Social Development Strategy Research Articles

RETRACTED: Modeling and optimal energy operation considering probabilistic and sustainable renewable energy models and demand side management

While the economic is rapidly developing, human beings are facing a serious ecological problems, sustainable-development has got attention from more and more countries and has been treated as an economic and social development strategy. The development and utilization of renewable energy can realize the transformation of regional economic development mode and promote the long-term sustainable development of regional economy. One of the latest concepts that has attracted a lot of attention in the power systems is the energy hub (EH). In this paper, a combined energy system (CES) known as the EH consisting of electrical, cooling and heating equipment along with the demand response programs (DRPs) as well as renewable energy resources (RERs) optimization study have been proposed. Moreover, the uncertainty modeling and electrical scenario creation of cooling, heating, wind speed, solar irradiation and the energy carriers prices including electricity and natural gas is presented. The objective of the optimization problem is maximizing the profit of the EH with the existence of DRPs and RERs under four scenarios which is solved by enhanced grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. In order to avoid such deficiencies and to realize a stabilized relationship between exploration and exploitation, a new modified grey wolf optimization (MGWO) algorithm is proposed. The implementation results show high accuracy and power levels of this method to solve the aforementioned problem under different uncertain parameters and various scenarios. The simulation results of proposed EH profit maximization model shows a reduction in purchased electricity from the main grid and a reduction of the overall operation costs.

Social and Political Development Strategies: Global Pandemic Challenges (Covid-19)

Even English historian A. Toynbee claimed that each new generation of the “creative minority” (elite) periodically faced challenges of the time, to which it had to seek and give an adequate response. In case of an unsatisfactory answer, this “creative minority” should leave the historical stage, giving way to the more competent elite. The coronavirus crisis experienced by the global community in 2020 has become such a global challenge of our time for many people. And the public can make conclusions about the professional training and level of competence of the ruling elite groups judging from how effectively they cope with this challenge. But even now it can already be stated that the crisis has revealed a number of significant systemic failures in the functioning of political elites - their slow reaction to the event, disunity, clip consciousness and underestimation of the degree of risk, resources and their own capabilities. This article is devoted to the analysis of all these problems.

Strategicheskoe upravlenie regionami: ot slozhivshikhsia podkhodov k uchetu sovremennykh realii

The results of analyzing the approaches, concepts, programs, as well as the practices of strategic management of regional development, existing in Russia and abroad, are presented. Based on the revealed trends and taking into consideration the factors of global instability in the world, a complex of scientific provisions is worded with regard to forming of a relevant management strategy for social and economic development of regions in modern-day Russia. The suggested approach includes 10 provisions. 1. The strategy of the region social and economic development should be considered as an integral structure of subsystems taking into account the whole range of its natural, economic and social components, which constitute a unified territorial complex with multiple intricate internal and external relations. 2. It is necessary to analyze the social and economic status of the region in the totality of the fields of its production-and-economic activities; and compare the relevant set of indicators, provided by the state and regional statistics, to the available data obtained as a result of monitoring the functioning of the industrial enterprises. 3. The strategic priorities in the social and economic development of industrial enterprises in the Russian Federation entity should be formed through a system of supporting the making of managerial decisions on the region’s development, which would include the earlier mentioned methods, models and program complexes of the information-and-analytical system. 4. Russian Federation entities should elaborate the strategies of their social and economic development in compliance with the Forecast of the Science and Technology Development in the Russian Federation for the Period till 2030. 5. Since Russian Federation entities, in their essence, are integral formations with a unified wide range of natural, economic and social components, and are interested in proportionate and well-balanced development of those, it means that in order to ensure the strategic industrial and economic priorities of these regions, it is necessary to perform a complex analysis of the supporting infrastructure subsystems (engineering and technical facilities and communications, resources of all kinds, etc.) for the industrial enterprises being developed. 6. The concepts and programs of the social and economic development of regions should not only be properly elaborated and informationally tied to relevant federal programs. 7. No matter the scale of the regional development plans and the ambitions within those, as formed by the regional departments of state authorities, all of that can only be fulfilled by the population of those entities. 8. The strategy of social and economic development of any region, as a rule, comprises the programs for development of the secondary and higher professional education, the forming of which should be based on the forecasts of the demographic increase of population, development of industrial enterprises and organizations located on the region’s territories, etc. 9. It is impossible to fulfill the strategies of the development of Russian Federation entities without such an important component as public healthcare. 10. Various social programs and social protection of the population in general should be one of the crucial aspects when forming the strategies of development of Russian Federation entities

