Social Facilities Research Articles

Pendampingan Pemasaran Tempat Kost Berbasis Media Digital Untuk Warga Di Kelurahan Bulustalan Kota Semarang

Semarang City is one of the provincial capitals which is very complete in terms of social, educational, economic, and other facilities. For this reason, many migrants live and settle temporarily in boarding houses. Bulustalan Village is a village located in the center of Semarang city and there are many office locations and higher education facilities around the area. For this reason, many employees and students are looking for a boarding house around the Bulustalan Village. In addition, in the Bulustalan Village area, especially in RT. 09/RW. 04, many have boarding houses, there are about 10 families out of 50 families who have boarding houses. During a pandemic like this, the boarding house business is experiencing the impact of a decrease in boarding house rents because many students live back in their hometowns. The boarding house business is one of the businesses for investment in the property sector. If not executed will cause losses because the boarding house will be damaged. In this digital era, product marketing can be done using digital media, namely through websites and social media. What's more, during a pandemic like this, someone tends to look for a boarding house using digital media. For this reason, marketing of boarding houses through digital media is one way that must be done to find the right potential users. The digital media used is the website media https://bapakkost.com/ which is the result of research from the head of service and marketing can be done with business Instagram social media. Training on the use of digital media for marketing boarding houses has been carried out and attended by more than 15 residents in RT09, Bulustalan sub-district. The digital media used is the website https://bapakkost.com/ and has also been provided in the form of a guidebook. This marketing can be done by the owner and not the owner of the boarding house by utilizing internet technology. The results of the questionnaire that had been given to the training participants stated that more than 75% of the participants agreed that the Bapakkost website could help market the boarding house. In addition, more than 65% of participants would recommend the Bapakkost website as a digital boarding house marketing tool. The output of this program is the result of the implementation of service activities in the form of news to national electronic media https://gossipnesia.com/ and youtube videos https://youtu.be/qgGbbu-4uPQ
 Keywords: digital media, training, marketing, website, boarding house, internet technology.

РЕНОВАЦИЯ ГОРОДСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ РЕШЕНИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ Г. БЕЛГОРОДА

. The formation of a high-quality and comfortable urban environment is largely associated with the rational use of the territories of municipalities. To achieve maximum effective use of territories, it is often necessary to carry out renovation within their boundaries. The article discusses the planning features of the city of Belgorod: the main planning areas, their specific features. Based on the analysis, the main problems of the planning structures of the city are identified, which include: the problem of irrational use of urban land; the problem of the presence of degrading and depressed territories; the problem of scarcity of territorial resources; the problem of development of transport and planning structures; the problem of the state of the housing stock; the problem of a small number of green areas and public and recreational spaces. Based on the analysis of the planning structures of the city of Belgorod, the author puts forward a number of urban areas that are especially in dire need of renovation. A proposal for the renovation of the Cheryomushki microdistrict has been developed, which is aimed at resolving the identified problems and creating a high-quality and comfortable urban environment, saturated with housing stock, social, public, commercial and other facilities. The development of a proposal for renovation is proposed in close connection with the formation of a digital twin of the territory - a layered digital urban twin of all components of the territory and a digital twin in the form of a three-dimensional model that includes various statistical databases.

The Differences in Factors that Influence Poverty in Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas

The study of poverty in Indonesia that specifically takes a review or category of suburban area has not been conducted widely. In fact, when referring to the dimensions that correlate with poverty, various problems related to access to economic resources, social facilities and services, public infrastructure, geographical constraints, and land tenure are actually more common in suburban areas than in the city center. The aims of this study are 1) to determine the spatial zoning in Kendal Regency based on the categories of urban, suburban, and rural areas. 2) identify the variables that affect suburban poverty in Kendal Regency. This study took place in Kendal Regency, which is one of the districts directly adjacent to Semarang City, the capital city of Central Java Province, Indonesia. The unit of analysis in this study is the village, totaling 286 villages. The technique used is K-Means Clustering and linear regression (OLS). The results of the analysis show that the distribution of poverty in Kendal Regency is clustered. In addition, suburban poverty has a different character than poverty in urban and rural areas.

