Social Contest Research Articles

Emotions and Caregiver’s Needs in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: The Caregiver Burden

The burden on the caregiver patients with Alzheimer disease need assistance and supervision in their daily activities. In literature, the term “burden” has been used to indicate the overload of work experienced by the caregiver. In our country, the patient’s domiciliary “take-care system” is based firstly on the family support together with the supply of health care providers and home care professionals provided by the National Health System. Caregivers of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients are usually subjected to enormous physical and mental stress, as well as emotional, which may have repercussions on personal, familiar and social contest and, consequently, on life’s quality [1]. The aim of our study was to investigate caregiver’s burden “predicting factors” and evaluates to improve the quality of their caregivers.

Concerning Patriotic Education of Youth in the Educational Environment of the University

The article outlines the relevance of civic-patriotic education of student youth in new socio-political realities. The purpose of the study to develop a model for organizing a competition (festival) of social advertising, to determine its communicative potential in the system of educational work of the university. To do this, it draws on materials from both domestic and international scientists, as well as examples of successful social contests and festivals held in Russian society. Over the course of the study, the dynamics of patriotic sentiments in Russian society were also defined. Determined are the features and significance of higher educational institutions as resource centres for the development of a patriotic culture and enhancing its significance for young people. The practices of patriotic education in the country’s higher education system have been investigated. The necessity of using innovative technologies and tools for creating a communicative environment of patriotic education along with traditional classes is substantiated. It is determined that the inclusion of sociocultural design in the educational process meets a request of a modern student for proactive learning. The educational and educative potential of competitive and festival activities is analysed. As a tool for helping students develop their value orientations, a model for organizing and running social advertising competitions is proposed. The emphasis is on the need to attract students to the direct organisation of competitive events. The necessity of popularising the results of competitions both by the organisers, partners and direct participants is substantiated. It is concluded that student participation in social advertising competitions and festivals contributes to the development of constructive patriotism, as well as the formation of civic responsibility and youth social activity. The prospects for further research are established.

Streets, Suites, and States: John Hagan’s Contributions to the Study of Law, Power, and Inequality

We start this special issue with two perspectives. First, that the sociological study of crime and law often intersects with the study of inequality, power, the state, and life chances. Second, that the study of crime and law are deeply interconnected—institutionally, politically, and culturally. Legal institutions build on normative ideas, organizations, careers, and power to govern, to criminalize, and to punish (and, conversely, to ignore or absolve), and everyday understandings of crime are deeply tied to cultural understandings of legality, perceptions of justice and injustice, and hopes for everyday life. Law and crime are thus dynamically tied to social aspirations, fears, and divisions, and are political and social contests over what unites and what divides societies.

Deference in Competition: Deference Dynamics in Social Contests

Deference in Competition: Deference Dynamics in Social Contests

The language of social media contests: A lexical analysis of contests across social platforms

Contests play an important role in social media content created and facilitated by users generally, and by brands and marketers specifically, in the drive for continued communicative engagement and online participation. This study assesses the language of social media contests by capturing more than 30,000 social media posts relating to contests, and performing a lexical analysis on them to identify major linguistic themes. The findings reveal a mixture of persuasive language tropes, gratitude linkages and platform-specific behaviour across social media contest posts. Implications include the utilisation of social contest language for brand strategy.

Neural mechanism underlying depressive-like state associated with social status loss

Downward social mobility is a well-known mental risk factor for depression, but its neural mechanism remains elusive. Here, by forcing mice to lose against their subordinates in a non-violent social contest, we lower their social ranks stably and induce depressive-like behaviors. These rank-decline-associated depressive-like behaviors can be reversed by regaining social status. Invivo fiber photometry and single-unit electrophysiological recording show that forced loss, but not natural loss, generates negative reward prediction error (RPE). Through the lateral hypothalamus, the RPE strongly activates the brain's anti-reward center, the lateral habenula (LHb). LHb activation inhibits the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that controls social competitiveness and reinforces retreats in contests. These results reveal the core neural mechanisms mutually promoting social status loss and depressive behaviors. The intertwined neuronal signaling controlling mPFC and LHb activities provides a mechanistic foundation for the crosstalk between social mobility and psychological disorder, unveiling a promising target for intervention.

