Social Development Plan Research Articles

Macrophage MSR1 Promotes the Formation of Foamy Macrophage and Neuronal Apoptosis after Spinal Cord Injury

Background: A sustained inflammatory response following spinal cord injury (SCI) contributes to neuronal damage, inhibiting functional recovery. Macrophages, the major participants in the inflammatory response, transform into foamy macrophages after phagocytosing myelin debris, subsequently releasing inflammatory factors and amplifying the secondary injury. Here, we assessed the effect of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) in phagocytosis of myelin debris after SCI and explained its possible mechanism. Methods: The SCI model was employed to determine the critical role of MSR1 in phagocytosis of myelin debris in vivo. The potential functions and mechanisms of MSR1 were explored using qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence after treating macrophages and RAW264.7 with myelin debris in vitro. Findings: In this study, we found improved recovery from traumatic SCI in MSR1-knockout mice over that in MSR1 wild-type mice. Furthermore, MSR1 promoted the phagocytosis of myelin debris and the formation of foamy macrophage, leading to pro-inflammatory polarization in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, in the presence of myelin debris, MSR1-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway contributed to the release of inflammatory mediators and subsequently the apoptosis of neurons. Interpretation: Our study elucidates a previously unrecognized role of MSR1 in the pathophysiology of SCI, and suggests that its inhibition may be a new treatment strategy for this traumatic condition. Funding Statement: This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81772351, 81520108018, 81472080, 81772352, and 81401800), the Jiangsu Committee of Science and Technology–Social Development Plan (BE2017755), the Jiangsu Six Talents Peak (WSN-011), the Nanjing Committee of Science and Technology (201505005), Medical Science and technology development Foundation from Nanjing Department of Health (YKK17060), and the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (SJCX18_0430). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: The animal protocols were approved by the Animal Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.

Manejo Costero Integrado en Cuba: Avances y Retos en la Etapa 2009-2019

Regional efforts jointly done for synthesizing the situation about Integrated Coastal Management and Public Politics in Iberoamerica started almost a decade ago. Ten years later, the present Chapter is aimed to analyze advances regarding implementation of integrated coastal management in Cuba. Due to its condition of being a Caribbean archipelago, everything in Cuba is strongly linked to its coastal and marine characteristics; issues about integrated coastal zone management have received greater attention, becoming, at present, an item of maximum priority among the political and legal frameworks of the country. Improvement to the political-normative framework regarding integrated coastal management, increase in the number of institutions devoted to assess themes related to that topic, as well as in the number of projects, activities for Postgraduate formation and communitarian education regarding the topic, are all widely shown in the present Chapter. Approval and implementation of the National Plan for Social and Economic Development up to 2030 (NPSED, 2030), and of the State Plan to face the Climate Change (“Life Task” in Sp. “Tarea Vida”) have been irrelevant for the country. Both Plans are aimed to analyze typical problems of the coastal zone, focusing on the search of solutions. New challenges for coastal zone management in Cuba are also described in the present Chapter, where possibilities of putting into practice new actions, as well as items, which require deeper analysis, are also given.

The foresight technologies as a tool for strategic planning of sustainable rural development

The article substantiates the need for the use of foresight technologies in the Russian practice of planning and forecasting sustainable development of rural municipalities. It shows the foresight methodology, which is used as a system tool for the formation and implementation of the development strategy of rural territories. The algorithm of strategic planning of social and economic development of rural territory of the region based on foresight technologies and the mechanism for its implementation at the municipal level are considered. It is shown that the nature of the municipal foresight is determined, on the one hand, by the need of taking into account the interests of key entities of regional development and, on the other hand, due to the obligatory interconnection of strategic priorities for the development of rural territories in long term. According to the results of the foresight study, the main directions of the introduction of digital technologies in rural areas and in the rural region are identified. The necessity of using foresight technologies for the development of a roadmap and the strategy for the development of rural territories of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

The Social and Vocational Integration of Former Users of the Child Protection System in Romania: A Qualitative Study

