Social Economics Perspective Research Articles

Supply Chain Management Benefits Enterprises from Different Social Economic Perspectives

Supply Chain Management has been used by many enterprises, and the benefits it brings are undeniable. However, many factors decide the implementation of Supply Chain Management results, from the legal provisions and market status at the macro aspect to the executive philosophy of the manager at the micro level. As a result, this essay will specifically study whether different Social and Economic Perspectives will influence the result of Supply Chain Management benefits enterprises. Although a variety of relevant researches have shown the advantages of applying Supply Chain Management for enterprises, there is still a bias that is easy to be ignored, which is from different Social and Economic perspectives. Therefore, the goal of this essay is to find whether companies using Supply Chain Finance from different Social Economic Perspectives will still be benefited. Based on literature analysis, the main research method of this essay is to analyze and compare the examples of using Supply Chain Management to bring results under a different social and economic market system. For different firms in different social and economic perspectives, Supply Chain Management has its existence significance. Although the implement Supply Chain Management will have some risks, its benefits are more meaningful for the enterprises and market operation.

Reinforcing Data Integrity in Renewable Hybrid AC-DC Microgrids from Social-Economic Perspectives

The microgrid (MG) is a complicated cyber-physical system that operates based on interactions between physical processes and computational components, which make it vulnerable to varied cyber-attacks. In this article, the impact of data integrity attack (DIA) has been considered, as one of the most dangerous cyber threats to MGs, on the steady-state operation of hybrid microgrids (HMGs). Additionally, a novel method based on the sequential hypothesis testing approach is proposed to detect DIA on the renewable energy sources’ metering infrastructure and improve the data security within the HMGs. The proposed method generates a binary sample, which is used to compute a test statistic that is further used against two thresholds to decide among three alternatives. The performance of the suggested method is examined using an IEEE standard test system. The results illustrated the acceptable performance of the proposed methodology in detection of DIAs. In addition, to evaluate the effect of DIA on the operation of the HMGs, DIAs with different severities are launched on the measured power generation of renewable energy resources like wind turbines. The results showed that a successful DIA on renewable units can severely affect the operation of electric grids and cause serious damage.

Association between fecal methanogen species with methane production and grazed forage intake of beef heifers classified for residual feed intake under drylot conditions

Reduction in greenhouse gas emission from beef production is essential to the survival of the beef industry from environmental and social-economic perspectives. There are different systems available to measure methane from animals, but they are expensive, not easily accessible, and not suitable for large-scale methane measurements on the farm. Therefore exploring indicator traits, which are easy to measure, cost-effective, and suitable for large-scale measurement, are recommended. The objectives of this study were to examine the diversity of fecal methanogen profile among efficient and inefficient beef heifers on pasture and investigate methanogen profile as a possible proxy to predict methane emission in beef cattle consuming a forage diet. Forty pregnant (1st trimester) heifers previously classified for postweaning residual feed intake adjusted for off-test back fat (RFIfat; 20 high and 20 low) were included in this study. To determine individual pasture grazing intake, heifers were dosed with 1 kg of C32 labeled pellets once per day from Day 0 to Day 12, and fecal samples were collected twice daily from Day 8 to Day 15. Fecal samples from Days 8, 10, and 12 were analyzed for their methanogen profile. Animals were monitored individually for methane and carbon dioxide production using a GreenFeed Emissions Monitoring system. Total methanogen population and methanogenic community diversity of fecal samples were not different (P > 0.1) between low and high RFIfat groups, as measured by quantitative PCR and α- and β-diversity indices. However, both groups had a different methanogen profile; the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter wolinii and relatives were higher (P < 0.002), while that of Methanosphaera species ISO3-F5 was lower (P < 0.01) in low RFIfat cattle compared to the high RFIfat group. We also demonstrated that fecal methanogen profiles may be a useful proxy in predicting daily methane and carbon dioxide emissions with an adjusted R2 of 0.53 and 0.33, respectively, for low RFIfat heifers and 0.46 and 0.57, respectively, for the high RFIfat group.

