Social Demographic Characteristics Research Articles

Trends in Revision ACL Reconstruction: Analysis of 257 Procedures

Background. Despite the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) is considered to be routine and successful procedure the burden of patients who needs revision surgery is growing worldwide.
 Purpose to describe the gender and social-demographic characteristics of this cohort of patients, analyze the reasons leading to revision ACL-R (re-ACL-R), estimate survival-ship of primary procedure as well as highlight clinically relative aspects of revision surgery.
 Methods. The database of Vreden Orthopaedic Center for the period from 01.01.2011 to 31.12.2021 searched for patients admitted for re-ACL-R. 234 patients (257 knees) agreed to take part in the study. Patient records with surgery reports, clinical exams and PROMs were analyzed.
 Results. There was a tendency to annual increase of re-ACL-R while the time between primary and revision procedures was just 4.0 years in average. Young males dominated among re-ACL-R cohort (75.2%, 31.0 years). The acute trauma prevailed over other reasons of ACL-R failure however, it was absent in 39.1% of cases. Patients who injured performing sports were significantly younger than the rest of the cohort (p = 0.005). Allografts were the most popular choice both for first re-ACL-R (53.0%) and re-revision ACL-R (60.9%). Interestingly that majority of re-ACL-R were performed in one stage while two-staged approach implemented only in 4.3% of cases.
 Conclusion. The main cause for re-ACL-R is repeated injury but significant percentage of patients develops recurrence of instability without trauma in middle-term period after ACL-R. Therefore to reduce the numbers of re-ACL-R both the proper post-op sport injury prevention program and improvement of surgical technique are of the same importance.

Stroke in young adults, stroke types and risk factors: a case control study

BackgroundStroke is the second leading cause of death above the age of 60 years, and the fifth leading cause in people aged 15 to 59 years old as reported by the World Health Organization global burden of diseases. Stroke in the young is particularly tragic because of the potential to create long-term disability, burden on the victims, their families, and the community at large. Despite this, there is limited data on stroke in young adults, and its risk factors in Uganda. Therefore, we determined the frequency and risk factors for stroke among young adults at Mulago hospital.MethodsA case control study was conducted among patients presenting consecutively to the general medical wards with stroke during the study period September 2015 to March 2016. A brain Computerized Tomography scan was performed to confirm stroke and classify the stroke subtype. Controls were patients that presented to the surgical outpatient clinic with minor surgical conditions, matched for age and sex. Social demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics were assessed for both cases and controls. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviation were used to describe the social demographics of case and controls as well as the stroke types for cases. To determine risk factors for stroke, a conditional logistic regression, which accounts for matching (e.g., age and sex), was applied. Odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval) was used as a measure for associations.ResultsAmong 51 patients with stroke, 39(76.5%) had ischemic stroke and 12(23.5%) had hemorrhagic stroke. The mean age was 36.8 years (SD 7.4) for stroke patients (cases) and 36.8 years (SD 6.9) for controls. Female patients predominated in both groups 56.9% in cases and 52.9% in controls. Risk factors noted were HIV infection, OR 3.57 (95% CI 1.16–10.96), elevated waist to hip ratio, OR 11.59(95% CI 1.98–68.24) and sickle cell disease, OR 4.68 (95% CI 1.11–19.70). This study found a protective effect of oral contraceptive use for stroke OR 0.27 95% CI 0.08–0.87. There was no association between stroke and hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.ConclusionAmong young adults with stroke, ischemic stroke predominated over hemorrhagic stroke. Risk factors for stroke were HIV infection, elevated waist to hip ratio and sickle cell disease.