The social and vocational integration of vulnerable groups is an important aspect of social sustainability. Former users of the residential child protection system represent such a group. The purpose of our research was to investigate the social and vocational integration of individuals raised in the child protection system in Romania. Their experiences during and after their time in residential care are analyzed. The research sample was composed of 23 interviewees (18 male and 5 female) with an average age of thirty-five at the time of the interview (SD = 7.49). Our research method was a qualitative one, based on a semi-structured interview. The results paint a generally bleak image of life in such institutions, both before the fall of communism in Romania in December 1989 and subsequently. In addition, the respondents’ transition from institutional life to independent living was full of challenges. Nevertheless, most of the respondents have demonstrated a remarkable level of resilience, based on factors such as education, self-esteem, work, a life partner and the ability to acquire new skills. As a general conclusion, our study has shown that a sustainable social development plan should include social policies which strive for the de-institutionalization of the child protection system by preventing the separation of children from their biological families or, where necessary, by finding family-type solutions for children in difficulty. If institutional childcare is to continue, it must be accompanied by consistent efforts to prepare these children for their transition to independent living.

Perspectives of Thai Listed Companies on the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals

The UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development encourages both public and private sectors to contribute in achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which include 169 targets covering all social, economic, and environmental dimensions. Thai government incorporated SDGs as the key agenda to be addressed in its 12th National Economic and Social Development Plan and the 20-yr National Strategy. The government has to rely on private sector’s contribution to achieve the national targets. In the past few years, the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) and some Thai listed companies have been very active in promoting sustainability practices; however, their understanding and contribution to the SDGs remain unclear. This study investigated their perspectives, policy, and planned actions towards SDGs using structural equation modelling technique. The results show that investor is the key driver for SDGs and can influence business strategies of companies towards achieving the SDGs. The findings can contribute to understanding current directions and conditions of Thai listed companies to integrate government sustainability policies in their business strategies.

Development of Community Network for Sustainable Tourism based on the Green Economy Concept

The “Green Economy” concept is a tool that leads to the guideline to develop sustainable economy in parallel with social development, quality of life, and the balanced conservation of natural resources and the environment (Office of Agricultural Economics, 2013). The concept of economic development leading to sustainable development or Green Economy is a concept of business operation based on low carbon emission, reduction of energy consumption, promotion of efficient use of resources, leading to business growth, social development, reduced destruction of the environment and the ecosystem diversity.
 Tourism is a form of service business that is crucial to Thailand’s economic and social development. It has high potential to accommodate free trade and demand of global market in accordance with the National Economic and Social Development Plans. Moreover, it generates employment and income from foreign currency. However, if the rapid growth of tourism lacks good management, the environment will be directly affected. For example, energy consumption in communication and transport sectors, trips, hotel rooms, as well as garbage and waste from tourism activities. Tourism industry consists of numerous types of business, including direct, indirect, and supporting businesses, service purchased by both Thai and foreign tourists, leading to spending flows that benefit many jobs, and social stability at communal, local, and national levels (Chantouch Wannathanom 2009, 101). It illustrates the role of community tourism in generating widespread employment and occupation such as local handicrafts, agricultural and natural resources-based products, to stimulate production and maximum use of the country’s resources. At present, the government has formulated clear policy to promote and support tourism with directly responsible agencies at regional, national, and particularly community levels. The agencies with important role in community tourism include provincial administrative organizations, sub-district administrative organizations or municipalities, and community enterprises. Moreover, local administrative organizations and especially community enterprises also have the authority, duty, and role to promote and manage tourism leading to the development of sustainable tourism. Therefore, the good management of tourism business should grow in parallel with efficient environmental management from all relevant sectors especially community tourism. The management starts from small units including people, community leaders, local administrative organizations, and community enterprises. It will succeed if all stakeholders possess appropriate knowledge, if tourism development is aligned with strategic plans on provincial development, development plans of local administrative organizations, and implementation plans derived from joint planning, cooperation, awareness and conscience of community, organizations in community, and community enterprises. The community enterprises supporting Thailand’s tourism activities are scattered in all regions in the form of grouping of local wisdom, community culture, raw materials, or various resources to increase value added of products and services to generate income to the community. The management of community network for sustainable tourism based on the Green Economy is to study potentials and limitations of Thailand’s tourist destinations, role of participation of community network from tourism management, analyze knowledge and impact from operation, as well as recommendations of the guideline to develop sustainable tourism based on the Green Economy using the base of main resource which is community network allowing one to know about the context of preparedness, potentials, and limitations of community to manage tourism. The research will result in community network with systematic management, network format, or guideline to connect the network of stakeholders, resulting in management of sustainable tourism, and community’s self-reliance. Tourism entrepreneurs, both local and non-local, can use the information to develop tourist destinations in line with national policy. It also benefits those involved in formulation of policy, plans, or products for economic, social, and environmental development by the community in sustainable tourist destinations.

