated by error-related negativity (ERN), on social functioning in a clinical cohort from high-risk (APS) to first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study recruited 100 outpatients and 49 healthy controls (HC). ERN was recorded during a modified flanker task; social functioning was evaluated using the social scale of global functioning. The path analysis was executed using the “lavaan” package. When controlling for age and education, the clinical cohort had a smaller ERN than the HC group (F1, 145 = 19.58, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.12, 95%CI: 0.04–0.22). ERN demonstrated no substantial direct impact on current social functioning; however, it manifested indirect influences on social functioning via the disorganization factor of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, both with (standardized IDE: −0.139, p = 0.009) and without (standardized IDE: −0.087, p = 0.018) accounting for the diagnosis, defined as a dummy variable (FEP = 1 and APS = 0) and included as a covariate. These findings suggest that error monitoring, as indicated by ERN, may serve as a potential prognostic indicator of social functioning in patients with psychosis.

Impact of tardive dyskinesia on patients and caregivers: a survey of caregivers in the United States

BackgroundTardive dyskinesia (TD) has a multidimensional impact on patients with TD and, as importantly, their caregivers. An online survey was developed and administered to assess patient and caregiver burden of TD. Survey participants were unpaid caregivers for patients with diagnoses of TD and schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and/or major depressive disorder. Overall, 162 caregivers rated the 7-day impact of TD on the physical, psychological, and social functioning of patients and the impact of TD on these domains in their own lives and in their professional lives.ResultsAcross physical, psychological, and social domains, most caregivers (82.7%) reported that TD had severe impact on the cared-for patients, and 23.5% reported severe impact of TD in their own lives. Caregivers experienced 46.4% activity impairment, and caregivers who were employed (n = 136) experienced 49.5% overall work impairment because of TD-related caregiving.ConclusionsThese results suggest that TD imposes substantial burden for both caregivers and patients.

Trajectories of social function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: Analysis of data from a 10-year follow-up study

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia may have diverse functional outcomes. However, the long-term functional trajectories of patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) are unclear. MethodsWe extracted data from the Chinese First-Episode Schizophrenia Trial, a 10-year prospective study of antipsychotic-naïve patients with FES. We applied K means cluster modelling to longitudinal data on the social function of patients with FES and examined associations of the empirically derived trajectories with baseline clinical characteristics of the 10-year follow-up. OutcomesThree distinct functional trajectories emerged: improving-favorable (39·3%), improving-poor (17·8%) and improving-stable (42·9%). All three trajectories demonstrated Personal and Social Performance (PSP) score improvement in the first six months. The improving-poor trajectory demonstrated PSP score decline during the second six months and thereafter, while PSP scores in the other two trajectories were mainly stable during the same period. Patients in the improving-favorable trajectory had higher baseline PSP scores than those in the improving-poor trajectory (OR=0·904 [0·852, 0·961], p < 0·05) and the improving-stable trajectory (OR=0·870 [0·825, 0·918], p < 0·001) and were more likely to be female than those in the improving-stable trajectory (OR=2·699 [1·030, 7·074], p < 0·05). ConclusionsPatients with FES demonstrated varied long-term functional recovery profiles. The first year, especially the second half of the first year, is a key period for social function interventions that improve long-term functional outcomes. Male patients and patients with poor baseline function may particularly benefit from such interventions.

The subjective assessment of work and social adjustment impairments and associated psychopathologies in Japanese adult female patients with anorexia nervosa.

Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) sometimes undergo a chronic course, and they hardly maintain social participation. Work and social adjustment impairments are generally significantly associated with the clinical symptoms of eating disorders. Psychopathologies associated with the subjective social difficulties of patients with AN have been unclear. This study examined the association between AN psychopathologies and work and social adjustment impairments in adult female patients with AN. This study included 36 Japanese adult female patients with AN who completed the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) and the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to assess correlations between WSAS and EDI-2 or demographic variables. The mean age was 31.8 years, the mean current body mass index was 13.4 kg/m2, and the median illness duration was 5 years. Patients demonstrated social difficulties, especially in social leisure activities. The total WSAS scores were significantly correlated with EDI-2 "impulse regulation" and "asceticism." WSAS "social leisure" was significantly correlated with EDI-2 "bulimia," "interoceptive awareness," "impulse regulation," and "asceticism." Psychopathologies, such as impulse regulation, asceticism, and interoceptive awareness, may be related factors to social difficulties. Emotion regulation, such as impulse regulation and emotional awareness, could be an important realm of treatment not only for psychopathology but also for social functioning in patients with AN.

Post-COVID-19 and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Literature Review.