USE OF IDENTIFICATION TOOLS FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMALGAMATED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF DONETSK REGION)

The presented article examines the use of identification tools by amalgamated territorial communities of Donetsk region, information about which is included in the strategies of their socio-economic development, in order to build an effective system of their development administration. To achieve this goal, a general assessment of the decentralization process in the region has been conducted. It is noted that the main factors of the high rating of the region for the formation of ATC are the following: the large number of their population and significant state financial support. Stable growing of the resource base in all communities of Donetsk region, functioning for more than one year, their predominant financial self-sufficiency against the background of increasing the share of expenditures for the management of financial resources and abrupt dynamics of capital expenditures that do not correlate with budget revenues рфму иуут stated. The well-established processes of providing financial resources and problems with the administration of development expenditures in the communities of the region are noted. The possible connection of such miscalculations with the lack of ATC identification or its low quality of carrying out is substantiated. In order to confirm the assumption, the strategies of social and economic development of amalgamated territorial communities of Donetsk region in the context of their use of identification tools are monitored. It is determined that the majority of communities in which strategies have been developed and approved have limited use of identification tools, paying, however, considerable attention to the formation of their own positive image. The positive experience of Mykolayivska and Lymanska ATCs, as well as the negative experience of Olekandrivska and Zvanivska ATCs have been noted against the background of the absence of significant differences among the communities of the region regarding their planning of identification application in the context of optimizing development administration. There is a positive trend in the widespread use of marketing tools in terms of creating a positive image of communities, which opens up new opportunities for their successful positioning and promotion, thus taking care of their development.

Strategizing development processes research and innovation sphere of subjects Russian Federation

Subject of research. Strategizing (strategic planning) of the development of the scientific and innovative sphere of the Russian Federation subjects.The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to assess the current practice of strategic planning of the development of the scientific and innovative sphere of the Russian Federation (regions), to identify its inherent positive aspects and limitations.Methodology. The method of content analysis of strategies for socio-economic development of regions was used, supplemented by a comparative analysis of the key tasks presented in them for the development of the scientific and innovative sphere and the measures that the public authorities intend to implement. The information base of the analysis includes updated strategies for social and economic development of the Voronezh, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, and Samara regions developed in accordance with the requirements of the Federal law of the Russian Federation No. 172 of June 28, 2014 «on strategic planning in the Russian Federation».Results and discussion. The positive aspects of the strategy practice include setting tasks related to the development of the market for intellectual property objects, venture financing, international production cooperation of enterprises, and the export of innovative products. Another positive aspect is the development of measures that are relatively new for most regions. These include measures to ensure: the creation of technology and innovation support centers based on higher education institutions, the formation of leading research centers, including world-class ones; promotion of innovative developments of small and medium-sized businesses to foreign markets; consolidation of young specialists in science and innovative activities; solution of social, housing and professional problems of young scientists and prospective researchers; creation of an environment for online communications between innovation developers, business and government agencies; promotion of innovative culture through mass media and the Internet; implementation of information policy aimed at increasing the prestige of innovation and scientific activities. Among the limitations of the practice of strategizing is defined: carried out only in a few strategies, setting new targets for the development of scientific-innovative sphere; selectivity of the proposed measures concerning the composition of the key objectives identified.Conclusions. Identified positive aspects and limitations of contemporary practice in strategies of scientific-innovation sphere indicate the need for learning from the experience of advanced regions, demand for policy formation necessary key tasks of its development and measures to ensure their effective solution.