Ideological Manipulation in C-E Translation of the 13th Five-year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China

The Manipulation School argues that the translation study should shift itself from the pure language level to a broader range such as political, cultural or social level. Among several parameters, ideology, poetics and patron are the most important three in manipulation theory. This paper tends to analyze the translation of the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China under the perspective of ideology, which aims to prove the efficiency and feasibility of ideological manipulation for the translation of the 13th Five-Year Plan.

Assessing the dynamics of bifurcation transformations in the economy

The current global economy faces pivotal changes in the system of its organization, which are essentially transforming relations between economic agents, government institutions, and the population of a particular country. Therefore, the study aims to quantitatively assess the level of transformations in the social, economic and political development of some European countries (Ukraine, France, Italy) using bifurcation theory for the period of 2000-2017. The proposed scientific and methodological approach to assessing the level of transformations in the social, economic and political development of a particular country involves the step-wise implementation: 1) the formation of an information base for the study, which involves collecting and testing statistical data for anomaly detection using the Irwin method, and selecting relevant indicators affecting the social, political and economic situation based on the principal component analysis; 2) the normalization of indicators of the political, economic and social situation using the Harrington’s approach; 3) the formation of integral indicators of the social, political and economic situation in the country based on the convolution of normalized indicators; 4) the determination of the dynamic properties of the social, political and economic situation in the country by constructing differential equations, which allows determining the existence of a bifurcation type (saddle, focus, node). The empirical study has shown that the indicator of stability of the political and social sphere of Italy was in disequilibrium and was subject to constant fluctuations. At the same time, the stability indicator of the social and economic component of Italy is characterized by an unstable state; and the external influence of negative factors will lead the system to imbalance. In Ukraine there is a stable political and economic and socioeconomic state of the system, i.e. negative impacts will lead the system to equilibrium and further positive development according to the components of the country. The development of the political and social sphere is characterized by the equilibrium state, and continues to develop according to the acquired tendency. The resulting methodological and practical developments will serve as a guide for the state authorities of the respective country for adjusting current macroeconomic policies and developing strategic plans for social and economic development.

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ГЕОГРАФІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ТУРИСТИЧНО-РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ ХМЕЛЬНИЦЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

The aim of the study is a socio-geographical analysis of the development opportunities of the Khmelnitsky region regional tourist complex; study of social and geographical essence of regional tourist complexes and functioning of Khmelnitsky region tourist-regional complex in the context of Khmelnitsky region territorial organization and complex-proportional development and Ukrainian economy. Methods. The study uses general scientific and special methods of geographical science, namely: formal logic and systematization; mathematical and statistical; comparative geographical analysis; grouping, typing and zoning, cartography. The information base of the research consists of materials of the State statistics service of Ukraine and the Main Department in Khmelnitsky region, as well as abstracts and scientific publications in professional publications. A part of the information is taken from the official plans, strategies and other regulatory documents for the Khmelnytsky region tourism activities development and its administrative-territorial units. Results. The spatial regularities of the Khmelnitsky regional tourist complex are characterized and formulated. Modern problems of development of tourist complex of Khmelnitsky region are investigated; features of a modern state of development of tourist complex of Khmelnitsky region are revealed and disclosed. Theoretical generalizations of the regional tourist complex research of the semi-peripheral region of Ukraine can be used in carrying out the corresponding scientific researches of other similar regions, management of the regional tourist complex in the conditions of social transformations. Scientific novelty. Promising directions of the Khmelnitsky region regional tourist complex development received further development. The socio-geographical study approaches of the regional tourist complex have been improved. The factors analysis of Khmelnitsky tourist-regional complex functioning is carried out. The component, territorial and administrative aspects of the functional structure of the tourist-regional complex of Khmelnitsky region are analyzed on the basis of the structural analysis. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used: for strategic planning of economic and social regional development of semi-peripheral Ukrainian regions; in the development of measures to enhance and improve regional tourist complexes; in determining the priorities for the development of newly United territorial communities; for regional planning and forecasting activities, including the image and attractiveness of new tourist facilities. The obtained scientific results are used in the educational process of future specialists in the field of training "Tourism", with the educational qualification "Tourist expert, organizer of excursion and animation activities" in the teaching of disciplines "Local history and tourism", "Tourist work", "Recreational geography".