The emergence of post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), a complex and multifactorial condition that follows the acute COVID-19 infection, has raised serious concerns within the global medical community. Concurrently, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), a widespread chronic gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, is considered to be one of the most common disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) that significantly affects the quality of life and social functioning of patients. PCS presents a wide range of symptoms and GI manifestations, including IBS. This review aims to analyze the GI involvement and the prolonged symptoms of COVID-19 infection as part of PCS, in order to explore the potential development of post-infection IBS (PI-IBS) in COVID-19 patients. Irritating factors such as enteric infection, psychosocial conditions, food antigens, and antibiotics may lead to abnormalities in the physiological function of the GI system and could be involved in the development of PI-IBS. Through the presentation of the pathophysiological mechanisms and epidemiological studies that assessed the prevalence of IBS as part of PCS, we attempted to provide a better understanding of the long-term consequences of COVID-19 and the pathogenesis of PI-IBS. Even though PI-IBS is becoming a global challenge, there are only a few studies about it and therefore limited knowledge. Currently, the majority of the existing treatment options are referred to non-COVID-19-associated DGBIs. Forthcoming studies may shed light on the mechanisms of PI-IBS that could be targeted for treatment development.

Effect of 12-week shen-based qigong exercise on the residual symptoms of schizophrenia: Study protocol for a single-centre randomised controlled trial

IntroductionNegative symptoms and cognitive impairment are common residual symptoms of schizophrenia that seriously affect the quality of life and social function of patients. The intervention of residual symptoms is an important part of schizophrenia rehabilitation. Traditional Chinese exercise has been applied as a supplementary rehabilitation method for schizophrenia. However, research on its use and pertinence in the rehabilitation of residual symptoms remains lacking. In this study, we will verify the intervention effect of a new method, namely, shen-based qigong exercise, on the residual symptoms of schizophrenia, in the hopes of finding a safe and effective rehabilitation method for the residual symptoms of schizophrenia. MethodsThis is a single-centre randomised controlled trial. A total of 60 schizophrenics who meet the criteria will be randomly divided into the control and intervention groups in accordance with the ratio of 1:1. Conventional drug treatment will remain unchanged in both groups. In this case, the control group will be given daily rehabilitation, whereas the intervention group will be given daily rehabilitation and shen-based qigong exercise intervention. The intervention period will be 12 weeks. The primary outcome will be negative symptoms assessed by the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. The secondary outcome will be the global cognitive function assessed by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status and event-related potential P300. Other outcomes will include specific cognitive domain (i.e. working memory), quality of life and social function. The results will be measured within 1 week before and after the intervention. DiscussionThe results of this study will likely help find an economical and convenient rehabilitation method for the residual symptoms of schizophrenia and, at the same time, may promote the popularisation and application of traditional Chinese exercises and traditional Chinese medicine theories in the treatment of mental diseases. Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov registry number: NCT05310955.

The role of community services in the treatment of anxiety disorders: a study on residents under psychology

BackgroundAnxiety disorder is a common psychological disorder that seriously affects the quality of life and social function of patients. In addition to medication treatment, community service innovation provides more direct and convenient treatment pathways for patients by providing professional mental health support and resources within the community.Subjects and MethodsThe study focused on a population aged 18 to 70 within a community. Using EEG and Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) tests, 30 individuals were diagnosed with anxiety disorders. These participants were evenly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group received anti-anxiety medication treatment alone, while the control group received regular psychological counseling at the community service center in addition to medication. After six months of treatment, the two groups were statistically analyzed for treatment effectiveness using electroencephalogram examination and the SAS test. SPSS23.0 was used for data analysis.ResultsIn the experimental group, 5 patients recovered, 4 patients made significant progress, and 6 patients did not recover. In the control group, 9 people recovered, 6 people made significant progress, and 1 person did not recover. There was a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group, P&lt;0.05.ConclusionsThrough community mental health centers, patients can receive more direct and convenient treatment pathways and mental support, which is of great significance in the treatment of anxiety disorders.

The impact of childhood trauma exposure on social functioning in schizophrenia: the moderated mediation role of oxytocin and oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms.

Childhood trauma has been linked to increased risk of schizophrenia and social dysfunction, and oxytocin and its receptor gene have been implicated in regulating social behavior. This study investigated the potential role of oxytocin and oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) in mediating the effects of childhood trauma on social functioning in schizophrenia. The study consisted of 382 patients with schizophrenia and 178 healthy controls who were assessed using the Taiwanese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), the Social Functioning Scale (SFS), and plasma oxytocin levels. DNA was extracted to genotype the OXTR and ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs2254298, rs237885, rs237887, rs237899, rs53576, rs9840864, rs13316193, rs7632287, rs1042778, and rs237895) were selected. Patients with schizophrenia showed higher CTQ-SF scores (t = 12.549, p < 0.001), lower SFS scores (t = -46.951, p < 0.001), and lower plasma oxytocin levels (t = -5.448, p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. The study also found significant differences in OXTR SNPs between both groups, with risk alleles being more prevalent in patients with schizophrenia (t = 2.734, p = 0.006). Results indicated a significant moderated mediation effect, with oxytocin and the OXTR SNPs partially mediating the relationship between childhood trauma exposure and social functioning in patients with schizophrenia (index of mediation = 0.038, 95% CI [0.033-0.044]). The findings suggest that oxytocin and its receptor gene may be promising targets for interventions aimed at improving social functioning in patients with a history of childhood trauma and schizophrenia. However, further research is needed to fully understand these effects and the potential of oxytocin-based interventions in this population.