Social Economic Conditions Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENGGUNAAN BANTUAN KEUANGAN PARTAI POLITIK OLEH DEWAN PIMPINAN CABANG PDI PERJUANGAN KOTA DEPOK TAHUN 2021-2023

This study aims to analyze and describe the Standards and objectives, Supporting resources, Communication and strengthening activities between organizations, Characteristics of implementing positions in management, Political and social economic conditions, and Disposition of implementers in managing political party financial assistance by the Depok City Branch Leadership Council of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. Data analysis techniques are carried out through data collection, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the study and discussion above, overall it can be concluded that the implementation of the policy on the use of political party financial assistance by the Depok City Branch Leadership Council of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle is right on target, namely for political education. This is based on the fulfillment of the six variables of the Policy Implementation Model proposed by Van Meter & Van Horn which include; (1) Standards and objectives, (2) Supporting resources, (3) Communication and strengthening activities between organizations, (4) Characteristics of implementing positions, (5) Economic, political, and social support, and (6) Disposition of implementers.

Impact of Kendari-Toronipa Tourism Access Road on Social Economic and Environmental Conditions (Study in Mekar Village, Bajo Indah Village and Leppe Village, Soropia Sub-District, Konawe Regency)

The construction of the Kendari-Toronipa tourism access road is one of the significant infrastructure projects in Southeast Sulawesi that is expected to boost the region's economic development. However, infrastructure development in coastal areas often poses significant risks to socio-economic and environmental conditions. This study aims to analyze the impact of the tourism access road on the socio-economic and environmental conditions of the coastal area in Soropia District, Konawe Regency, and formulate a program for improving the welfare of coastal communities based on the current socio-economic and environmental conditions of the coastal area in Soropia District. This research was conducted from January to May 2023. Data were collected through surveys, interviews, and field observations. The main variables analyzed include socio-economic conditions and the coastal environment. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics. Preliminary results show that the construction of the Kendari-Toronipa tourism access road impacts the social, economic, and environmental aspects of Soropia. Improved accessibility, job shifts, and local business growth improve economic welfare. Settlement governance programs, MSME development, and land control maintain the balance of development and environmental sustainability.

Ethnoracial disparities in childhood growth trajectories in Brazil: a longitudinal nationwide study of four million children

Growth is an important marker of child health and development. It is related to aspects such as social-economic conditions, being affected by social inequalities. Race is a social construct that functions as an essential tool of racism. It creates social hierarchy, resulting in segregation, different quality and access to health care, and unequal distributions of social determinants on health. Understanding the effects of ethno-racial inequalities on growth trajectories is essential to improve children development and well-being. In the study we investigated child growth according to maternal ethno-racial group using a nationwide Brazilian database. Data were obtained via linkage of the CIDACS Birth Cohort and the Brazilian Food the Nutrition Surveillance System. It included 4,090,271 children under 5 years old, born at term, followed-up between 2008 and 2017. We used mixed-effects model to estimate both original and standardized forms of length/height and weight trajectories. Results pointed out to growth differences among the racial groups, concerning both markers. Children born to Indigenous mothers presented the most critical situation, followed by those born to Parda, Asian-descent, and Black mothers. The strengthening of policies aimed at protecting Indigenous children should be urgently undertaken to address systematic ethno-racial health inequalities. Additionally, these findings may help policymakers to achieve the United Nation’s 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (eradication of hunger and all forms of malnutrition).

Social support and economic conditions among older migrants in India: do distance, duration, and streams of migration play a role in later life?