MODERN CHALLENGES AND PRIORITIES OF THE SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN POLICY OF UKRAINE

The research emphasizes the problem of aggravation and the need to solve the problems of social and humanitarian development of Ukraine and its regions. The purpose of the research is to generalize the challenges, as well as justify the priorities of the social and humanitarian policy of Ukraine with the aim of post-war recovery and preservation of human capital. It is shown that the key challenges of the social and humanitarian sphere of Ukraine in war conditions relate to: critically large volumes of refugees abroad, mass internal movements of the country’s population, destabilization of internal regional labor markets, loss of income and the spread of population poverty, worsening and increasing the load on social welfare facilities infrastructure. The priority tasks of the state social and humanitarian policy in such conditions are defined: development of the educational infrastructure of communities and territories, improvement of the quality of educational services and activation of processes of strengthening social unity (in the educational component of patriotic education, integration of displaced persons and educational rehabilitation of combatants); restoring the sustainability of the health care system by deploying a network of hospital districts in accordance with the territorial specificity and needs of the population, creating coordination centers for tracking and distributing patients, improving the resource support of health care institutions in communities, using the potential of IDPs to overcome personnel “hunger” in the industry; solving the problems of housing provision for IDPs, increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the system of social support of the population, optimizing the territorial placement of objects of social support of the population in conditions of growing demand for social services; formation of banks and rational use of communal, social and service housing; alleviation of the threats of demographic disparities in the development of regions and territorial communities in accordance with the characteristics of their demographic development and post-war population resettlement in the regions of Ukraine.

Resiko Bunuh Diri pada Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan Dewasa dengan Masa Hukuman ≥ 5 Tahun di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIA Palangka Raya

Correctional Institutions (Lapas), namely institutions that foster convicts so that they are ready to return to being citizens who comply with the values ​​and legal norms of society. The large number of suicide risk cases is due to the government's lack of attention to the psychological conditions of prisoners or correctional inmates. The causes of suicide are depression, encouragement from the heart, social problems, bad experiences that trigger trauma, and heredity. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the risk of suicide as well as the inhibiting and supporting factors for suicide risk in adult prisoners with a sentence of ≥5 years in Palangka Raya Class IIA Penitentiary. This research is case research using qualitative research methods or research based on phenomena that occur intensively in an institution. There is a risk of suicide among prisoners in the Palangka Raya Class IIA Penitentiary, while the supporting factors are the lack of human resources in the field of mental health (psychologists) in the Palangka Raya Class IIA Penitentiary, lack of family trust support, feelings of not accepting the condition and sentence sentences that have been given, the environment of the Class IIA Penitentiary in Palangka Raya which exceeds capacity (overload). Inhibiting factors that affect the risk of suicide in prisoners of correctional services, namely, the existence of facilities for worship in accordance with the beliefs held by each prisoner, the availability of educational facilities, facilities for developing handicrafts, sports facilities such as volly ball, futsal, table tennis, social facilities consisting of from family visits, meeting rooms and family support such as regular visits, giving love, understanding and attention.

Visual Aid Systems from Smart City to Improve the Life of People with Low Vision

In the current time, the development of urban centers is a very complex process in terms of new residential or administrative building locations expansion, but also in terms of design and/or the combination of the constructions with the environment. In the same context, the various transport development, communication or social activities facilities require an important database and an infrastructure to ensure and satisfy the population needs at the highest level. Accordingly, interest has developed in the smart cities (SC) concept creation with connection possibilities over extended geographical areas. This paper addresses a problem related to the preparation and ensuring the development of Brasov city as a smart city, with the possibility of finding solutions for low-vision people’s mobility and opening even more access to the city’s infrastructure. The paper’s main objectives and contributions are represented by the current considerations provision for ensuring functionality as a smart city by identifying the involvement points of the administrative system and, respectively, by introducing technical solutions for the low-vision people inclusion, having their mobility as a central element. The research results reveal the capacity and flexibility of permanent adaptation actions of public administrative and educational/research institutions to different population categories (with or without disabilities, active or retired, etc.) requirements regarding inclusion and mobility.