Korean Nonprofit/Non-Government Sector Research: A Literature Review and Analysis

Abstract Discourses on the nonprofit sector and civil society have elevated awareness of the significant growth of the sector’s roles and responsibilities since the early 1990s in South Korea (hereafter simply Korea). The nonprofit sector has played significant roles in promoting economic progress and democracy in Korea. Based on extensive empirical research and government statistics, this article presents the nature of the Korean nonprofit sector from various angles, including terminology, history, legal frames, size and dimensions, financial resources, changes in philanthropy and volunteer cultures, and social economic perspectives. In addition, the authors discuss contemporary issues for the nonprofit sector based on changes in the social environment. In discussing the magnitude of the Korean nonprofit sector, this article makes three arguments. First, we confirm that the Korean nonprofit sector has rapidly grown in multidimensional aspects as the legal systems for the nonprofits have developed in Korea since World War II. The growth has been accelerated by strong government supports and initiatives. Second, we argue that lack of conceptual frameworks to identify the nonprofit sector and lack of a centralized administration system have hindered fully catching up on the nature of the nonprofit sector in Korea. Multiple legal frameworks and excessively complicated governing systems for the nonprofit sector have inhibited understanding the size and dimensions of the Korean nonprofit sector. This article further diagnoses the financial structures and the contemporary issues for the Korean nonprofit sector, discussing key suggestions for developing it.

Uma medida do assédio moral no trabalho: Estrutura e invariância fatorial em diferentes áreas laborais no Brasil

Com as novas perspectivas socioeconômicas na contemporaneidade é possível avaliar os relatos dos trabalhadores sobre as exigências funcionais, as quais, salientam a existência de danos psicológicos, um dos responsáveis é o assédio moral; este problema, interfere no desenvolvimento e produtividade funcional, principalmente, na relação organização-trabalhador-saúde. O presente artigo tem como objetivo verificar a qualidade psicométrica da escala de assédio moral no trabalho em profissionais da educação e saúde no munícipio do Sertão paraibano. Participaram 288 funcionários, homens e mulheres, de um município paraibano do setor da saúde e educação, com idades de 19 a 64 anos (M = 41,56, d.p. = 12,08), a maioria dos respondentes apresentaram renda econômica entre 1 e 2 salários e tempo de serviço variando de 1 a 36 anos (M = 10,77, d.p. = 8,93). Responderam escala de percepção de assédio moral no mundo do trabalho, escala de Impacto Afetivo do Assédio Moral no Trabalho e dados sociodemográficos. Os resultados revelaram que os constructos utilizados foram confiáveis e que corroboram a avaliação do assédio moral e que este fenômeno existe, independentemente, do setor de trabalho dos respondentes. Esses resultados, oferece segurança a medida em questão, bem como, é uma ferramenta diagnóstica para o recurso humano para acompanhar a dinâmica organização-trabalho-saúde.

The Discursive Politics of Education Policy in China: Educating Migrant Children

AbstractThis article explores the discursive functioning of education policies, bringing into consideration community perspectives regarding policy enactment in contemporary China. With the intention of building upon ongoing discussions surrounding both the conceptions and purposes of policy sociology, we critically analyse policies directly related to the education of migrant children living in and around China's largest urban centres, with a specific focus on those implemented in Beijing. We emphasize two important aspects that previous studies of China's education policies have tended to underplay given their focus on social-economic perspectives. The first argument is that education policies have an underlying agenda that extends beyond that of simply addressing the educational needs of migrant children – evidenced through the discursive functions of policy texts. The second argument is related and seeks to raise questions about who is best served by these policies and for whom these policies are intended.

Social Economic Perspectives of Homecoming Tradition: An Indonesian Context

Homecoming has been practiced by most Indonesians as a routine tradition that cherished every year. This interesting practice has developed rapidly as an impact of the integration of capitalist economic systems in the early 1970s. The tradition of homecoming in Indonesia mostly occurs at the moment of religious holidays. This phenomenon is considered an essential part of the celebration. As the largest Moslem population in the world, the most prominent homecoming activity in Indonesia mostly happens during Eid Mubarak Celebration. At this moment, not only Moslem but almost all the people in the country go back to their hometown. Every year, this tradition is getting bigger in numbers and giving more significant impacts on the country in terms of social and economics. Therefore, this study tries to describe the homecoming tradition for Indonesia, specifically seen from a socio-economic perspective. As a qualitative content analysis study, this study analyses related works of literature, documentation, and publications relevant to the topic. The result is written descriptively by explaining the phenomena, discussing the impacts and proposing solutions. The results show that going home is proven to provide a substantial multiplier effect on the socio-economic side. From social perspectives, homecoming means the fulfillment of primordial and emotional interests to strengthen the relationship between family and friends. On the other hand, this tradition also boosts the economic development of the regions, which is interpreted as equalization or circulation of money from urban to rural areas in the country. Keywords: homecoming, tradition; impacts, social and economics