Strategic priorities of digital transformation of coal industry of Kuzbass

Digital transformation of the economy is a global trend. Digitalization has become a strategic priority for most companies no matter which industry they belong to, which form of property they are and how specific their business is. The article presents strategic priorities of digital transformation of Kuzbass coal industry. These priorities are part of ‘Strategy for social and economic development of the Kemerovo region (Kuzbass) up to 2035 and for longer perspective’ developed under the guidance and according to methodology of Dr. V.L. Kvint. Strategic analysis of world leaders’ activity in mining industry has shown that the first step to digitalization is connected with changes in the strategic management system and creating a digital transformation centre. The authors define the levels of digitalization of a mining company: automated production, digital flow control, “clever production”. The basic strategic priorities of digitalization of coal industry of Kuzbass are automated dispatching systems, equipment reliability management, energy efficiency of production, robotization, digital modeling, industrial labour safety and security. Coal industry enterprises create their own way of digital transformation and determine the list of essential digital technologies by themselves. Kuzbass coal industry will become the largest regional individual buyer of innovations and technical decisions in the nearest perspective. Digital transformation of coal industry will help automate the industrial process, increase labour and equipment productivity, and raise the level of industrial and environmental security and the industry’s efficiency indexes, and improve the life quality of employees and people of Kuzbass.

Mapping Analysis of Conflict Potential Utilization of Coastal Area Desa Pangkung Tibah, Kediri, Tabanan

Pangkung Tibah Village is located in the southern coastal area of Bali Island. About 70 percent of the land area in this village has been ruled by investors for tourist accommodation, especially the area close to the beach. At the beginning, land acquisition plans were not well received by local villagers, but other approaches were made by investors, including involving security forces to force citizens to surrender their lands. Field data reveals various problems, such as land of citizens that are isolated without access in the land of investors, land use that is not proprietary, the potential destruction of the environment, actions that cause citizens to feel uncomfortable. This research aims to map the potential conflicts of coastal utilization of the village. The method used is a qualitative approach. Primary data collection is done by in-depth interviews with relevant informant and field observations. The results of the study identified land utilization perpetrators, potentially conflict locations, conflicting causes, conflict forms, level conflicts to date, and mapping potential conflicts of mild, moderate, and severe conflict levels. Potential conflict mapping analysis is based on territorial theory and conflict theory. Thus, the results of this research can be used as a basis for consideration by policy determinants (Government and indigenous leaders) to overcome the potential conflict of coastal utilization by coordinating the research results with Spatial planning and coastal area management strategies for sustainable economic, social and environmental development in research locations.
 Index Terms— conflicts, coastal utilization, mapping, potential conflicts, coastal areas

Institutionalization of higher education and science in the strategy of sustainable social development: global and European levels

The current education system is still «teaching» society the tasks and goals of sustainable development on a small and insufficient scale.
 However, the official program document (Resolution) of the UN General Assembly formulates an appropriate global strategy «Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development». Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the key areas for implementing this global integrated multi-level strategy for social, governmental and institutional sustainable development.
 Education is one of the crucial prerequisites for the implementation of the UN global strategy «Agenda 2030». Therefore, education has a key role to play in seeing a just, peaceful and sustainable society (both global, continental, regional and national).
 International and European integrated strategy for sustainable social development «Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development» – at the global level of education and science offers a mechanism for achieving and providing inclusive, equitable and quality education and training, promoting all opportunities for education and lifelong learning.
 The strategy envisages providing and allowing everyone to receive and complete free, fair and quality primary, secondary and higher education, which will lead to appropriate and effective results of sustainable social development of both individual states and the global system.
 It is also necessary to create preconditions for ensuring access of all, regardless of social, sexual, racial, ethnic origin to quality education at all levels, and to create appropriate conditions for this by 2030, which will allow them to successfully move to the next educational levels and carry out lifelong learning.
 To do this, all levels, models and systems of education (through the model of «education for sustainable development») must be transformed - to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary for sustainable development: sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promoting a culture of peace and non-violence, through global civic education and the recognition of cultural diversity and the contribution of culture to sustainable development.
 Thus, Agenda 2030 sets practical challenges for governments to ensure, through the transformation of the education system («education for sustainable development»), the maximum conditions for all people to participate (through the acquisition of quality knowledge and skills through education) in society, state and economic and political development.