Silver linings of the Covid-19 pandemic… for some! Comparing Experiences and Social demographic characteristics of autistic and non-autistic children with SEND in England

Several studies on the impact of Covid-19 on children’s wellbeing have been published, including for those with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities. However, limited evidence is available on who these children may be, their socioeconomic background, age, gender or type of school attended. This study examines the role of socio-demographic characteristics on the experiences of Autistic Children, compared to non-Autistic children, to assess the detrimental impact of the pandemic, but also potential silver linings. Primary-school aged Autistic children were more likely to mention a silver lining (for mental health), as well as younger non-Autistic children from more affluent backgrounds. Similar effects were observed for older non-Autistic boys with special needs attending mainstream settings (regarding physical health).

Correlates of treatment seeking in individuals with social anxiety disorder: Findings from a nationally representative sample

Despite the availability of well-established and efficacious treatments for social anxiety disorder, most socially anxious individuals do not seek treatment and those who do often suffer for years before seeking treatment. A more comprehensive understanding of the factors related to treatment seeking for social anxiety disorder is needed. This study utilized the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III), a large representative U.S. adult sample, to examine the relationships between treatment seeking for social anxiety disorder and demographic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidities, social anxiety disorder symptomatology, and specific feared situations. Socially anxious individuals (n = 1,255) were identified using DSM-V criteria and treatment seeking was measured by either seeking help from a professional or being prescribed medication for social anxiety disorder symptoms. Results indicate key relationships between treatment seeking and age as well as comorbid anxiety disorders. Importantly, this study found that specific feared situations such as fear of small groups (AOR = 1.78) and speaking in social gatherings (AOR = 1.66), and specific social anxiety disorder symptoms such as panic attacks (AOR = 2.92) were significantly and uniquely associated with increased treatment seeking for social anxiety disorder.

Rural-Urban Migration, Childbearing Decision-Making, Fertility and Contraceptive Perspectives of Street Adolescents and Youth in Kampala, Uganda.

IntroductionThis paper aims to describe and assess social demographic factors associated with childbearing decision-making, fertility and contraceptive intentions among street adolescents and youth in Kampala, Uganda while considering rural-urban migration as an explanatory factor.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 513 adolescents and youth aged 12–24 years self-identifying as street adolescents and youth were interviewed with a structured questionnaire in 2019. Street adolescents and youth who migrated from other rural districts to Kampala were compared with those from the city. Logistic regression was performed to assess associations between the independent factors and personal childbearing decision-making, fertility and contraceptive intentions.ResultsOverall, 80.31% of the street adolescents and youth had a rural-urban migration experience. Fifty six percent (56.32%) of the street adolescents and youth made personal childbearing decisions, 94.15% expressed intentions to have children in the future and 42.88% expressed intentions to use contraceptives in the future. Intentions to use contraceptives were significantly higher among males (58.75%) than females (20.00%), and higher among migrants (65.91%) compared to non-migrants (34.09%). Contraceptive intentions were positively associated with self-perceived permanent residential status (aOR = 10.26, 2.70–39.08), intra-urban mobility (aOR = 4.99, 95%CI 1.50–6.59) and intentions to migrate to other towns within the country (aOR = 5.33, 95%CI 1.59–17.80). Being married (aOR = 0.13, 95%CI 0.02–0.85), a large shelter population size (aOR = 0.13, 95%CI 0.03–0.63) and having repeat migrations between the city and home district (aOR = 0.23, 95%CI 0.05–0.94), including migration-associated challenges reduced the odds of street youth's personal childbearing decision-making, while belonging to a social support group increased the odds of childbearing decision-making. We found no significant association between social demographic characteristics and fertility intentions.DiscussionFactors that influenced personal childbearing decision-making and contraceptive intentions among street adolescents and youth in Kampala operate mainly at the interpersonal and community levels, with marital status, shelter population size, rural-urban migration and its associated challenges associated with childbearing decision-making. Interventions to promote childbearing decision-making and contraceptive use among street adolescents and youth should take into consideration their migration and intra-urban mobility patterns.

SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections: Incidence and Risk Factors in a Large European Multicentric Cohort of Health Workers.