The geoportal as strategy for sustainable development

Ecuador is committed to venturing into the local development model based on the adequate use of endogenous resources and human potential in the community scenario; but the lack of reliable information associated with the inventory and availability of these resources in the localities does not favor the integrated participation of local actors in the planning and management of social development. The work shows what is related to the design and proposal of a geoportal for sustainable development in the province of Manabi, Ecuador, based on a geographic information system that provides georeferenced data on inventories of indigenous resources and information related to technological variables that can be applied for its use. The multilayer technical design of the geoweb is exposed, which includes a map server capable of performing the georeferenced data service depending on the user's interest. The concept of development and its evolution up to the present moment is analyzed, exposing the development strategy received by the government in recent years and where an important space is foreseen for the realization of sustainable local development policies. The relevance of geographic information systems and geoweb is analyzed and some examples related to the proposed geoportal are exposed.

Cuba: rupturas e continuidades na construção do socialismo

On the 60th anniversary of its revolution, Cuba experiences the consolidation of important internal changes considered necessary to guarantee the continuity of the socialism construction project. This process has been called Update of the Economic and Social Model of the Revolution. The objective of the paper is to understand this process of updating from its ruptures with previous economic and social strategies, but also from its continuities, given by the commitment of Cuban society to the construction of socialism. the work began by rescuing aspects of the internal and external context that marked the arrival of Cuba in the 1990s and the economic crisis in the country. He then presented a synthesis of the main changes implemented in the island and their economic and social effects and the effort to raise the living conditions of the population during the 2000s with the Batalla de Ideas program. Subsequently, an analysis of the main changes implemented after the approval of the Economic and Social Policy Guidelines of 2011, and their developments in the Conceptualization project of the Economic and Social Model, the National Economic and Social Development Plan for 2030 and the new Constitution.

Perceptions of public health and cross-sectoral collaboration in low SES neighbourhoods in Denmark.

Cross-sectoral interventions in low socio-economic status (SES) neighbourhoods are an important contribution to reducing social inequities in health. This article investigates the health perceptions among professionals from public health, social and place-based initiatives, all working in low SES neighbourhoods in Denmark, and what implications these perceptions have on their work with health promotion and on collaboration between the initiatives. Empirically, we draw on 63 semi-structured interviews with frontline professionals across area-based initiatives (ABIs), social housing development plans (SHDPs) and municipal public health departments (PHDs). Our study shows that professionals across all sectors perceive it as important to work with a broad understanding of health to motivate and reach hard-to-reach groups in low SES neighbourhoods as opposed to a more narrow perspective on health and health promotion focussed on lifestyles and monitoring risks. The aims and practice of ABIs and SHDPs support work in line with a broad understanding of health, whereas frontline workers from the PHDs in practice more often end up applying a more narrow understanding of health. Consequently, real collaboration is infrequent and often confined to the coordination of activities. This limits the possibilities of implementing effective interventions in low SES neighbourhoods to reduce inequities in health. This article claims that there is a greater potential for synergy among different initiatives in low SES neighbourhoods if a broad understanding of health can be applied in practice across sectors.