The British State as Hotel Occupier on the Home Front, 1914-1922: A Model for Comparing Experiences in the Wartime Hospitality Sector

This article presents a model and method for investigating hotels on the British home front during and after the First World War. It explores the roles of hotels and other places of commercial accommodation in wartime—as shapers of the contours of conflict and its aftermath, as well as conduits for, and sites of, political, economic and social contest. In so doing, it adopts an innovative and influential theoretical model used for exploring the roles of hotels in more recent conflicts developed by Fregonese and Ramadan (2015). The wider study highlights how hotels were implicated within the infrastructure of war and details how the machinery of the British central government grappled with programmes of hotel requisition, adaptation and compensation. In particular, it argues for the value of identifying establishments and districts in which hotels were enrolled for wartime uses and outlines a project that is systematically comparing their functions and operations in wartime and the transition to peace.

Male plumage signal expression is related to feather corticosterone concentration in the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca

Male signals may express the capacity to sustain environmental challenges. In some migratory birds like the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, plumage ornaments are molted in the winter quarters shortly before spring migration while most feathers are replaced shortly after the breeding season in the breeding areas. The concentration of corticosterone in feathers (CORTf) may relate to baseline CORT levels at the time of molt which could be expressed through plumage signals. Male Pied Flycatchers present white patches on forehead feathers and tertials which are molted before spring migration and on secondaries and primaries replaced after breeding. They also express a variable degree of melanisation of head and back feathers molted in the wintering areas. All these plumage traits have been previously shown to function in social contests and/or mate attraction. Here we have collected tertials on the two wings and two tail feathers, molted in wintering and breeding areas respectively, of males in a Spanish montane population and analysed CORTf in the laboratory with standard enzyme immunoassays. There is no correlation within individuals between CORTf in the two types of feathers, although levels are similar. The size of the forehead patch is negatively associated with CORTf in tail feathers, mainly in small males, while the blackness of head and back is negatively related to CORTf in tertials, mainly in large males. The size of the wing patch composed of patches on feathers molted both in wintering (tertials) and breeding areas (primaries and secondaries) is not related to CORTf in any type of feather. Different male plumage traits thus may reflect circulating CORT levels during molt processes occurring in the wintering respectively breeding range as expressed by CORTf in different types of feathers.

Comparing social style platform brand and brand community social content: A machine learning-based lexical analysis

This paper discusses the social media posts generated by style brands and their brand communities on Instagram and Twitter relative to social commerce integrations — the combined nature of brands, online brand communities and social platforms referred to here as social style platforms (SSPs). To accomplish this, 9,221 SSP brand posts and 63,397 SSP brand community posts were captured across Instagram and Twitter relative to six highly engaged SSPs. The results indicated that style-based content themes shared on SSP brand accounts and SSP brand community accounts were greater in strength than many other themes; that frequent brand mention content themes were more likely to be congruent across data sets; that some content theme incongruities existed between brands and brand community posts relative to exchange actions and social contest references; and that some content topics were proliferated, resonated and reciprocated. Additionally, direct brand mentions and brand/self-connections played a unique role in how social style brands and brand communities posted within SSPs as they engaged in brand support by talking about the brand and brand community members regularly. Based on these findings, this paper recommends that future SSP brand managers encourage brand communities to discuss style relative to brand more often than buying behaviours as a way to enhance and grow online brand community membership.

Erratum to “The Dice Are Loaded: Schools’ Social Class Composition and Athletic Contests”

Erratum to “The Dice Are Loaded: Schools’ Social Class Composition and Athletic Contests”

Water temperature modulates social behavior of ornamental cichlid (Pterophyllum scalare) in an artificial system

ABSTRACT Environmental changes can cause physiological alterations in fish, which may affect some behavioral patterns. We evaluated the effects of water temperature on the aggressive behavior of male freshwater angelfish, Pterophyllum scalare. We subjected pairs to three water temperature conditions: low (23.8 ± 0.8°C), medium (27.9 ± 1.2°C), and high (31.7 ± 1.0°C), with eight repetitions each. We assessed latency to fighting, aggressive interaction frequency, and territorial defense. In low and high temperatures there was a reduction in aggressive behavior exhibitions in comparison to medium temperatures (P < 0.05). As a result, water temperature can influence aggressive motivation and territorial establishment, given that temperatures closer to species optima (27.9 ± 1.2°C) can favor social contests for an Amazonian ornamental cichlid species, P. scalare.

ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS BERITA PILGUB 2018 DALAM KORAN PONTIANAK POST

Abstract2018 is a political year for Kalimantan Barat (Kalbar) there are three pairs of Governor candidates. The focus of this research is that the researcher will analyze the 2018 governor's election news in the Pontianak Post Newspaper. The method used in the research is descriptive method and form qualitative research on the 2018 governor's headline text. Approach used AWK according to Teun A. Van Dijk which focused on three elements, namely aspects text, social cognition and context. The data source in this study is news 2018 Governor Election, while the data used is in the form of words, phrases and sentences relating to AWK on 2018 Governor Election news. Based on the results of the problem formulation in critical discourse analysis shows that in terms of news text there are some disadvantages such as incomplete 5w1h element in making news on 2019 Pilgub. Still available one news that only has two paragraphs. Researchers also found in terms of social cognition, news is not written directly by journalists Pontianak Post. Seeing in terms of social contests, the media that has made an appointment with the candidate pair will eliminate the side sensitivity in terms of criticizing.Keywords: Analysis of Critical Discourse, Text, Social Cognition, Social Context, Implementation of Learning Design.

Caracterização de idosos residentes no município de Colméia - TO

Aging is an event that will be present in the man's life stage, evidenced by the gradual reduction of physiological function, caused by psychological, physical and socioeconomic changes. This study aims to describe the characterization of elderly residents in the municipality of Colméia – TO. Field research with a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approach.The population of this study was composed of 30 (thirty) elderly people with at least 60 years of age, and who are part of the elderly in the municipality of colméia-TO. To verify the characteristic profile of the elderly in the research region, an exploratory analysis of the variables age, sex, education level, marital status, number of children, health considerations, chronic diseases and the importance of sexuality was carried out. In the age factor, 60% of the elderly are between 60 and 70 years old, 30% are between 71 and&nbsp; 80 years old and 10% are between 81 and 90 years old. Education level 50% are illiterate and only 4% have completed higher education. In this sense, issues related to population aging are involved in social contests, in line with the health and social assistance systems provided to this group. It was possible to verify that the quality of life and healthy&nbsp; aging occurs as a scope that corresponds to a combination of causes that is related to the daily experience of the elderly.

Experiencia de articulación e integración en prácticas de docencia, investigación y extensión en educación superior

En este artículo se presentan diferentes procesos transitados desde la Universidad Nacional Río Cuarto en relación al camino a la integralidad. Se mencionan las acciones e historia del Consejo Social Universitario, como actor central de vinculación y articulador de las prácticas de aprendizaje, investigación y extensión, dado que deben darse de manera contextualizada e inserta en la realidad que se atraviesa.&#x0D; En tal sentido se avanza hacia la creación de mecanismos institucionales que den respuesta a las problemáticas, con programas institucionales. Se pretenden la integralidad, comprendida como la articulación de actores sociales y universitarios que conciben el hacer profundamente ligado al actual contexto socio-histórico. &#x0D; Esta propuesta se encuadra dentro de los lineamientos generales acordados en el Estatuto de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, en donde se expresa que la Universidad concibe a la extensión como otra forma de construcción de conocimiento articulado al saber científico. La extensión deberá abocarse al desarrollo del conocimiento práctico, experiencial, profesional e inductivo. Este conocimiento deberá generarse de manera local, transdisciplinarmente y tener finalidades prácticas, promoviendo la articulación y mutuo enriquecimiento de saberes.

Status, rivalry and admiration-seeking in narcissism and depression: A behavioral study.

Humans seek admiration to boost their social rank and engage in rivalry to protect it when fearing defeat. Traits such as narcissism and affective states such as depression are thought to influence perception of rank and motivation for dominance in opposite ways, but evidence of the underlying behavioral mechanisms is scant. We investigated the effects of dimensionally-assessed narcissism and depression on behavioral responses to social defeat in a rigged video game tournament designed to elicit rivalry (stealing points from opponents) and admiration-seeking (paying for rank). We tested an undergraduate sample (N = 70, mean age = 21.5 years) and a clinical sample of predominantly depressed elderly (N = 85, mean age = 62.6 years). Both rivalry and admiration-seeking increased with time on task and were particularly enhanced in individuals high in narcissism. Participants engaged in more rivalry when pitted against high-ranked opponents, but depression partially mitigated this tendency. Our findings provide behavioral evidence that narcissism manifests in increased rivalry and admiration-seeking during social contests. Depression does not suppress general competitiveness but selectively inhibits upward-focused rivalry.