FRONTIER AS A CATEGORY OF CRIMINOLOGICAL DISCOURSE

The significance of frontiers has been actualizing in the modern world as border zones, in which there is a diffusion of social and group differences, interaction of cultures, narratives, clash of civilizations. These areas are filled with conflicts of diverse nature, genesis, reproduction of which often contains significant criminogenic potential, manifested frontal crime. They have not as much a physical spatial, geographical, as a socio-temporal dimension, the spaces of existence of which unfold in the sphere of discourse, thinking, and are provided with an extensive, global telecommunication infrastructure.
 The purpose of the article is to establish, describe and explain the content of the category «frontier» as an element of criminological discourse.
 The frontier is defined as a border and borderzone between cultures, epochs in the actual calendar, physical time; it is a place of active interaction, clash of civilizations, cultures; the opposition, determined by the state of struggle, implicitly presupposes expansion and protection, a state of hostility, anxiety, and sacrifice. Frontier crime is a type of crime determined by conflicts in the area of social frontiers. Specific evidence of committing frontal crime: 1) it’s a conflict of identities; 2) has a political and/or religious motivation, however security-dominant and solidarity motivation; 3) aggressive and violent in nature; 4) depends on historical and/or religious-dogmatic (fundamentalist) consciousness, relies on the mechanisms of postmemory, radicalized discourse, actualized memes, symbols. In the global dimension, the implementation of frontal crime is explained by the mechanisms of the development of conflict between cultures. In the national – there have been identified three types of frontier crime: transitive, immanent, and postmodern anomie.
 Operating the frontier as a category of criminological discourse provides opportunities for a deeper study of the determination of political crime in Ukraine, as well as for the development of strategies for general social development (including in the context of combating crime) taking into account the socio-cultural frontier. Perspective areas of criminological research of the frontier is the study of the influence of the border and cross-border on the promotion of extremism, terrorism, taking into account its importance while designing and implementing the concept of transitional justice, as well as the peculiarities of constitution of frontier identity as an anti-criminal basis.

Desafíos del emprendimiento universitario en Méjico frente a los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

El emprendimiento universitario emerge como una estrategia para el desarrollo económico y social, que configura una senda para impulsar la generación de empleos, innovación y el crecimiento económico sostenible. Los retos que implica la sostenibilidad, plasmados en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), simbolizan áreas de oportunidad para emprendedores. El artículo identifica los desafíos del emprendimiento universitario frente a los ODS. Para ello, primero se hace una revisión de la literatura sobre el emprendimiento, se caracteriza el emprendimiento en Méjico y finalmente se analiza cómo los ODS representan oportunidades para los emprendedores. Los hallazgos identifican el vínculo entre la oportunidad del emprendimiento como una solución al cambio climático y degradación ambiental, así como el papel que las universidades deberán desempeñar en este proceso.

Strategy of social and economic development of the Krasnodar territory

Strategy of social and economic development of the Krasnodar territory

Model Audit of a Regional Strategy: Analysis of Coherence of Target Indicators

The strategies of social and economic development of Russian regions provide vectors, priority directions, quality and quantity characteristics of the regional development according to existing and predicted tendencies. There by in order to get realistic evaluations of strategic results, the relevance of coherence of the mentioned strategic papers grows. In this respect the importance of providing coherence of target indicators mentioned in strategic papers increases. The scientific novelty is determined first of all by the development of analytic approaches to form differential equations which describe the economic dynamics of key indicators of regional development based on Rostov region, and secondly, by the formation of a flexible approach to choose modeling tools according to the characteristics of the time rows. The paper uses the correlation analysis of statistical data, the scenario method, probabilistic methods. The authors have created regression and differential models “Investment – GRP”, “Investments – Cargo turnover of public transport”, “Cargo turnover of public transport – GRP”, which are applied to forecast, to analyze the economic growth in quantity and to check the coherence of target indicators. The application of the mentioned tools allows taking into account the dynamics of non-linear processes on the basis of verified time-spaced effects. The analysis of the results obtained from the model audit of investment effects makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the existence of internal contradictions between factual assumptions, which were applied in the target scenario of the regional strategy. Besides, the paper reveals that the optimal quantity of periods of high investments’ influence is 7 years and their return is not equal throughout the years and it decreases after the current period. The obtained results prove the importance of investment policy for the economy of the region and give the opportunity to evaluate the investments’ effect quantitatively. The presented models can be applied in either descriptive or normative approaches in economic modeling.