Chronological Study of Physical Elements of Housing Estate Development Project in Bangkok Metropolitan Region

This research focuses on physical modifications to housing real estate following a period of development in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. The scope of this study encompassed project and dwelling unit scale and analysis of these physical modifications. The study was conducted in three phases; first, a chronological study of housing real estate development according to political, economic, and regulatory factors including the National Economic and Social development plan was performed. The housing real estate development timeline was divided into seven discrete periods from 1957 to 2015. In 1967, the government sector initiated the first housing development project by selling land and dwelling units that became a prototype of housing development for the private sector. The second phase entailed study area selection; areas were screened for average number of dwelling units per year and were selected for those with continued growth across periods. The district selected for physical modification study was the Prawet district, with 16 housing projects therein chosen for analysis. The third phase comprised of analysis the physical elements of the research study area. The study found that the location of new housing projects over this time has shifted from middle-Bangkok to more outer areas. The ratio between common and residential areas by project was approximately 30:70. Physical modifications to dwellings revealed four common types; roof extension, space extension, side extension, or extensions for other purposes. A steady increase in unit width was revealed as well. In conclusion, housing developments have been modified by residents according to their daily needs. Developers should take note of these changes to support a better quality of life for residents in the future.

Deciphering the spatial structure of China's megacity region: A new bay area—The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the making

In 2015, the China State Council in its 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development strategically initiated the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, with emphasis on strengthening its role in economic development and its powerful synergy with the all-important The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in the country and globally. The Greater Bay Area is a unique mega city region situated at the Pearl River Delta, covering the 11 [9 mainland cities +2 special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau)] cities. However, few studies examined the bay area under a unique institutional and economic context. This study aims to examine regional integration and spatial connection that affect the growth and success of the megacity region using network analysis. Particularly, it analyzed the centrality of human movements, traffic flow and railway network through visualization of the results from Tencent (QQ) Location Big Data, railway service and census data. The study reveals that the vital contributor to the formation and success of the Greater Bay Area is its rapid growth of transport infrastructure and capacities, particularly high-speed railway, promoting free flowing of the key factors. Strong spatial and transport connection critically harness regional integration and boosting viable development of the Greater Bay Area. Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong has shaped a triangle structure. The findings provide planning recommendation and policy implications for city planners and policy makers for regional governance and cooperation in mainland China, Hong Kong and worldwide.

REGIONAL ECONOMIC PROBLEMS: LABOR POTENTIAL OF THE FAR EAST DEVELOPMENT

The article deals with the problem of reducing the total population and reducing labor potential in the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation. Among the reasons that influence this process, a relatively low standard of living of the population is identified (lagging behind the average Russian population shares with incomes below the subsistence level, unemployment and access to social benefits), which contributes to an increase in migration outflows. Against the backdrop of a negative coefficient of natural profit, the migration of the able-bodied strata of the population poses a threat to the implementation of the state plan for the long-term social and economic development of the Far East. It has been suggested that the implementation of the “Far Eastern Capital” program is one of the ways to attract highly educated labor resources to the territory of the subjects of the Far-Eastern macroregion. The program envisages the allocation of financial resources that are applied by the population exclusively in the given territory in order to improve their living standards (housing and the opportunity to open their own business), as well as the quality of the educational (and hence labor) potential. The increase in population due to the solution of issues of material and social well-being will contribute to the expansion of domestic effective demand in the Far East. This, in turn, will lead to the successful functioning of the territories of advanced development and special zones of investment attractiveness.

National Digital Library of China: On the Way to the Formation of a Single Cultural and Information Space of the Country