BackgroundBeing older and having a migrant feature might cause a double risk of vulnerability in poor economic, social support, and health status at the place of destination. This study examines the association of migration on the social support and economic condition of older persons in India.MethodsLongitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave-I (2017–2018) data with total samples of 66,156 older adults aged 45 + with 30,869 and 35,287 male and female samples, respectively, used in this study. Descriptive and bivariate analyses have been performed to examine the pattern of older migrants, and multinomial logistic regression analysis has been used to establish the associations between migration, social support, and economic condition.ResultsOver half (57.5%) of the population aged 45 + in India had migrant characteristics; 80% migrated before 25 years. Of all migrants, about 90% migrated within one state (Intrastate), and 9% migrated to another (Interstate). The association between social support and migration by distance and the adjusted result showed that immigrants were less likely to have medium [RRR = 0.56 (CI; 0.46–0.68)] and high [RRR = 0.39 (CI; 0.30–0.50)] social support. The interstate migrants were also less likely to have high [RRR = 0.90 (CI; 0.83–0.98)] social support. The migrants with 0–9 years of duration were less likely to have high social support, and the urban to rural stream migrants were more likely to have high social support. The association between economic status and migration by distance and the adjusted result showed that more affluent immigrants were likelier to have [RRR = 1.41 (CI; 1.14–1.73)] better economic conditions than affluent non-migrants. Migrants with 0–9-year duration and urban to rural stream were found to be likelier to have better economic conditions.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that distance, duration, and migration stream have a significant association with social support and economic conditions in later life. In exploring migration’s effect on social and economic status, policymakers should prioritize migrants in their agenda to maintain socio-economic and social support for older persons in India to achieve the sustainable goal of active and healthy ageing.

"Will you need this health at all? Will you be alive?": using the bioecological model of mass trauma to understand HIV care experiences during the war in Ukraine.

Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has severely impacted the healthcare system, including the provision of HIV care. The ongoing war is a human-caused mass trauma, a severe ecological and psychosocial disruption that greatly exceeds the coping capacity of the community. The bioecological model of mass trauma builds on Bronfenbrenner's concept of interaction between nested systems to argue that social context determines the impact of life events on the individual and how an individual responds. This paper uses the bioecological model of mass trauma to explore the impact of Russia's aggression against Ukraine and the ongoing war on HIV-positive people who use drugs in Ukraine, a particularly vulnerable population that may be negatively affected by disruptions to social networks, healthcare infrastructure and economic conditions caused by mass trauma. Data were collected between September and November 2022. A convenience sample of 18 HIV-positive people who use drugs were recruited from community organizations that work with people living with HIV, drug treatment programmes, and HIV clinics through direct recruitment and participant referral. A total of nine men and nine women were recruited; the age ranged from 33 to 62 years old (mean = 46.44). Participants completed a single interview that explored how the war had affected their daily lives and access to HIV care and other medical services; their relationships with healthcare providers and social workers; and medication access, supply and adherence. Data were analysed using the Framework Method for thematic analysis. The war had a profound impact on the social, emotional and financial support networks of participants. Changes in social networks, coupled with limited job opportunities and rising prices, intensified financial difficulties for participants. Relocating to different regions of Ukraine, staying at somebody else's home, and losing connections with social workers impacted medication adherence and created lengthy treatment gaps. Participants also experienced a decreased supply of antiretroviral therapy, concerns about accessing medication for opioid use disorder, and overwhelming fears associated with the war, which overshadowed their HIV-related health concerns and negatively impacted medication adherence. Our analysis reveals the complex impact of war on social networks and healthcare access. Maintaining support networks and competent healthcare providers will be essential amid the ongoing war.

Revolutionary Echoes: Marxist Insights into The Social Class and Economic Conditions in Rabindranath Tagore’s Subha

Rabindranath Tagore, a renowned literary figure and a futuristic, has written the short story Subha, a work that transcends its romantic narrative to offer a broader critique of power structures and societal ideologies. If someone is a woman, her situation is going to be worse; if she is physically challenged, her situation is going to take a nightmare - this is how the late nineteenth-century society used to treat women, painted by Tagore. The protagonist Subha is a woman who is physically challenged and her relationship with Amal, who belongs to the upper class, changes their relationship quo and causes one of the reasons for the plot’s trajectory. Applying Althusserian lenses to this exploration, the research scrutinizes the manifestations of the Ideological State Apparatuses within the narrative. The central research questions guide the inquiry, emphasizing an in-depth analysis of the operationalization of the Ideological State Apparatus in delineating social class distinctions. This paper maintained in a qualitative methodology involves a meticulous examination of the text and discerns the nuanced portrayal of social class within Subha. Drawing on Althusser’s Marxism theory, the study, moreover, investigates how the Ideological State Apparatus influences characters’ relationships, exploring the intersections of personal desires and societal expectations. However, the research findings aim to contribute to the understanding of how ideology shapes literary narratives, shedding light on the intricate dynamics between characters, social class, and plot trajectories. In a broader context, this study underscores the enduring relevance of Marxist theory in literary analysis, offering insights into the mechanisms through which ideological forces operate in shaping the sociocultural landscape depicted in Tagore’s Subha.