Micro-hydropower systems for smallholder farmers in rural communities of Taraba state, Nigeria: Socioeconomic assessment of needs and perceptions (Part I)

The Nigerian government’s recent initiative, “Electrifying Agriculture,” supports the rapid deployment of off-grid electricity solutions to transform food systems. Agriculture is the primary source of income for Taraba State residents. In rural communities, success of potential climate-smart agriculture interventions requires participation and acceptance of the community. This research article evaluates the socioeconomic needs and perception of hydropower solutions for three rural communities in Taraba State, Nigeria. The findings reveal a higher proportion of males (72.22%) than females, with majority (53.17%) of them having no formal education. Social facilities and services like roads, education and health institutions, water, electricity and communication, and public recreation facilities are generally available but poorly maintained. The majority of inhabitants depend on nearby rivers and commercial boreholes as major sources of water for domestic purposes, with 65.87% of the residents throwing solid wastes into the bush. Also, the major (98.41%) source of energy or fuel for cooking is firewood. On the basis of priority, the three most relevant personal and community needs identified for interventions are the provision of low-cost off-grid electricity (95.83%); primary health care clinics (84.13%) and farming inputs (83.33%), among others. A majority (90.48%) of the respondents agreed that installation of low-cost, off-grid water wheel generators will serve as an alternative to solve Taraba state’s energy challenges, ensure energy security and improve the economy, while 93.65% of them are willing to sustain off-grid water wheel generator in their communities if they are installed. The results further indicate that provision of security and surveillance to prevent stealing and vandalism using community vigilante (57.81%) is a viable way of sustaining the investment, even as a majority (77.22%) of them agreed that corruption is a challenge that can affect the sustainability of off-grid water wheel generators in the communities if not addressed.

Comparative Study on Strategies for the Division of Earthquake-Proof Strengthening Segments to Reinforce the Reliability of Water Supply Systems

It is very important to secure the sustainability of physical and non-physical social infrastructure facilities in the event of a disaster. The water supply network is particularly vulnerable to seismic damage, and so physical earthquake resistance is very necessary to adapt to or withstand disaster situations. This study evaluated various strategic methods to improve the reliability of water distribution network systems in the event of an earthquake disaster with a focus on structural earthquake-proofing methods for pipelines. For this purpose, three major flow-, diameter- and connection-hierarchy-based earthquake proofing strategies are proposed. We quantified the extent to which earthquake reliability improved after the strengthening of the earthquake-proofing of the pipeline segments, which had been divided based on the proposed strategies. The proposed methodology of dividing the pipeline segments for earthquake-proof strengthening was applied to the water supply system of the Republic of Korea and analyzed thereafter. As a result, it was confirmed that the associated costs and the extent of the improvement in the reliability of earthquake proofing for each strategy and scenario need to be precisely analyzed. Thus, it is necessary to execute strategic earthquake proofing of pipelines with medium size diameters and which occupy most of the length of a mainline, in order to simultaneously satisfy the reliability and cost efficiency of the relevant water supply. However, additional earthquake proofing for segments of a higher level of flowrate is required because a marked drop in overall reliability is caused if they are damaged. In addition, because the effect of an increase in reliability in comparison with the costs incurred is insignificant in the case of some low demand and small-diameter pipeline segments, it is reasonable to exclude earthquake resistance strategies for these sections. The proposed study results—determining the level of importance of each resistance method—can be utilized to make a combined plan for optimal earthquake-proofing strategies.

INTEGRATED RESIDENTIAL AND COMMUNITY COMPLEXES OF MEDIUM FLOORS

Setting the problem - designing the construction objects of the centers of small towns and historical areas is problematic because their construction must accommodate residential and public functions at the same time. The complexity of their integration implies the search and use of special techniques. 
 Publications on integrated residential and community centers cover different stages of design, starting with the study of traditional medieval cities, ending with more recent examples of urban center formation, especially in areas with regulated building heights. 
 The article examines the peculiarities of the architectural and planning organization of housing depending on the component of social tasks of the territory, and options for solving the problems related to this. 
 The purpose of the article is to identify trends and define approaches to the formation of integrated residential and public complexes of average storeys.
 It was revealed that as a result of changes in the way of life of people, as a result of various types of disasters, a large percentage of qualified workers began to prefer working at home or within walking distance to housing. The need for housing that can provide freedom and flexibility in the life schedule began to appear. 
 The expediency of combining two environments with different purposes is substantiated and the factors of mutual influence are taken into account. The international and national experience was analyzed, differences in the architectural and planning organization of integrated medium-story housing were revealed. 
 It is proposed to consider housing as a complex that can satisfy various needs of a person and raise his standard of living, provide social services, security, leisure and health care facilities.
 It was found that the determined trend is becoming relevant at this time and for the coming years. Further research should clarify the methods of architectural and planning organization of such buildings.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Unemployment in Province of Bali, Indonesia