The article examines the experience of the National Library of China (Beijing) on implementation of the National Digital Library Project. There is described the state policy of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on supporting digital library projects and informatization of the library sector, aimed at bridging the digital divide among the population, preservation and promotion of national book heritage, the growth of intellectual potential of the country and increase of its international prestige. The author considers the current state of the National Library of China, the results of its modernization, the projects included in the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the PRC (2016—2020). Special attention is paid to the website of the institution, which presents extensive information on the library life of the country. The role of the National Library of China as the initiator and manager of the National Digital Library Project is shown; the main stages of its implementation are revealed (“Chinese Pilot Digital Library Project”, “China Digital Library Program”, “Digital Library Promotion Project”); the importance of the project in the formation of a single information and library space of the country is determined. The author describes the programs developed by the National Library of China for the implementation of a large-scale “Digital Library Promotion Project”, launched in 2011; the Project provides for the integration of digital resources of more than 3000 public libraries of provincial and municipal levels, ensuring the availability of these resources on the website of the institution from any public library of the country, via the Internet or mobile devices. It is emphasized that studying of the experience of the National Library of China can be relevant for our country and the national libraries involved in the creation of the National Digital Library of Russia.

Analysis on Structural Equation Models for Public Administration Researches

The development in public administration is very important in the present era. Thailand in the transitional era has tried to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public sector especially in the issues of public services and good bureaucratic system covering the quality of government officials, independence level from political pressure including the quality of policy formulation and the policy implementation as well as the credibility of government organizations to follow the policies set forth by the country in accordance with the plan of Thai government's development strategy as the continual result from the fiscal year of 2012 onwards. In addition, as there is the evaluation system of the new government with the emphasis on the integrated results in the effectiveness dimension or the Government Evaluating System altogether, the 5 concepts of quality management in the public sector then cover the quality organizations which are efficient, effective, and increase the competitiveness of the country more. In elevating personnel capacity and efficiency of public administration to have quality standards equaling to international and to strengthen the personnel in the government, the management focuses on making the organization achieve high performance in order to make the personnel available to learn, innovate, change and adapt to situations which are challenged and various properly. There is the need to accelerateencouraging the government agencies to conduct the study and research to apply the research results. The departmental level agencies can improve the quality of management to be effective and strengthen the competitiveness of the country. Based on the importance of the research as mentioned above, it stimulates relevant agencies to find the ways and means to be used in the administration and management of government affairs. Therefore, researches are important. The public agencies conduct the researches and studies to apply the results to the planning and implementation in their agencies. The author will discuss this in the research methodology which can be applied to researches in public administration for the maximum benefits. The results will be beneficial to the overall development of the country leading to peaceful society in consistent with the country development. The 12th National Economic and Social Development Plan enacted from 2016 onwards will continually benefit the beneficiaries; people in the country. This article discusses the quantitative research explaining the writing and how to use advanced statistics in finding the level of structural equation modeling. They are known as SEM. Those who are interested in creating the structural equation model have to realize the importance and details of structural equation modeling in order to create the researches which are complete and can be used further.

Physical and cognitive functions affecting road traffic injuries among senior drivers

BackgroundThe size of elderly populations is growing in most areas of the world. The Thai Eleventh National Economic and Social Development Plan revealed an increase in the elderly, while numbers of younger, working-age adults decreased. Thailand has become an aging society since 2015, which is significant in that senior adults have a higher risk of involvement in motor vehicle accidents and are more susceptible to injuries and fatalities. This study investigated the role of physical and cognitive function with regard to road traffic injury in senior drivers. MethodsA community survey was carried out among people aged 60 years and older in the villages representing four regions of Thailand. Face-to-face interviews and anthropometric measurements were used to gather data including individual characteristics, medical history, risk behaviors, cognitive function and traffic injury within the last 12 months. Associations between risk factors and injury were assessed by the chi-square tests, and comparison of the cognitive function score between the injury and non-injury groups was identified using the independent t-test. ResultsA total of 314 completed questionnaires were used for analysis. Ten percent of respondents had experienced a road traffic injury in the last 12 months. Analysis revealed that level of cognitive function, smoking behavior and been diagnosed with arthritis were associated with road traffic injury incidence in senior drivers (p-value < 0.05). ConclusionResults revealed the potential need for strategies to increase road traffic safety in senior drivers. Special protection should be prioritized for the elderly with physical and cognitive impairment.

