As China's social economy grows and the demand for water resources increases, the Han River Basin faces intensified supply-demand conflicts, reducing water resource utilization efficiency and threatening regional development. To address this, a network evolutionary game model based on complex network and evolutionary game theory was developed for collaborative water resource utilization. The study identified key dynamic factors influencing the game in the Han River Basin and analyzed its evolutionary rules. Simulations revealed that the profit-loss ratio and profit distribution rate significantly affect cooperative behavior. Furthermore, the network's topology exhibits small-world characteristics, and factors such as economic preferences, income distribution, and reward-punishment coefficients critically influence cooperation. Considering the current state of water resources and economic development, it is projected that comprehensive cooperation in the basin may take around 11 years to establish.