Background: The research aimed to investigate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and their determinants in a large European cohort of more than 60,000 health workers. Methods: A multicentric retrospective cohort study, involving 12 European centers, was carried out within the ORCHESTRA project, collecting data up to 18 November 2021 on fully vaccinated health workers. The cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections was investigated with its association with occupational and social–demographic characteristics (age, sex, job title, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, antibody titer levels, and time from the vaccination course completion). Results: Among 64,172 health workers from 12 European health centers, 797 breakthrough infections were observed (cumulative incidence of 1.2%). The primary analysis using individual data on 8 out of 12 centers showed that age and previous infection significantly modified breakthrough infection rates. In the meta-analysis of aggregated data from all centers, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and the standardized antibody titer were inversely related to the risk of breakthrough infection (p = 0.008 and p = 0.007, respectively). Conclusion: The inverse correlation of antibody titer with the risk of breakthrough infection supports the evidence that vaccination plays a primary role in infection prevention, especially in health workers. Cellular immunity, previous clinical conditions, and vaccination timing should be further investigated.

Psychological Distress Factors among Caregivers of Children Receiving Cancer Therapy, at Muhimbili National Hospital.

Psychological distress is a major problem among caregivers of patients with chronic illness such as cancer. Psychological distress in caregivers affects the provision of healthcare services. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and factors contributing to psychological distress among caregivers of children receiving cancer treatment at Muhimbili National Hospital. A cross sectional hospital-based study was done. Questionnaires were used to collect information on socio demographic characteristics and psychological support while Hopkins Symptoms Checklist 25 was used to determine psychological distress. The association between the socio demographic characteristics, psychological support and psychological distress was determined using logistic regression analysis (univariate and multivariate analysis) and p values of less than 0.05 were considered significant. Prevalence of psychological distress was 64 (66.7%) among 96 caregivers interviewed while the proportion of psychological support was 71 (74%.) The social demographic characteristics were not associated with psychological distress. Psychological support from family member was protective against psychological distress (p=0.025, OR=0.047, CI 0.003-0.686) while other means of psychological support and self-copying mechanism to psychological distress were not associated with psychological distress. The prevalence of psychological distress was high despite the high proportion of psychological support. Socio demographic characteristics had no association with psychological distress. Psychological support from family member was protective against psychological distress. Further studies are needed to assess the social cultural aspect, content and context of psychological support.

Social Demographic Characteristics and Teachers’ Performance in Government Aided Secondary Schools: Evidence from Uganda

In this study, we aimed at examining the association between social demographic characteristics of teachers and their performance in government-aided secondary school Kasese district southwestern Uganda.

Exploring variables affecting sense of coherence and social support in recovery after colorectal cancer surgery among the oldest old

ObjectiveTo explore the associations between sense of coherence, perceived social support, and demographic and clinical characteristics among survivors ≥80 years treated for curable colorectal cancer. MethodsThis exploratory, cross-sectional survey investigates 56 individuals surgically treated for stage I-III colorectal cancer between one and five years prior. Statistical analysis permitted exploration of associations between sense of coherence, perceived social support, and demographic- and clinical variables. ResultsLower sense of coherence was associated with higher age, limitations in physical function, and the need for homecare nursing. Lower perceived social support was associated with re-admission, higher age at time of surgery, and male gender. No correlations were found between sense of coherence and perceived social support. ConclusionThe results are important for healthcare professionals to consider when dealing with older people who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer, especially in the discharge process to facilitate optimal follow-up care and recovery.

Adherence and Counselling on Antiretroviral Regimen: A Cross-sectional Study of Adults’ Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital

Objective: Antiretroviral therapy is an effective technique for controlling virus spread and extending the lives of those who are infected. The focus of the research was to look at the link with compliance and counseling in HIV-infected people at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken on 103 HIV-infected people who had been taking ART for more than 6 months at the hospital. The study employed a basic random sampling approach, which provided each participant with an equal opportunity to participate. Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 22 was used to evaluate the quantitative data. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to characterize patients' social-demographic characteristics. To explore about a linkage with adherence and counseling, correlation was used.
 Results: Data of the study was analyzed with SPSS using correlation. Based on the results, the study discovered a substantial linear link between counseling and antiretroviral medication adherence, with a Pearson r correlation of .318 and a significant linear of.001.
 Conclusion: This implies that a counseling session might aid in the understanding of facts provided regarding the infection and medicine, as well as in adhering to the regimen prescribed. In addition, aids in the minimization of the fear of stigmatization.