In search of behavioural and social levers for effective social housing retrofit programs

Our study proposes to analyze from a social practice and behavioural economics perspective the factors that influence a mismatch between energy behaviour and retrofit efficacy in the context of social housing. Retrofit interventions not only have the potential of improving energy efficiency of buildings, but they also change the context in which individuals live, therefore improving their wellbeing at home. However, the surrounding social context might suggest some context-specific practices and cognitive biases that negatively influence energy behaviour, creating a gap between expected and actual energy performance.Addressing the context-specific practices and cognitive biases is especially necessary when it comes to social housing. Social housing neighbourhoods are not only low-energy efficient, but also socially vulnerable. This context might shape specific practices and make salient specific cognitive biases which require special consideration within an energy retrofit program.The ambition of this study is to understand the context-specific practices and cognitive biases that characterize the pre-refurbishment phase of a retrofit program and to identify the ones that can be used as behavioural and social levers to enhance retrofit efficacy. To this aim, we analyze the results of a questionnaire administered to the tenants of a social housing district through the lenses of social practice theory and behavioural economics. Our results show that analysing tenants’ behaviour through an interdisciplinary social science approach allows to identify a range of context-specific variables that can be used as levers to align behaviour to retrofit interventions.

The Foreign Domestic Workers in Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan: Should Minimum Wage Apply to Foreign Domestic Workers?

With the number of foreign domestic workers increasing in different countries around the world, governments have also begun to pay attention to issues related to the rights of foreign domestic workers. This article presents a comparison and analysis of foreign domestic workers employment policies, working conditions, and minimum wage in Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. We found foreign domestic workers in Asian countries lack access to regular forms of migration and safe migration channels; low wages; long working hours; exploitative working conditions; nonrecognition of domestic work under labor laws, and mistreatment in domestic work conditions. In addition, this article investigates from social welfare, economic, and legal perspectives, the feasibility of applying minimum wage to foreign domestic workers. The results show that foreign domestic workers’ wages should not be decoupled from the minimum wage, and foreign domestic workers should not be treated as a separate group of workers in minimum wage policy. Long-term care systems should incorporate the foreign domestic worker labor pool, which could provide the additional personnel necessary for the nation’s long-term care.

A hierarchy model of quality-recognition-eliteoriented value and beliefs. Deciphering luxury consumption behaviour

This study proposed an integrated model by combining a hierarchy model of luxury goods proposed by Alleres (1990) and value theory (Babin et al., 1994). Firstly, this paper conducted a pilot study to confirm the structure and the interrelationships among consumer beliefs toward the luxury good. Based on the exploratory study, this study developed a hierarchy framework of consumer perceptions of luxury goods, including quality-oriented beliefs, recognition-oriented beliefs, and elite-oriented beliefs corresponding to Alleres model (1990). Secondly, with 316 valid samples from a web-based survey, the findings shown that consumers with higher quality-oriented beliefs had the strongest effect on hedonic value, followed by the effects of elite-oriented and recognition-oriented beliefs. By proposing an integrated model, this paper provided an empirical evidence to show that consumers with different weight of beliefs contribute to diversified weights of consumer value, leading them to behave their conspicuous consumptions based on the social economic perspectives.

A revisited conceptualization of plastic pollution accumulation in marine environments: Insights from a social ecological economics perspective

The proliferation of synthetic polymer fragments in marine ecosystems has become a prominent issue within recent years, and its disastrous implications on marine species as well as associated social and economic costs have been extensively documented. A narrow perspective of analysis has characterized current conceptualizations of the phenomenon, which is further resembled in the proposed approaches to tackle the problem. Based on a critical realist philosophy of science, this article aims to investigate the fundamental and interdisciplinary dynamics underpinning the current production, consumption and post-consumption lifecycle of plastics, by abstracting transfactual relationships. These then provide the basis to develop a conceptual model for understanding the phenomenon in a more comprehensive manner, and form a framework to assess proposed policy responses for addressing the issue. Thereby the conceptual model draws upon four fields of knowledge: (i) thermodynamic laws and its relevance for economics, (ii) behavioral psychology and resulting limitations of individuals’ decision-making under conscious consumer theory, (iii) power theories of political science, and (iv) ethical considerations. The article suggests that ontological and epistemological discrepancies across disciplines, as well as the consequential neglect of several mechanisms have so far limited scientific progress to guide meaningful political action.