Analyzing racial disparities in the United States homeownership: A socio-demographic study using machine learning

While increasing homeownership has been a focal point for policymakers in the United States, the distribution of access to homeownership opportunities across all families within the country has not been equitable. The complex relation between social factors and economic conditions has significantly shaped the journey toward homeownership. Of particular concern is the persistent disparity in homeownership rates among Black households in the United States. Effectively addressing these disparities within urban communities necessitates comprehensive policy interventions and social initiatives. However, the success of such endeavors hinges upon a comprehensive grasp of the underlying causes of these inequalities. Drawing upon machine learning techniques, our analysis of national American Housing Survey data reveals clear evidence for the multifaceted and socio-demographic nature of racial disparities in homeownership within the United States. Our findings provide evidence for two previously obscured patterns. First, we observe that race-related risk factors, separate from household characteristics, are heterogeneous, not uniformly affecting all households. Specifically, our analysis highlights: (1) there is a geographical variations in how race-related risk factors contribute to racial inequality, and (2) households with lower educational attainment are potentially at increased risk of discrimination. Second, our findings underscore the potential of policies and social programs aimed at enhancing educational attainment to bridge the racial gap through two mechanisms: (i) mitigating vulnerability by alleviating race-related risk factors, and (ii) suppressing the compounding effects of racial disparities.

Bibliometric Exploration of Factors Affecting Community Involvement in Environmental Law Enforcement

This research conducts a comprehensive bibliometric exploration to unravel the factors influencing community involvement in environmental law enforcement, a critical aspect of safeguarding ecosystems and public health. Environmental law enforcement relies heavily on community participation, yet understanding the determinants shaping such involvement remains incomplete. Through a systematic analysis of scholarly literature, this study aims to bridge this gap by identifying key themes, trends, and gaps in understanding community dynamics in environmental law enforcement contexts. The research employs bibliometric techniques to analyze a vast corpus of publications, exploring factors such as social norms, economic conditions, and enforcement strategies affecting community engagement. The findings not only contribute to theoretical understanding but also offer practical insights for policymakers, environmental agencies, and community organizers to enhance community participation in environmental protection efforts.

Higher Education Success Factor Model: A Means to Explore Factors Influencing Indigenous Australian Completion Rates

The number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students enrolled at universities continues to increase; however, completion rates have not. In this study, we sought to understand what contributes to university completion rates by Indigenous Australian students. We employed a mixed-method approach, utilising the higher education success factor (HESF) model to investigate the factors that influence completion. In total, we surveyed 308 Indigenous Australians who had graduated between 2018 to 2022. We found that the social environment, economic conditions, and individual characteristics were identified as three factors influencing the completion of Indigenous university graduates. We report that this model has worked well to provide a means to identify factors influencing Indigenous Australian success in higher education. Academic institutions can now use this model to identify how they can best support Indigenous Australian students by examining the three factors we have identified to see where their weaknesses may lie and where improvement can be made.

Design of a Basic Analytical Framework for Human Capital, Public Goods and Institutions Based on Linguistic Economics

In the paper, we analyze and demonstrate the economic nature of language from the aspects of human capital, public goods and institutions, and put forward three topics in the field of Language Economics: language human capital; Language is a kind of public goods; Language is a system. As human capital, it is one of the important factors that determine people's employment and income in the labor market. It is closely related to people's social and economic activities and economic conditions; As a public product, language can directly affect the choice and formulation of language policy; As a system, language not only affects the transaction cost, but also affects the effectiveness of other institutional arrangements. As far as the existing research is concerned, the research on proposition 1 has become a very mature field of language economics. The research on propositions 2 and 3 has just started, but the prospect is very broad. This is worth studying. It is reasonable to believe that the follow-up research of language economics is usually based on or supported by these three arguments. In this sense, they can be used as the basis of linguistic economic analysis.