The COVID-19 outbreak that hit the world and Indonesia in 2020, marked by a decrease in foreign tourist arrivals to Bali in 2020, continued in 2021, cause increasing unemployment in Bali. The research aim are (1) to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on disturbances in the province of Bali; (2) Analyzing the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on unemployment by regencies/cities in Bali Province. Sources of data are secondary sources namely the Central Statistics Agency of Bali Province and the Population and Employment Service of the Province of Bali and Regencies throughout Bali. The data analysis methods were descriptive statistics, before and after/on the Covid-19 pandemic, and qualitative descriptive methods. The results showed that (1) the Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on increasing unemployment in Bali Province by 106,150 people (321.80%), from 32,990 people in pre-Covid-19 (September 2019-February 2020) to 139,140 people at the peak of Covid-19 (March 2020-February 2021); (2) The Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on increasing unemployment in nine districts/cities of Bali Province. However, of the nine districts/cities that were affected, three regencies/cities in Bali's tourism development centers, namely Badung, Gianyar and Denpasar. The novelty of the research is that the Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on increasing unemployment in Bali. The results of the study suggest that various social assistance and facilities have been provided by the government so that it is right for tge target recipients, the government needs to provide agricultural skills training and other facilities for workers who switch from tourism to agriculture.

ANALYSIS OF MODERN PRACTICE IN IMPLEMENTING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS

Attracting private investment to solve social and economic problems is an important task for any state. Implementation of infrastructure projects, coupled with social and economic programs, allows the state to pursue a compact, efficient and flexible policy. The mechanism of partnership relations between the state and private business that has developed in world practice in the implementation of socially significant investment projects represents a new stage in state regulation of the economy. The use of the investment mechanism in Russian conditions is possible, especially in those areas of activity where private investment is able to ensure sustainable economic growth, while maintaining the control functions of the state. Today, the economic situation of the subjects of the Russian Federation requires the use of new tools to assess their economic potential, socio-economic development and competitiveness. Such tools are important for an active federal policy aimed at leveling interregional inequality and ensuring the economic integrity of the country. The purpose of the work is to explore the world experience in the implementation of public-private partnership projects as a promising form of interaction between the state and business. The methods of scientific research are synthesis, statistical and comparative analysis, methods of systemic and graphical analysis. The subject of the study is a system of relations between the state and business, focused on the creation and operation of social and industrial infrastructure facilities. Based on the analysis, it was noted that public-private partnership is a more popular and attractive form of relationship between the state and business in modern conditions and abroad.

Comparison of polypharmacy and pharmacotherapy among seniors in social institutions in 2001 and 2019.

Polypharmacy (polypharmacotherapy) is a serious problem among seniors. The aim of the work was to compare pharmacotherapy and polypharmacy among seniors in social facilities in 2001 and 2019. As of December 31, 2001, we collected data on the pharmacotherapy of 151 residents of two retirement homes (average age 75.1 years, 68.9% women). We compared the results with the pharmacotherapy of residents of two facilities for seniors as of October 31, 2019 (237 seniors, average age 80.5 years, 73.4% women). According to the medical records, we determined and compared the regularly used medicines of all residents, the use of medicines by age and sex, the use of 0-4 medicines, 5-9 medicines, 5 or more medicines, 10 or more medicines and the groups of medicines according to the ATC classification. For statistical processing, we used the t-test and chi-square test. In 2001, residents regularly used a total of 891 medicines, 18 years later, they used a total of 2099 medicines. We observed a significant increase in the average number of regularly used medications per resident by more than a half (from 5.90 medications to 8.86 medications), in women from 6.11 drugs to 9.24 drugs and in men from 5.45 drugs to 7.81 drugs. The number of residents with polypharmacy (regular use of ≥ 5 drugs) increased by almost a quarter (from 70.2% to 87.3%), and the number of seniors with excessive polypharmacy (regular use of ≥ 10 drugs) increased 4.6 times (from 9, 3% to 43.5%). Our work confirmed that over the course of 18 years, the number of medications used by seniors in social-type institutions has increased. It also points to the trend of increasing polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy among seniors, especially at the age of 75+ and among women.