The wolf will live with the lamb

Maestripieri et al. pit evolutionary psychology against social psychological and economic perspectives in a winner-take-all empirical battle. In doing so, they risk positioning evolutionary psychology as an antagonistic subdisciplinary enterprise. We worry that such a framing may exacerbate tensions between "competing" scientific perspectives and limit evolutionary psychology's potential to serve as a unifying core theory.

THE PRINCIPLE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND GOOD GOVERNANCE

Sustainable development leads the society towards a new orientation and hammers on our cognitive faculty to see the perspectives of development in a new form which requires the radical change in social economic and political perspectives and thus gives birth of sustainable governance. Environmental governance is a precise term indicates towards the activities of various institutions and structure of authority related to protection of natural environment. Environmental governance and the sustainable governance are not same. The former aims to involve government, individuals, industries, civil societies, Internationals and non-governmental institutes in policy formulations and decision making process in environmental performances to face the challenges of the globalised world and to curb pollutant. On the other hand governance for sustainability is value based and advocates for the preservation of integrity of ecology of the Earth. The approach of Sustainable governance is very specific and target oriented i.e. save the planate, promote human development and achieve universal prosperity and peace. But still we have not been able to achieve the above targets despite of having a number of conventions, treaties, and covenants etc. Furthermore the theme of ‘green economy’ of Rio+20 is a contested concept and the critiques apprehend that it may downplay the concept of sustainable development. Under the above backdrop this paper intends to scan the global initiative towards ensuring sustainable governance and will also make analysis that whether still the focus of the UN is pointed on sustainable governance or wandering in jugglery of brown and green economy.

Applying the Water Footprint and dynamic Structural Decomposition Analysis on the growing water use in China during 1997–2007

China has experienced rapid economic development during the recent years. In the meantime, the total water use in China has greatly increased, causing considerably severe water shortage. To quantify how the social-economic development drives the change of water use is of great importance for Chinese government. This study aims to quantitatively investigate the determinants of the growing water use in China during 1997–2007. China's water usages in 1997–2007 are indicated by the Internal Water Footprint (IWF), External Water Footprint (EWF), and Exported Virtual Water (ExVW) using an input–output based WF analysis. A dynamic Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA) model is employed to decompose the changes in the total WFs (TWF) into five social-economic determinants. The dynamic SDA model, which uses a nonlinear path function to simulate the real paths followed by determinants, is a further development of a path-based SDA algorithm. To validate the dynamic SDA, a comparison study is carried out against the commonly used mean decomposition model. The results from the WF analysis show that, during 1997–2007, the increase of China's water use is dominated by the ExVW, which increases significantly due to the expansion of exports. While the changes in the IWF and EWF tend to help mitigating the water pressure. The dynamic decomposition results indicate that the consumption level is the dominant factor of China's water use growth, and the changes in water-saving technology and final demand pattern contribute largely to offsetting the water use growth. The model comparison shows that the dynamic SDA model is more advanced in obtaining reliable results and addressing the static issue of traditional SDA models. This study provides a robust framework for understanding the water use situation from the social-economic perspectives, which benefits sustainable water management.

MENINJAU KEMBALI EKONOMIKA NEOKLASIK

Economic Faculties in Indonesian Universities have been teaching economics in the Neoclassical tradition as in Samuelson’s Economics, a combination of Classical liberalism and Marginal Utility theory. But the development experience in the last 32 years which have created extreme inequalities in the distribution of wealth and income have raised the issues of economic and social justice. ”Social economics insist that justice is a basic element of social economic organization – (which is) far more important than allocative efficiency. Inefficient societies abound and endure in the historical record but societies that lack widespread conviction as to their justness are inherently unstable. ” ….. The most fundamental difference between the social-economics perspective and that of mainstream economics is that the latter has for its principal focus the production of good and services while the former focuses on the reproduction of society. (E.K. Hunt, History of Economic Thought A Critical Perspective, 1979). An atmosphere need to be created whereby economists are prepared to take on what is best from the social science; economics is more likely to be changed by its friends than by its critics; in business as well as in theory we prefer not the metaphor of the invisible hand but rather that of the “invisible handshake” the spirit of cooperation and competition. 1) Keywords: justice, ideology, Neoclassical Economics, and social economics

Natural experiments and debt-driven financial crises: mortgage finance booms in the 1920s and 2000s