Microbial Contamination on Mobile Phones of Health-care Workers at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern India

Background: The use of mobile phones (MPs) in hospital halls, laboratories, intensive care units, and operating rooms is a common practice. There are no proper guidelines for the disinfection of MPs that meet hospital standards. This study investigated the bacterial contamination on MPs of health-care workers employed in tertiary healthcare Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir.” Materials and Methods: One-hundred and fifty-five health-care workers (57 doctors, 50 nurses, 35 technical staff, and 21 other employees) were included in a cross-sectional study performed from January 2018 to June 2018 at the SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Social demographic characteristics (such as gender and occupation) and cell phone-related questions were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire (e.g., frequency of MP disinfection and use of the MP at work). Sample collection and processing were done correctly to avoid any bias. Results: Majority (79%) were working in different wards of the institute, followed by (51%) working in different laboratories and (8%) working in intensive care settings. The majority of the participants (42%) said they used their phone less than ten times per day; 33% said they used it 10–20 times/day. In terms of disinfection, 107 (69%) of the participants cleaned their MP occasionally, 31 (20%) never cleansed their phone, and just 17 (11%) regularly disinfected their phone. Out of 155 MPs sampled, 125 (80.6%) showed microbial growth, and 30 (19.4%) were free of microbial growth. Out of the total 125 positive samples, 51 (40.8%) were Gram-positive bacilli (which was considered as airborne contamination), 36 (28.8%) were Gram-positive cocci (GPC), 25 (20%) Gram-negative bacilli, 11 (8.8%) were mixed growth, and 2 (1.6%) were yeasts. Out of 36 GPC, Staphylococcus aureus was predominant, i.e., 15 (41.6%), followed by Enterococcus spp. 12 (33.3%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci spp. 7 (19.4%), and Streptococci spp. 2 (5.5%). Conclusion: Almost all MPs were contaminated, with more than half of them harboring pathogenic microorganisms. It could pose a significant risk to both health-care personnel and patients in the form of nosocomial infections.

Tree to predict if students want to continue with their high school studies by implementing machine learning

The timely identification of students who do not wish to continue their high school studies is a problem that should be addressed urgently since it is possible to recognize those factors that are determining their decision, through the psychologists of the educational institutions can offer personalized advice to each student. To address this problem, a decision tree was developed using machine learning techniques to predict whether students are interested in continuing with their high school studies, a data set of student performance in secondary education was implemented. The data attributes include social demographic characteristics and are related to two schools, collected through school reports and questionnaires.

Age as an element of the social portrait of the juvenile participant in the criminal process

Social-demographic characteristics of the individual and social groups are studied by many natural, social sciences and humanities. One of the most important characteristics is age which reflects the degree of physiological, psychological and social maturity; therefore, it is considered by sociological and legal sciences which rely on its statistical estimates in sociological, criminological and forensic research. Age characteristics are important for legislative and law enforcement activities, in the prevention of social deviations. Age characteristics, for example, of persons who broke the law, are used in the social portrait of crime, which reflects the social-group stratification and emphasizes the most significant features of the social group consisting of persons with deviant consciousness and behavior, i.e. allows to classify criminals. The study of juvenile delinquency helps to identify the features, conditions and trends of such crimes, i.e., to assess the reproduction of crime due to its youth part. Such studies have a pronounced victimological orientation and describe not only the personality type of the juvenile criminal, but also the personality type of the victim of a criminal assault, which has not only cognitive, but also practical significance - for developing measures for combating and preventing crimes. The article focuses on the age characteristics of juveniles participating in the criminal process in the status of accused, victims and witnesses. The authors emphasize that the investigation of such crimes faces difficulties due to the age characteristics of this social-demographic group; therefore, the knowledge of the typology of juveniles (their agerelated psycho-physiological and socio-moral characteristics) is the key to establishing contact with them and, accordingly, to choosing the best methods for obtaining the most complete and truthful information. This conclusion is confirmed not only by the publications of other authors, but also by the data of criminal cases and sociological surveys of investigators, experts, judges and juveniles participating in the investigation of crimes.