『통합사회』교과에서 행복 교육을 위한 사회학적 접근 전략 탐색

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the conceptualization of “happiness,” a prominent theme in the “Integrated Society” curriculum revised in 2015, from a sociological perspective within textbooks. The primary objective is to identify how happiness is portrayed and structured in these educational materials and to propose potential enhancements.
 Methods Consequently, the study investigates the manner in which discussions on happiness have been executed and how sociological perspectives have been integrated into these discussions. Adopting a sociological standpoint, happiness is viewed as a multifaceted concept embedded in social context. This research explores how social factors, such as the social structure, value system, economic conditions, and political influences, impact individual happiness. The examination of happiness content involves a segmentation into the meaning and standard of happiness, along with the conditions for a happy life, employing the quality of life model found in the five textbooks associated with the “Integrated Society” curriculum.
 Results The analysis outcomes reveal several key findings. Firstly, within the textbooks, the meaning of happiness is predominantly described in the subjective perspective, while the objective perspective is limited to listing and presenting various indices, failing to provide a balanced presentation of the two perspectives of happiness. Secondly, a distinction is made between textbooks that emphasize the social conditions of happiness and those that do not. Textbooks emphasizing social conditions predominantly focus on the objective aspects of societal conditions. In conclusion, both the meaning of happiness and the conditions for a happy life are predominantly framed in terms of pleasure and life satisfaction. However, the study highlights a deficiency in addressing the social systems that support these aspects.
 Conclusions In light of these findings, the study recommends that textbooks incorporate content that comprehensively explores the intricate relationship between society and individual happiness.

Poverty prediction using E-commerce dataset and filter-based feature selection approach

Poverty is a problem that occurs in many countries, notably in Indonesia. The common methods used to obtain poverty information are surveys and censuses. However, this process takes a long time and uses a lot of human resources. On the other hand, governments and policymakers need a faster approach to know social-economic conditions for area development plans. Hence, in this paper, we develop e-commerce data and machine learning algorithms as a proxy for poverty levels that can provide faster information than surveys or censuses. The e-commerce dataset is used and this high-dimensional data becomes a challenge. Hence, feature selection algorithms are employed to determine the best features before building a machine learning model. Furthermore, three machine learning algorithms such as support vector regression, linear regression, and k-nearest neighbor are compared to predict the poverty rate. Hence, the contribution of this paper is to propose the combination of statistical-based feature selection and machine learning algorithms to predict the poverty rate based on e-commerce data. According to the experimental results, the combination of f-score feature selection and support vector regression surpasses other methods. It shows that e-commerce data and machine learning algorithms can be potentially used as a proxy for predicting poverty.

Study on social-economical and awareness condition of Dhamdha block people in Durg District, Chhattisgarh state of India

Study on social-economical and awareness condition of Dhamdha block people in Durg District, Chhattisgarh state of India

LEGAL BASIS AND ACTIVITY OF OMBUDSMAN OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article deals with questions of formation, evolution, legal status and activity of the Authorized Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Human Rights. The evolution of the Authorized Person of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Human Rights was studied considering the development of the system of human rights protection as well as concrete social-economic conditions and results of legal development in the country. A comprehensive legal analysis of tasks, functions and authorities of the Ombudsman was conducted with comparison of foreign experience. A special importance was paid to the analysis of provisions of specialized status of the institute of Ombudsman – the Authorized Person of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Human Rights [Ombudsman]. The course of changes of mechanisms of legal regulation status and activity of the Ombudsman was undergone studies taking into account of the compiled experience and revealed shortcomings in legislation. On the basis of considering the election procedure of the Authorized Person of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Human Rights, its immunity and authorities, the author reasons the provision on broad enough competence and independence of the Ombudsman. Considering in detail different aspects of the activity of the Ombudsman, the author notes its deep connection with juridical practice of other law enforcement institutions. The structure, activity and assistant services – secretariat, consultative board, commission on observance to constitutional human rights and freedoms, expert council, regional representative were analyzed enough in detail. The article contains critical analysis of some norms of current legislation, reveals problems of legal protection practice on the basis of which the recommendations were made on improvement of laws and raising the effectiveness of Ombudsman’s activity. Keywords: human rights, protection of rights, ombudsman, constitutional law, procedural violations, court.

Managing Finances for Family Education amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic and its Consequences

This study investigates the management of family education expenses in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic and assesses the subsequent social and economic implications. The study was conducted in the Central Sulawesi village of Pasigala using a qualitative research approach and a factual exposure standpoint. The data collection process used methods like observation, interviews, and documentation. Subsequently, the gathered data underwent analysis using the Miles and Huberman model, encompassing data reduction, presentation, and verification. The research outcomes underscore the significance of effective financial management in meeting familial, educational, and financial obligations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the pandemic has notably affected social dynamics and economic conditions. Socially, there has been a shift in values and behaviors among the population, while economically, there has been a decline in individuals' income. These findings lead to the conclusion that the COVID-19 pandemic has indeed influenced the financial management of family education. Consequently, the study recommends implementing robust financial management practices in family education to ensure resilience in facing unforeseen challenges.