Purpose – The role of debt in episodes of financial stability is a topic of increasing important as the global economy struggles to recover from the worst crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The purpose of this paper is to examine the mortgage finance booms of the 1920s and 2000s as natural experiments, new insights into debt-driven financial crises are gained. Design/methodology/approach – The general methodology is interpreting anomalous historical events as natural experiments. The specific methodology is the approach to natural experiments provided by Joseph A. Schumpeter and Milton Friedman. The hypothesis tested is that laxity in lending standards was the prime contributor to the mortgage debt booms. In each case, we explain why factors other than laxity in lending standards would be secondary factors, with the pre-boom and post-boom lending standards providing the control groups of natural experiments. The two episodes of mortgage debt booms occurring under very different general economic and financial conditions provide an especially strong test of the hypothesized functional relationship. Findings – The results of the two natural experiments support the hypothesis that lax lending standards were the prime contributors to the two episodes of debt-driven financial crisis. Originality/value – From a social economics perspective, the insights gained are important because a major social goal has been to encourage greater opportunities for home ownership. The results of these natural experiments provide guidance for policymakers in the search for a viable balance between achieving that social goal and maintaining financial stability.

Análisis de la dimensión medioambiental de las compañías aéreas que operan en España: estudio de contenido de sus páginas web

Tourism is a significant economic sector since the economic and social development of Spain points of view. Within, airlines are crucial due to it accounts for the highest share on international tourists transport mean selection. Airlines produce a significant percentage of total pollution –mostly atmospheric and acoustic, that should be reduced because their volume and rhythm of increase are unsustainable from the global perspective and also for sustainable development aims and environmental protection policies, particularly the E.U policies. Therefore, airlines are progressing nowadays through Social Corporative Responsibility policies which emphasize their business environmental dimension. It is relevant to analyze those firm SCR dynamics in order to obtain conclusions on the structural and functional systems drivers of change – since the social economic and political perspectives and its relations to sustainability; also in terms to their collaboration to socioeconomic and environmental basic equilibrium maintenance.

BOOK REVIEW: "Knowing Tomorrow? How Science Deals with the Future", Edited by Patrick van der Duin

Many scientific fields deal with the future. This book provides a good introduction to the futures research and includes applications in many different scientific fields. The book starts with an introduction to the terminology and the contents of the book. The next chapter explores our interest in the future. Following chapters provide different perspectives including human and social perspective, economics perspective, philosophical perspective, historical perspective, geographical perspective, astronomical perspective and environmental perspective. It is really eye opening experience to go through all these perspectives and it lets us see that there are so many perspectives we have to worry about when we are trying to forecast technologies. Although the book does not specifically focus on technology forecasting, I find it useful for researchers in the field of technology forecasting to have a copy of this book to enrich their approaches. The two most relevant chapters are the ones focusing on management and technology analysis sections. Many of our readers would find those chapters very relevant to innovation and technology management. Overall, the book is a must have for researchers and practitioners who are either developing decision making tools to address expected problems in the future or making decisions based on how they see the future.

Commentary: Value and Digital Rights Management—A Social Economics Approach

The rise of digital media has created a number of problems for copyright, in large part by removing the physical constraints of copying associated with older media forms. The concept of digital rights management (DRM) has been pushed as one solution, restoring technological constraints on copying. There are, however, other issues associated with DRM approaches; they are costly and can be used to restrict access and use of content beyond the specific rights granted by copyright policy. These costs and additional restrictions reduce the value of content, affecting its demand and use, with repercussions for the creation of both private and social value. This paper will examine several proposed digital rights management approaches from a social economics perspective—an approach that emphasizes recognition of indirect and social sources of value, and the implications of policy for such value.

Evaluation of the support of young athletes in the elite sports system

The paper addresses the extraction and empirical testing of the hard core of assumptions underlying the construction principles of the German supportive system in youth elite sport. The support system turns out to be based on a mainly input-oriented concept. Invested sport-related time is regarded as a critical input variable and extensive and intensive time economy is systematically aimed at. Among 1,558 national squad athletes in all Olympic sports, those with international and with national success at each junior age and elite age are compared regarding their former juvenile success and volume of training and participation in support programmes. Effects of juvenile training- and support-related variables vary over time and in some cases turn into the opposite in the long run. Juvenile success, the training volume in the individual’s current main sport, and the inclusion in support programmes have no significant or negative effects on long-term success in elite sport. In contrast, international elite athletes are characterized by a higher juvenile training volume only in other disciplines beyond the individual’s current main sport and correspondingly by a decelerated juvenile training-, competition-, and support-related development in their main sport. Results are discussed by integrating social science, training science, economic, and educational perspectives.