Formation of the Spatial Development Strategy for an Agro-Industrial Region: Modernization of Approaches

The need to update and develop new provisions of the policy of regional social and economic development as a centre-peripheral system is determined by the impossibility to ensure balanced social and economic development and smooth spatial development of central and peripheral territories only within the framework of the long-term strategy and programmes of social and economic development. The factor of economic space, its qualitative characteristics, as well as life-affirming properties in the context of the transition to the post-industrial paradigm of economic dynamics began to perform a much larger range of functions than just a topographic placement of economic agents within the framework of the concept of physical and metric use of elements of space. This circumstance can no longer be ignored in the framework of regulating interterritorial proportions and developing adequate approaches ensuring the equal spatial and economic development of the relevant centre-peripheral systems. The inclusion of the center-periphery conditions into the processes of forming and implementing the regional social and economic policy makes it necessary to look at the problems and order of regional strategic targeting from another point of view. This process, i.e. the process of strategy development, as well as the resulting strategic document of regional perspective development, is quintessential of the general philosophy and ideological concept of development of the region taking into account its spatial position, specialization of economy and specificity of the center-peripheral architecture within the region. The article justifies the relevance of developing new approaches to the formation of a strategy of regional spatial development for the territories of the central-peripheral type or agricultural and industrial regions. It details the principles of strategy development, the recommended diagnostic procedures used in the development of the strategy document, as well as the technological routing of the strategy development process and its key components. The presented scientific results have practical value within the implementation of the policy of spatial development of agricultural and industrial regions.

Strategic Cities in the Modern Map of Russia

The purpose of the study is to collect and analyze the complete database of social and economic development strategies of Russian cities with the population exceeding 100 thousand people approved by local regulatory acts in the period between mid-2014 (that is, after the adoption of the Federal Law “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation”) and the end of 2019. The task is challenging because despite the presence of the public federal state register of strategic documents in Russia, it does not contain complete and accurate information about documents at the municipal level. The studied range includes 168 cities. The search studies official websites of city administrations and legislative bodies as well as other open sources. Many documents are found on the websites of legal reference systems or in regional databases of strategic documents. As a result of the research, the database of documents under study includes 94 new strategies approved in 87 cities, which is about 51.8% of all cities in the studied group. In addition, 21 strategies had been updated and so only 60 cities out of 168 did not have an updated (in the sense of compliance with the Federal Law) strategy at the end of 2019. The analysis of the territorial distribution of cities that approved strategies after the adoption of the law shows the relative leadership of the cities of the Ural Federal District, the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District on strategic planning. On the basis of the results of studying the dynamics of approving strategic documents, the authors propose an updated periodization of strategic planning at the city level: Stage 1 – from 1997 to 2006 (“innovative strategic planning”); Stage 2 – from 2007 to 2014 (“mass proactive strategic planning”); Stage 3 – from 2014 to 2018 (“legal strategic planning”).

Strategic Consultant and Client: Interaction Models

The paper analyzes theoretical models of relations between executive authorities of federal subjects of the Russian Federation, municipalities (client) and organizations providing services for creating social and economic development strategies (strategic consultant). The authors study the evolution of these relations and the market of territorial strategic consulting from the moment of the emergence of territorial strategic planning in Russia to the present. The researchers identify factors causing serious changes in the models of relations “consultant – client” after the adoption of the Federal Law “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation” and tightening of public procurement standards. Theoretical constructions are supported by the statements of the heads of several leading Russian consulting teams. The authors have made a simplified classification of consultants, which includes “innovator”, “pragmatist”, “operator of changes”, and a classification of clients, which includes “progressor”, “formalist”, “populist”. The paper identifies essential characteristics of emerging substantive relationships: positioning of the advisor (“innovator” or “outsourcer”), depth of involvement of the parties into the strategizing process, level of client’s boss participation, form and regularity of communications, compatibility of worldviews. The authors identify two basic models. The preferred one is “partnership under the leadership of an consultant” and the ineffective one is “domination of a client with a low interest”. At the same time, the key characteristic is positioning of the consultant, which is connected with the market segmentation of the territorial strategic consulting. The researchers identify the problem of “tiredness” from standard strategic planning and propose options to modify this process. The authors systematize the problems that complicate the formation of an effective model of relations “consultant – client” associated with the selection and hiring of a consulting system according to the rules of public procurement and give recommendations for the improvement of the strategic planning process which are addressed to clients and consultant and are based on approaching to the model of their relations, which has been seen as the most productive.