사회복지사가 인식하는 변혁적 리더십과 조직효과성의 관계에서 조직문화와 임파워먼트의 이중매개효과

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the double mediating effect of organizational culture and empowerment on the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational effectiveness perceived by social workers. A questionnaire survey was conducted from Aug. 1st to 30th, 2019 for 358 social workers working at social welfare centers located in Daegu City or Gyeongsangbuk-do. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The results were as follows: First, the transformational leadership perceived by social workers was shown to have a positive (+) effect on organizational effectiveness. Second, organizational culture and empowerment were shown to have a double mediating effect on the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational effectiveness perceived by social workers. These results suggested that the establishment of philosophy and vision reflecting transformational leadership that pursues organizational change and innovation, and the creation of a flexible culture that allows the development of the social workers’ abilities and competencies are included in the methods to enhance the organizational effectiveness of social welfare centers. In addition, action plans are presented to delegate decision-making authority to social workers through decentralization of the organization and to guarantee their autonomy. Further studies investigating the organizational effectiveness under the classification of social welfare facilities according to the service delivery method and the presence of residential service provision are needed.

Post-Pandemic Informal Employment of Handicrafts Firms in Kathmandu Valley

This study tries to examine the informal economic activities during the post-pandemic period on the basis of primary data analysis. The data were generated during the pre-pandemic period whereas the main attributes of economic activities have been compared to the post-pandemic periods. The labours of informal employment in handicrafts firms in the pre-pandemic period have completed just 6.19 classes of education—unorganized and untrained—termed as unskilled with low production efficiency. Their income was estimated with an average of Rs. 23417.84 per month just to survive workers for family level in the capital city of Kathmandu.The family’s monthly income was highly impacted (1640.965 at p < 1%) by the allocation of average per day working hours (12.66 hrs.) on a family basis. In the lockdown situation, informal workers were unemployed completely—reached poor conditions—returned to their homes all 54 percent of migrated and homeless workers in Kathmandu Valley. However, during the post-pandemic situation, all informal workers in the Valley shifted their occupation from handicrafts to other side wage earners shocked by the lockdown. Informal economic activities in this sector are still facing different challenges of social security, job guarantees, and social networking facilities provided by the government. Their estimated monthly income does not seem to be sufficient due to the present increasing inflationary rate of 8.5 percent. Thus, growing informal economic activities are the cause of the hard lockdown during the pandemic of COVID-19. Similarly, the Ukraine-Russia war and undecided government policies have made the situation further worse.

Implementation of the principle of decentralization of power in Ukraine

The article examines the history of decentralization of state power in practice in the countries of the European Union. The characteristics of local self-government as a key subject of decentralization of power are given, and the principle of subsidiarity is revealed. The problems of implementation of the decentralization of state power are outlined, in particular foreign and domestic experience. The article analyzes and systematizes the key risks and problems that arose during the implementation of local self-government reform and financial decentralization in Ukraine.
 The factors that caused the residents of local communities to resist the reform or passive attitude to the creation of united territorial communities were identified and investigated, in particular, economic (expectation of a decrease in the financial capabilities of communities as a result of unification), socio-cultural (the presence of ethnic, cultural and other differences between residents neighboring communities), psychological (distrust of the central and local authorities, fear of the reduction of social sphere facilities, etc.), geographical (deterioration of access to service centers), ecological (attempts of community residents to avoid moving harmful industries to their own territory).
 The geographical unevenness of the pace of the unification of territorial communities during decentralization has been revealed. The main reasons and forms of resistance of district councils and district state administrations to the decentralization reform have been clarified.
 Attempts to reform local self-government in Ukraine have been made since the declaration of its independence, but they have always been hindered by the lack of consensus among the political elite regarding the vision of the external and internal political vector of the state's development in general and approaches to the administrative-territorial division and organization of local authorities in particular. One of the key problems that arose from the very beginning of the reform was ineffective communication between the authorities and citizens, which caused an information vacuum on the ground. As sociological polls showed, citizens of Ukraine had rather low awareness of the features of the decentralization reform.
 Attracting highly qualified specialists to manage them turned out to be a difficult problem for the newly created united territorial communities. The low quality of personnel is usually related to the fact that most of the united communities are formed exclusively from villages, which cannot provide employees of local self-government bodies with competitive salaries and high standards of living.

Mechanisms of Rehabilitation and Training of the Disabled

The implementation of the main directions of rehabilitation and rehabilitation of the disabled involves the use of technical means for the rehabilitation of the disabled, the creation of the necessary conditions for the unhindered access of the disabled to social, engineering and transport infrastructure facilities. The article also provides information on the rehabilitation of disabled people and their families, the rehabilitation of disabled people.