P-739 Social and treatment characteristics of women with Uterine Fibroid (UF) with/without Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (HMB), in a commercially insured US population

Abstract Study question Are there differences in patient’s social demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics among patients diagnosed with HMB and/or UF? Summary answer Baseline characteristics were similar across all UF-status defined-groups. Differences were observed in education, net-worth and 12-monthfollow-up characteristics. Nearly 60% were prescribed pain meds pre-diagnosis. What is known already Uterine leiomyomas (or fibroids) are benign neoplasm that affect women of reproductive age1. In the US, treatment for UF is individualized, dependent on size and location of the fibroids, patient profile, symptom severity and type of diagnosis. Patients may be diagnosed with HMB before UF (HMB-UF), diagnosed with UF first and then HMB (UF-HMB), diagnosed with only HMB (HMB-Only) or UF only (UF-Only). Previous studies indicated that the majority (70%) of women received no prescription medications regardless of surgery status and 40% had pain at time of diagnosis.2,3 Study design, size, duration Our retrospective real-world observational study included 295,400 women across four cohorts between 10/1/2012 -12/31/2020. The majority (96,961; 44%) had HMB-Only, 46,763 (21%) UF-Only, 35,421 (16%) HMB-UF, and 40,806 (19%) UF-HMB. Patients required 12 months continuous enrollment before index date (earlier of HMB or UF diagnosis date based on cohorts) and 12-months of follow-up unless hysterectomy was observed before 12 months. Surgical and pharmacologic agents explored were based on ACOG guidelines for UF. Participants/materials, setting, methods Optum® Socio-Economic Status claims database was used to identify newly diagnosed women 18-55 years old with UF and/or HMB claims, without history of conservative/radical surgery or non-dermatological cancers. Descriptive analyses were performed for patients’ social demographics and treatment characteristics during pre- and post-index period. Main results and the role of chance Across all cohorts, During the 12-month follow-up, nearly 80% of patients used at least 1 prescribed pain medication compared to nearly 60% at baseline. The increase in pain medication use was mainly driven by increase in NSAIDs, opioids, analgesics, and anti-migraine in all cohorts except HMB-O (Opioids: baseline 24-30% to follow up 41-55%; NSAIDs: 20-21% to 44-53%; analgesics: 6-8% to 19%-33%; anti-migraine: 8-11% to 16-29%). Limitations, reasons for caution True incidence of index claims are difficult to estimate. Over-the-counters medications or claims made outside the study period are not captured. Pain medication may be unrelated to UF-associated pain. Findings only reflect the commercially insured population and may not be generalizable. Claims data provide limited clinical profile and prescribing rationales. Wider implications of the findings The majority of the patients in these cohorts experienced pain and were prescribed opioids. Determining the link between the use of pain medication and symptoms of UF and HMB is important, as pain medications do not address HMB. Trial registration number Not applicable

Association of social factors and health conditions with capacity and performance.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE Determine and measure the association of social factors and health conditions with worse capacity and performance levels.METHODS Dependent variables consisted of performance and capacity; independent variables comprised age, gender, level of education, personal income, and health conditions. Means (95%CI) of performance and capacity were presented according to the independent variables. Generalized linear models, using a mutual adjustment for all variables considered statistically significant (p < 0.05), measured the associations between each exposure and outcomes. Study population included 12,265 individuals.RESULTS Older women with lower education and income levels and with some health condition showed the worst performance and capacity.CONCLUSION Results showed that the capacity and performance levels of the Chilean population changed according to social demographic characteristics and health conditions.