Child Poverty In Armenia

Children are at the highest poverty risk in any country. Poverty is a blight denying poor children the opportunities that others quite often take for granted. Aiming at elaborating policies/recommendations to eradicate child poverty, the report touches upon social-economic conditions of households with children, presents some measures of child poverty, and highlights social costs of passing childhood in poverty.

Global Cardiac Surgery-Accessibility to Cardiac Surgery in Developing Countries: Objectives, Challenges, and Solutions.

Cardiac surgery is a modern science in the history of medicine. The impact of cardiac disease, in terms of treatment and prognosis, has made this discipline indispensable to global health. In recent decades, the greatest investment has been dispensed to technological and material improvements to increase life expectancy. This surgery must address different epidemiological aspects dictated by the geography and economic-social conditions of the global populations. For this reason, it is progressively important to address the cardiac surgery accessibility disparity. Many scientific papers and international meetings have studied how cardiac surgery can be more accessible in various countries around the world. In this review, we analyze all the challenges, solutions, and suggestions that can make this surgery accessible to the entire global population, with the purpose of reducing its disparity across all seven continents. For a long time, high-income countries have invested in technological capabilities and experimental advancements without caring about unequal access in the rest of the world. We believe that it is time to reverse this growth trajectory, placing the accessibility and distribution of surgical science as a priority, which is significant for the right to health of all people worldwide. This is the real new challenge in cardiosurgery.

Process evolyucii pis'ma kist'yu i tush'yu v pejzazhnoj zhivopisi epohi dinastii Sun

As the peak of the development of Chinese landscape painting, the Song Dynasty not only had its own innovation in brush and ink techniques, but also had a profound impact on the inheritance of subsequent generations. Under the influence of different social development and economic condition artists of the Northern Song (960-1127) and Southern Song (1127-1279) used various brush and ink techniques, the study of which allows to expand the understanding of the processes of evolution of landscape painting in China as a whole.

Women's Socio-Economic Status in The Putting-out System of Work During the Covid-19 Pandemic

AbstractThis study focuses on studying the socio-economic status of women in the putting-out system of work during the Covid-19 pandemic. This work affects women in the social status and economic conditions of the family. The women of putting-out system struggle to earn income in order to survive during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study purposes analyze the socio-economic practices carried out by women during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this research is qualitative with data collection techniques through observation and in-depth interviews with informants in this study. This study produces the following prepositions: first, putting-out system work improves women's social status; second, the working of the putting-out system is an arena for fighting for family survival during the Covid-19 pandemic. The researcher concludes that the social practice of putting-out system work is interrelated with the social status of women as workers, while at the same time maintaining economic sustainability for the needs of family life during the Covid-19 pandemic. Social status as a working woman is very important to increase women's bargaining power both within the family and in the local community.Keywords: socio-economic status, women worker, putting-out system work, the Covid-19 pandemic

Impact of Social Assistance Programs on Family Economic Welfare in Urban Environments: An Analysis of Equity and Community Engagement

This research investigates the impact of social assistance programs on the economic welfare of families within urban settings. It aims to discern the relationship between the utilization of social assistance programs and economic conditions, explore disparities in impact across socioeconomic strata, delve into the lived experiences of program beneficiaries, and provide recommendations for more equitable and effective policy implementation. A mixed-methods approach is employed, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data is collected through surveys and government records, while qualitative data is gathered via interviews and focus groups. The analysis encompasses statistical techniques and thematic coding. The research reveals a positive correlation between social assistance programs and economic improvements in urban households. It uncovers disparities in impact across income strata, with a more pronounced effect on lower-income families. Qualitative insights validate the experiences of program beneficiaries, emphasizing the programs' importance in providing essential resources and education support. The study's findings have substantial implications for policymakers, program administrators, and urban communities. Policymakers are urged to create more targeted, nuanced, and adaptive programs, administrators should streamline administrative processes and support adequacy, and communities are empowered to engage in program design. This research underscores the potential for a more responsive, equitable, and inclusive social assistance framework