Nationalising Intangible Cultural Heritage in Nigeria for Optimised Cultural Tourism: The Zangbeto Model

This paper evaluates developments in the intangible cultural heritage (ICH) discourse with particular reference to Nigeria, with a view to identifying challenges to its proper conservation and management on the one hand, and projecting its potential for optimised cultural tourism on the other. Along with an overview of the ICH industry in Nigeria, the Zangbeto masked tradition of the Ogu of south-western Nigeria was proposed as an example of the nation’s many intangible cultural heritage models and expressions that could be engineered through nationalisation for enhanced cultural tourism, national development and unity, and international collaboration. Through a triangulation of the phenomenological and case study approaches, complemented by a hermeneutical investigation of some significant themes on the subject, this paper explored the background to the UNESCO Convention on ICH and the attendant conceptual developments and critical junctures in the ICH discourse. It also examined the issue of ICH’s under representation in micro and macro strategies for social and economic development, reconceptualise nationalisation to accommodate specific anthropological concerns, and went on to propose a nationalisation-based analysis and management framework for the celebration, evaluation, effective conservation, preservation and management of Nigeria’s ICH with the Zangbeto tradition as a cultural model.
 Key Words: Nationalisation; Zangbeto; Intangible Cultural Heritage; Cultural Tourism;Analysis and Management Frameworks.

‘How can the governance of communities that care interventions be enhanced by understandings of community development?’: a case study in rural Australia

AbstractCommunities That Care (CTC) is an evidence-based social development strategy that uses a structured process of intervention based on the evidence about risk and protective factors in communities. CTC uses particular governance groups as central instruments in a process that aims to build the capacity of communities to enhance the lives of young people. This article reports findings from a formal evaluation which used a collaborative governance lens to examine governance of the application of CTC in a small rural Australian community. Specifically, the evaluation focussed on the perspectives of members of the governance structures concerning CTC’s operation and value at the interstice of youth and rural disadvantage. Findings suggest the potential within CTC to achieve sustainable community change may be enhanced through an endogenous governance approach that recognizes and develops community residents’ potential for leadership. The CTC strategy is now utilized internationally. This article offers important insights for practitioners, organizations and communities considering implementing this approach.

Communication effectiveness in social networks of leading universities

The article presents the results of communication effectiveness analysis in social networks of leading universities with strong economic departments. The study was carried out using the textual information analysis i.e. content, links, posts, comments, tags, etc.; multimedia i.e. photos, videos, audio, etc., and the ontology method, which estimated the social networks parameters like the number of subscribers, average path length, etc. The study showed that the main platform for international higher education institutions is Facebook; Instagram is actively developing, and then comes YouTube. The number of publications does not directly affect the number of subscribers, in contrast to the number of students. The high frequency of posts does not lead to subscribers increase. There is no single strategy for universities social network development. The use of informal communication, which encourages action, significantly increases the audience and its involvement; but is not used by all universities, because it might contradict with the university’s image. It should be noted that good design, the use of professional photos and videos, has its impact on potential audience.

Review: Global Christianity and the Black Atlantic: Tuskegee, Colonialism, and the Shaping of African Industrial Education, by Andrew E. Barnes

Review: Global Christianity and the Black Atlantic: Tuskegee, Colonialism, and the Shaping of African Industrial Education, by Andrew E. Barnes

Social Development Strategies for Promotion of Community Development in Nigeria

Every social action is perceived as a joint undertaking of’ people in their social settings to improve their living conditions in various communities in the society. Social development as an educational process stimulates consciousness among people in order to be aware of their capabilities to address prevailing situations and realities in various participating communities. Social development as a concept is used to stimulate awareness in people for the ultimate purpose of understanding their social realities ant their potentialities to promote development that will improve their living conditions in their various communities. The paper identified conscientisation strategy, communication strategy and group action strategy as strategies of social development in stimulating community development. Based on the issues discussed appropriate recommendations are made which include the urgent need to ensure that adequate information is made available to people through the instrumentality of conscientisation and communication as well as that social development should be driven by common vision and interest of the people of participating communities in Nigeria. Keywords: Social Development, Strategies, Promotion, Community Development DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-11-07 Publication date: April 30 th 2020