Study of Perceptions of Social Media Users Regarding Digital Ethics

This study aims to determine: 1) an overview of the social demographic characteristics of social media users, 2) knowledge of social media users regarding digital ethics, and 3) perceptions of social media users regarding digital ethics from the social media they use. The method of collecting data in the field is a survey using a questionnaire distributed to respondents online with the help of google forms and sampling is done by purposive sampling, with a total sample of 250 respondents. The variables used in this study include: demographic and social characteristics, user knowledge of ethics in the use of social media, and user perceptions of ethics in the use of social media. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis. The description of the knowledge of social media users regarding digital ethics includes the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE) and the regulations and sanctions contained in the ITE Law, it was found that most respondents stated they knew, while there was a large percentage of respondents answered that expressed Doubtful and didn't know, as well as a small percentage of answers: knew very well and didn't really know. Respondents' perceptions of digital ethics include privacy and security, ethics in posting on social media, cyber bullying, Hoax, plagiarism, End-User piracy, Software Piracy, Unauthorized Use, Hackers, Terms of use, Personnel security, Fair Use, it was obtained that the outline has a positive perception and only a small percentage of respondents have a negative perception.

Public attitudes to Sputnik V vaccination against the novel COVID 19 infection the role of the social-demographic characteristics and pandemic COVID-19 individual experience issues and their implementation as the targets for brief psychosocial intervention

IntroductionVaccination has proved to be an effective tool in decreasing infectious diseases incidence and their mortality rate. Negative public vaccine attitude can significantly undermine efforts to combat the pandemic that makes vaccine hesitancy one of the WHO main concernsObjectivesExamination of the relationships in population between vaccine attributes and COVID-19 personal experience, social and demographic characteristicsMethodsCohort cross-sectional study of the population attitude to vaccination against coronavirus infection COVID-19 was performed online during the first 2 months of mass vaccination in Russia, using the special designed questionnaire assessing social demographic variables, COVID-19 related factors, and preferable sources of information about COVID-19 vaccines. 4977 participants in the age from 18 to 81 years were enrolled in the study to vaccination against coronavirus infection COVID-19 was performed online during the first 2 months of mass vaccination in Russia, using the special designed questionnaire assessing social demographic variables, COVID-19 related factors, and preferable sources of information about COVID-19 vaccines .Results34.2% of respondents consider vaccination useful. 31.1% ‑ doubt its effectiveness. 9.9% ‑ consider vaccination unnecessary. 12.2% ‑ dangerous. indifference to vaccination was formed in 7.4% of respondents. They indicated that they do not plan to be vaccinated. 32.3%. postpones their decision until more remote data on the results and effectiveness of vaccination are obtained ‑ 34.0%. were vaccinated at the time of the study ‑ 11.6%.ConclusionsAttitude towards vaccination depends on age, gender, education, fear of possible complications, coronaphobia. Young people are less focused on vaccination than middle-aged and older people.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Step up to health, Nigeria! utilizing information from abuja's world cancer day walks for equity-based cancer prevention interventions.