Statistical estimation of regional differences in regions of the Russian Federation in terms of educational potential of young generations

Present task in providing regional economy with necessary experts in planning and forecasting of social and economic development is creation of a technique of assessment and monitoring of educational potential of the population. The statistical data, characterizing the demographic structure of the young population of Russia are provided in the paper, regional distinctions from the point of view of the generation groups are revealed. On this basis the rating of regions of Russia is calculated, the main valuable and business characteristics of generational and age groups are considered and compared. Areas of concern for which the rational use of generational approach are revealed and the corresponding recommendations are offered. The purpose of this paper is opportunities’ justification of applying the methodology of rating regions in terms of level of the saved-up educational potential by the younger generations to identify and predict the dynamics of qualitative characteristics of labor, as well as the prospects of its use for the management of the regional development. The methodological basis of the presented paper consists of comparative, economic, statistical and social-cultural methods of analysis. The space-time base of the results of population censuses in Russia in 2002 and 2010 by territorial regions of the Russian Federation, characterizing generational and age structure of youth by the level of the achieved education was collected and statistically processed for the research. As the part of the presentation of this paper, the authors proposed an algorithm for comparative analysis of the educational potential of young people by regions of the Russian Federation and a typological grouping was carried out. The value of regional differences in regions in terms of the educational potential of young generations is showed in the growing role of in-country migration of the population, as evidenced by the spatial relationship with the level of development of the system of higher professional education in the observed period. Conclusion. The proposed approach and research results can be useful for analysis and planning of social and economic development of regions by various state bodies at the Federal and regional levels, as well as by private investors.

Earlier Communication or Admission? Impact of Interhospital Transfer on the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke in a County Hospital in China

Background: Interhospital transfer is associated with significant treatment delays and worse clinical outcomes for AIS patients. Obtaining informed consent from patients results in treatment delay. However, there are few studies concerning referral delays and communication time in patients first enrolled in community hospitals and then transferred to county hospitals in China's county-level cities. We included AIS patients who received rt-PA or MT at our stroke center via either interhospital transfer or direct presentation and compared the clinical outcomes and time metrics between the direct presentation and transfer patients to analyze the impact of interhospital transfer delays in county-level cities and the time to obtain informed consent on AIS treatment. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with AIS admitted to our stroke center from March 2014 to February 2018. Patients treated with rt-PA and MT were classified into the transfer and direct groups. We collected their general information and time points. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine differences in the clinical outcomes and time metrics between these groups. Results: A total of 160 patients were enrolled; 119 patients received IV-rt-PA (transfer group, n=28; direct group, n=91), and 44 received MT (transfer group, n=14; direct group, n=14). For the rt-PA, rt-PA (NIHSS scores ≥5) and MT subgroups, the baseline characteristics were mostly similar between the direct and transfer groups. Among patients treated with rt-PA, the direct group had shorter onset-to-door times and higher initial NIHSS scores and NIHSS scores on discharge but longer door-to-stroke unit, stroke unit-to-rt-PA (representing the time to obtain informed consent) and DNT times than did the transfer group. There were no significance differences in onset-to-IV-rt-PA times. Among patients with NIHSS scores ≥5 treated with rt-PA, the direct group had shorter onsetto-door times but longer door-to-stroke unit, stroke unit-to-rt-PA and DNT times. There were no significant differences in onset-to-IV-rt-PA times, initial NIHSS scores or NIHSS scores on discharge. Among patients treated with MT, the direct group had shorter onset-to-door time but longer door-to-stroke unit, stroke unit-to-puncture and door-to-puncture times.There were no significance differences in onset-to-puncture times, initial NIHSS scores and NIHSS scores on discharge. Conclusions Our research confirmed that in a stroke center of a county-level city hospital, the time to obtain informed consent delayed intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular treatment in AIS patients. Interhospital transfers effectively reduced the time to obtain informed consent, and overlapping communication and transit times provided positive significance of the referral. Cooperation should be established with community hospitals and ambulances to allow simultaneous communication and transit to reduce the AIS onset-to-treatment time. Funding: This work was funded by the Guidance plan for social development of Taizhou Municipal Science and Technology (ssf20160141). The funder had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, writing of the report, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Conflict of Interest: None of the authors report a conflict of interest. Ethical Approval Statement: The study was approved by the medical ethics committee of Jingjiang People’s Hospital.