INTRODUCTION: Abusive Head Trauma (AHT) is a leading cause of preventable pediatric death in the United States, with mortality rates as high as 30. Although population-based studies implicate the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH), “the conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age,” as risk factors for AHT mortality, patient-level series have not been widely reported. Examining patient-level SDOH data could provide valuable information for targeted interventions to prevent AHT mortality. METHODS: We included children <5 years with expert-confirmed AHT at our freestanding children's hospital from 3/2018-2/2021. Demographic, social, and clinical data were excerpted. Pediatric neuroradiologists reviewed imaging. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted with RStudio. RESULTS: Of 103 patients with AHT, 19 (18.4%) died and 84 (82.6%) survived. The cohorts were demographically similar. Housing status was not significantly different. Prior interactions with a social worker (11% vs 19%), Child Protective Services (42% vs. 32%), and law enforcement (44% vs. 32%) were frequently observed but not significantly different. Health access measures including insurance status and established care with a pediatrician were similar. Deceased children were more likely to have mothers who were jobless 64% vs. 40%, p = 0.042). Mothers of deceased children were younger (22 vs. 25 years, p = 0.038). Clinically, a strong association was observed between in-hospital mortality and injury severity on presentation (Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, Abbreviated Injury Scale), intubation, presence of hypoxic-ischemic injury, and percent of hospitalization in the intensive care unit. Frequency of neurosurgical intervention was equal between cohorts (32% vs. 23%, p = 0.39). CONCLUSION: Adverse SDOH were observed frequently in both cohorts, often at levels far exceeding state and national averages. Children who died from AHT were more likely to have younger, unemployed mothers.