e22508 Background: Abuja, Nigeria’s annual World Cancer Day Walk (WCDW) is a tool for promoting public awareness of cancer risk factors, preventative lifestyle strategies, and the importance of early screening as critical elements of prevention and control. The day includes physical activities (walk, race, ride, skate, cycle, marathon), as well as health education and free breast cancer, cervical, and prostate screenings. The effectiveness of the event to attract the most vulnerable Nigerian populations has not been studied. Aim: To determine the social-demographic characteristics of participants and evaluate the impact of outreach campaigns. Methods: Approximately 2,000 Nigerians attended Abuja WCDW on February 1, 2020. A similar number attended Abuja WCDW on February 5, 2022. Trained research assistants recruited participants to complete a one-sheet questionnaire that assessed basic demographic, social, and lifestyle information. Participants were given informed consent. In 2020, 237 (11%) participants, aged 18-68 years voluntarily completed survey (ClinicalTrials #NCT04248881). In 2022, 111 (6%), aged 17-74 years voluntarily completed survey (ClinicalTrials #NCT05239325). Note: In 2021, Abuja WCDW was canceled due to COVID. Results: In 2020, the mean age for participants was 28; SD 7.71. Sixty-eight percent were women. Eighty-seven percent had at least an undergraduate education. Of the 237 participants, 65% reported that they attended to obtain free cancer screening. More than 50% reported they had no health insurance. Of those insured, more had National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) than private insurance. The average body mass index (BMI) was between 24-28; BMI was highest among the mid-20 age group. Lifestyle data revealed more men than women were concerned with their health; those with health worries were more likely to have had cancer screening at the event. The 2022 WCDW data were being analyzed at the time of abstract submission; findings will be presented at the meeting. Analysis: Data from 2020 revealed participants are predominately associated with a lower risk of developing cancer. They have higher levels of knowledge about cancer and lifestyle/health-related behaviors beneficial for early detection and prevention. WCDW is a great avenue for cancer awareness/lifestyle prevention interventions yet there is an urgent need to evaluate efficacy of current outreach to target underserved members of Nigerian population: those with lower levels of education, unemployed, lower income, and without insurance. Conclusions: Attendees in 2020 are younger people of higher socioeconomic status with lifestyle practices that could reduce cancer risk. If our 2022 data are similar, we must elaborate better strategies to reach populations at greater risk and encourage them to attend future events to have more impactful lifestyle/prevention outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT05239325.

Assessment knowledge and attitude among caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders

Psychiatric disorders are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a “developmental disorder” that is marked by social communication and interaction difficulties, as well as repetitive or restricted activities and interests.The study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of caregivers and to find out the relationship between the social demographic characteristics and knowledge &amp; attitude of caregivers of child suffering from ASD. The current study has used a descriptive design assess knowledge and attitude among caregivers of children with ASD. Between the 1st of December 2021 and the 2nd of February 2022, this research has been carried out among the caregivers of children with the ASD in Iraq / Najaf, both in the rural and urban areas. A non-probability purposive sample of (52) caregivers were selected from the Imam Hussein Autism Center (IHAC) along with (37) and (15) samples from Imam Ali Institute in Najaf city. The caregivers between the ages of 27 and 36 (46.2%), female caregivers (61.5%) those who are graduated in institute and college (28.8 %) and those with secondary school (28.8 %)

Social-Ecological Correlates of Social Isolation as a Structural Indicator of Social Connectedness Among Young Adult U.S. Males.

We examined the intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and societal correlates of a structural indicator of social connectedness (ie, social isolation) among a sample of young adult U.S. males. Cross-sectional. Setting: Online survey. Males (n = 495) aged 18-25years residing in the U.S. Social isolation was assessed as an index measure of social integration (inverse scored). The correlates consisted of the following variables: 1) intrapersonal (eg, social-demographic characteristics), 2) interpersonal (eg, adverse childhood experiences; marital status), 3) community (eg, county-level mental distress rates), and 4) societal (eg, how powerful is society's image of the 'masculine man'). Four-block hierarchical regression. The intra- and interpersonal variables significantly shared 17% and an incremental 5%, respectively, of the explained variance in social isolation. Several intra- (eg, financial vulnerability β = -2.76, [95% CI: -4.40, -1.13]) and inter-personal (ie, childhood household dysfunction β = -.66, [95% CI: -1.18, -.14]) factors were significantly associated with greater social isolation. Four intrapersonal factors (eg, gay or bisexual β = 2.31, [95% CI: .29, 4.33]) were significantly associated with lower social isolation. The current study's findings have important implications for understanding and shaping social connectedness in young adult U.S. males, with micro-level influences potentially being most important in predicting social isolation in this population.