On the use of solar energy in Azerbaijan

The paper deals with the “solar energy”, one of the areas of green energy in detail. In the modern world, the solar energy is considered the most perspective source of alternative energy with a great potential. The solar technologies turn the sun rays into the power energy via the photovoltaic (PV) panels or the mirrors accumulating solar radiation. The solar panels are used to obtain the power from solar energy while solar collectors are used for the heat and hot water supply. Solar panels are the devices developed from the light-sensitive semiconductor materials and turning solar energy into the power through the photoelements consisting of several layers in a general frame. Moreover, the movement of power energy depends on how high the light intensity is. The solar energy is produced via the the solar panels as the direct current (DC), and subsequently, power transisters – inventors turning this energy into the alternating current (AC) are used to integrate it to the network. In addition, the author marks that Azerbaijan has high potential of solar energy, as well as the projects implemented in this sphere by the State. The stations in the balance of the “Azalternativeenergy” LTD under the State Renewable Energy Sources Agency – Wind Power Station under Gobustan Hybrid Power Station, Solar and Biogas Power Stations are operated conjointly. Surakhany, Pirallahy, Sahil, Samukh, Sumgayit Solar Power Stations are described in detail. At the same time, it is noted that solar generation devices with small power have been installed by “Azalternativeenergy” LTD in thirteen social facilities, through which power supply and seasonal heat supply in nineteen social facilities are carried out as well.

Perkembangan dan Peranan Multimedia (Internet) Berbasis Dakwah Islam

This research was conducted to find out how the development and role of da'wah-based internet multimedia. The use of research methods seen from the type of research that is using the method used in this research is a qualitative method with a library research approach. The results of this study are the use of multimedia (internet) in preaching including using website facilities, mailing list facilities, chat facilities, blog facilities, social networking facilities. When looking at the current da'wah, it is deemed necessary to evaluate because the media used also influences the implementation and execution of Islamic da'wah. Given the importance of the internet as a means of preaching, it is necessary to use it in preaching related to the use of the internet as a means of conveying da'wah messages. By taking advantage of the current developments, especially multimedia, it is hoped that da'wah will be able to play a role on the internet to convey goodness and solve problems in everyday life. By spreading da'wah through the internet, of course, the scope is wider and can be accepted by a wider audience, both children, young and old. This journal tries to contribute ideas to inspire preachers to use multimedia (internet) as a means of delivering da'wah.
 Keywords: Development of Multimedia, Internet, Da'wah

Community Acceptance of, and Opposition to, Homeless-Serving Facilities

Under what conditions will the public accept homeless-serving housing and social service facilities in their neighborhood? In this paper, we answer this question through a basic descriptive statistical analysis of a brief survey (respondent n=251) and a thematic analysis of seven focus groups with residents of San Diego, California (participant n=34). We find that although residents were not categorically opposed to such facilities, their support was contingent on a particular approach to addressing homelessness, often rooted in misperceptions of the causes of homelessness. Participants classified people experiencing homelessness (PEH) into “deserving” and “undeserving” groups based on these perceptions. Attitudes towards homeless-serving facilities were also shaped by a belief that what is needed most are services such as substance abuse treatment, mental health services, or job training; they focused less on the need to house people who are currently unsheltered. Study participants also took a paternalistic approach to policy design, focusing on rules and regulations to force PEH to make “good” decisions. Participants recognized homelessness as a pressing social problem and were willing to consider homeless-serving facilities in their community. However, their attitudes and beliefs limited which facilities they would support, and under what circumstances.

Structural Systems in Enveloping a Sport Complex

Purpose: Sport is a necessity for the development of sound mind and body which are needed for adequate and balanced education. Besides, it is an international phenomenon with socio-political and economic implication. This has facilitated the need for the development of sport facilities alongside other educational and social facilities in universities to enhance the participation of students in sport activities either as a full time programme as in physical education or as a social and recreational activity. The study involves analysing various structural systems use in enveloping sport facilities. It investigates sporting facilities where light weight structure roofing systems have been achieved at minimal cost or expenditures.
 Methodology: The case study method of research has been adopted. Secondary sources of information shall be from studies by other researchers through books, journals, published and unpublished literature, as well as online sources.
 Findings: Though the sport complex is not a new building type, but the information was sort, so as to gain knowledge. It is hoped that the sport facility will enhance the development of sport in its environs and also make it possible for people to participate actively in sporting activities.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This research work has identified critical dimensions from which sports participation can be improved, with the ultimate aim is to provide a permanent solution to the infrastructure related concerns of sports and thus to highlight the effects of modern materials and methods in enveloping modern-day design and construction of sport infrastructure, and improving participants well-being in this facilities