Violencia feminicida: abordaje desde una geografía feminista

Este trabajo aborda la violencia feminicida como un proceso social enraizado en el patriarcado y el capitalismo salvaje que menosprecia, invisibiliza y ataca a las mujeres. Identificamos los elementos de conexión del sistema legal y la contienda social. De la geografía feminista crítica a la posibilidad de cambio y el compromiso de transformar condiciones injustas, plantea el espacio de género como una producción social de alta complejidad. Aquí vemos con precisión cómo el movimiento feminista, conformado por activistas, agrupaciones y familias de mujeres víctimas de violencia, incluyendo la academia y diversas corrientes feministas presentes en el ámbito político, ha impulsado cambios a nivel jurídico. Sin embargo, estas transformaciones han desatado resistencias en grupos conservadores. En los Censos Nacionales de 2018 se elaboró un estudio empírico con base en estadísticas de la procuración e impartición de justicia. A partir de estos datos de las entidades estatales se elaboraron mapas nacionales que permiten dar cuenta de la resistencia a clasificar los delitos contra las mujeres como feminicidios. Considerando el marco teórico basado en la tríada metodológica constitutiva del espacio, nos referimos a la creación de espacios libres de violencia, la complejidad que conlleva y la resistencia que se debe superar a través del movimiento feminista y la transformación de los marcos legales.

Реализация теории конструктивизма в реалиях смешанного обучения

Presented is research study on projection and planning of a blended learning model in a field of formal university professional education. The article covers some problems, connected with modern learning methods and tendencies of their development. Blended learning is one of advanced tools of effective educational process, studied by teachers all over the world. The first important item in studying of blended learning is characteristics of its tendencies and theoretical bases to define ways and methods of its implementation. The article gives examples of basic theory searching, and ways and necessary conditions for blended learning environment arranging. According to many scientists, blended learning environment has all opportunities to use principles of constructivism theory, but adding of social contest in education allows ideas of social constructivism to be adopted in blended learning, as its aim is to acquire knowledge through the prism of cooperation and teamwork.

Agonistic Audiences: Comic Play in the Early National Theater

AbstractThis essay considers how rowdy theater audiences contributed to a broader cultural understanding of democratic politics in the early United States, showing how raucous and occasionally riotous theater patrons enacted a form of popular rule that was predicated on the paying audience’s sovereign right to pleasure. Agonistic audiences thrived on the conflictual dynamics of disorder and dissidence, but their unruly practices only rarely devolved into mob violence, precisely because theatergoers largely understood themselves to be at play. I examine various accounts of theatrical disturbance, including Washington Irving’s famous depiction of a disorderly audience, to demonstrate how patrons cultivated a comic mode of sociality, one that foregrounded and maintained the essential playfulness of social contest. Such comic play acknowledged a horizon of popular enjoyment that stood in excess of rational-critical public discourse. The comic mode has long been undertheorized in literary and cultural studies of the early United States, yet it holds key insight into the practices of both early national theater and early national politics. By way of example, I offer a comic reading of Royall Tyler’s The Contrast (1787) that reveals the imprint of the agonistic audience on the repertoire of the period, shedding new light on nineteenth-century genealogies of performance.

A Review of: Mancur Olson (1982) The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities. Yale University Press

While the use of historical methods to explain the rise and fall of states, empires and kingdoms may not be new as evident in various classical works, Olsson’s adoption of economic and social contests among local groups and how they shape the economic outcomes, policies and indeed resource allocations within a country to explain stagflation and slow growth in countries with long standing democracies and stability is innovative.

Exogenous testosterone increases status-seeking motivation in men with unstable low social status

Testosterone is associated with status-seeking behaviors such as competition, which may depend on whether one wins or loses status, but also on the stability of one’s status. We examined (1) to what extent testosterone administration affects competition behavior in repeated social contests in men with high or low rank, and (2), whether this relationship is moderated by hierarchy stability, as predicted by the status instability hypothesis. Using a real effort-based design in healthy male participants (N = 173 males), we first found that testosterone (vs. placebo) increased motivation to compete for status, but only in individuals with an unstable low status. A second part of the experiment, tailored to directly compare stable with unstable hierarchies, indicated that exogenous testosterone again increased competitive motivation in individuals with a low unstable status, but decreased competition behavior in men with low stable status. Additionally, exogenous testosterone increased motivation in those with a stable high status. Further analysis suggested that these effects were moderated by individuals’ trait dominance, and genetic differences assessed by the androgen receptor (CAG-repeat) and dopamine transporter (DAT1) polymorphisms. Our study provides evidence that testosterone specifically boosts status-related motivation when there is an opportunity to improve one’s social status. The findings contribute to our understanding of testosterone’s causal role in status-seeking motivation in competition behavior, and indicate that testosterone adaptively increases our drive for high status in a context-dependent manner. We discuss potential neurobiological pathways through which testosterone may attain these effects on behavior.