Social Consciousness Research Articles

한국 개신교 신앙과 사회의식 : 개신교인과 비개신교인의 “차이 없음”이 의미하는 바에 대한 연구

“공정”이 근래 한국 사회에서 가장 큰 화두로 자리 잡으면서, “평등”에 대한 사람 들의 관심 또한 높아지고 있다. 모든 인간은 존엄한 존재이며 그 대접에 있어 차별이 있어서는 안 된다는 명제는 시민사회의 초석이자 동시에 종교적 가치의 발현이다. 그 렇다면, 기독교 신앙은 평등의 사회적 실천에 어떠한 영향을 주고 있는가? 이를 알아 보기 위해 한국기독교사회문제연구원에서는 개신교인, 비개신교인 각 1,000명을 대상 으로 평등 의식 조사를 시행하였다. 애초의 기획은 개신교인과 비개신교인의 정치 성 향과 종교 성향을 구분하고, 각각의 성향이 그들의 평등 의식과 평등 감수성에 어떻 게 작용하는 지를 살펴보는 것이었다. 하지만, 조사 결과 일부 특정 사안을 제외하고, 개신교인과 비개신교인의 신앙/종교성은 그들의 평등의식에 큰 변수로 작용하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 개신교인과 비개신교인의 평등 의식에 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 조사된 것이다. 신앙/종교성이 평등 의식의 차이를 만들어내지 못한다는 결과는 연구원들 에게 다소 충격을 주었다. 결국 설문자들의 종교 성향에 대한 조사는 애초의 기획과 는 달리 응답자들의 평등의식에 영향을 미치는 변수가 아닌, 평등 의식에 차이가 없 다는 결과를 해석하기 위한 근거로 활용해야 했다. 과연, 개신교인과 비개신교인의 평등 의식의 “차이 없음”이 의미하는 바는 무엇인 가? 본 연구는 “차이 없음”에 대한 일방적인 긍정이나 비판은 지양한다. 대신 한국 기독교의 교리, 제도, 그리고 문화에 대한 개신교인들의 신앙 의식 조사 결과를 근거 로 그들의 종교성의 특성을 살펴보고, 그것이 특별한 사회의식으로 발전하지 않는 이 유를 분석한다. 더불어 비개신교인들이 가지고 있는 기독교 및 개신교인에 대한 인식 조사 결과를 비교, 분석하여 현대 한국 개신교인들의 신앙이 가진 사회적 의미와 한 계를 고찰한다. 궁극적으로 본 연구는 한국 개신교인들의 신앙과 사회의식의 현재를 밝히고, 앞으로 한국교회가 중점적으로 다루어야 할 주제를 제안한다.

Subsidy strategy for reserving flexible capacity of emergency supply production

AbstractThis paper investigates a government's subsidy strategy for motivating a manufacturer to set up a flexible production line for emergency supplies. Four subsidy strategies are proposed to ensure a desired service level in case of an emergency: zero subsidy, a fixed subsidy, a marginal subsidy, and a hybrid subsidy. We develop a game theoretical model to examine how the government can induce a manufacturer to set up a flexible production line that can respond promptly to an emergency, based on the manufacturer's cost structure (fixed and marginal costs). We find that when the marginal profit of an emergency product is higher than that of the manufacturer's regular product, a fixed (marginal) subsidy is the dominant strategy if the manufacturer's fixed (marginal) cost is high, while a hybrid subsidy strategy is dominant if both costs are high. When the marginal profit of an emergency product is lower than that of the manufacturer's regular product, neither a fixed subsidy nor a zero subsidy will be the dominant strategy. We also find that a marginal subsidy can ensure the effectiveness of the strategy, while a fixed subsidy helps improve strategy efficiency. We use government subsidy strategies implemented for Chinese COVID‐19 emergency supplies as examples to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the subsidy strategies under the proposed framework. We also extend the discussion by considering the manufacturer's social consciousness.

Green consumers’ behavioral intention and loyalty to use mobile organic food delivery applications: the role of social supports, sustainability perceptions, and religious consciousness

Consumer behavior in the food industry has undergone significant changes in recent years, largely driven by growing consumer awareness of environmental, technological, religious, and social concerns. As a result, organic food has emerged as a popular alternative to conventionally produced food. Many emerging nations, including Bangladesh, promote its consumption due to its perceived health and safety benefits. Despite this growing trend, there remains a need for more understanding of consumer behavior, particularly concerning their motivations for continuous purchases toward mobile organic food delivery applications. In order to fill this knowledge gap, this study looks at how six indirect predictors (emotional support, informational support, environmental consciousness, religious consciousness, trust, and technological consciousness) affect customer loyalty through the intention to use organic food. This study employed a purposive sampling technique (i.e., judgmental sampling) and collected data from 386 respondents across three cities in Bangladesh. Data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 3 software. The study found that all predictors, except for technological consciousness, significantly influenced behavioral intention, which, in turn, significantly influenced loyalty. Additionally, the study revealed that the five predictors, excluding technological consciousness, indirectly influenced loyalty through behavioral intention. The results of this study add to the existing literature on organic food by extending social support theory to include consumers' primary motivations, such as environmental, religious, technological, and social consciousness, as predictors of loyalty to use mobile organic food delivery applications. The study highlights the importance of sustainable food consumption in promoting environmental protection, ensuring social justice, creating economic success, and providing valuable insights for implementers looking to expand the organic food market.Graphical abstract

The role of the community in preventing and combating child abuse

The article is devoted to the problem of preventing and countering child abuse. Child maltreatment is a serious and widespread public health problem that causes significant morbidity and mortality. The beginning of a large-scale Russian aggression only complicated the solution of an already difficult situation. The purpose of this article is to analyze the theoretical and legal prerequisites for effective prevention and countermeasures against child abuse at the community level. It is proven that the main focus of effective development and implementation of measures to prevent and combat child abuse is the community, in which various social communications, psychological, economic and social-life relations between various state and municipal authorities, other non-state formations and residents of a certain territory. On the basis of a comprehensive study of scientific, regulatory and legal sources and an analysis of social and legal practices, we came to the conclusion that the main formations that should be actively involved in measures to prevent and combat child abuse at the community level can be conditionally divided into several groups: authorized bodies and local self-government officials; institutions and establishments providing educational, medical and psychological services to the population of the community; religious organizations; public organizations and volunteers; various forms of self-organization of the population. It has been established that community social control and collective efficacy are significant protective factors for all forms of violence against children, but they need to be developed at the level of forming the appropriate social culture and consciousness. Organizational ties are also considered a necessary component of increasing the effectiveness of public control and established systematic work in this direction. In connection with this, it is noted that the community needs a consolidating link, whose role in preventing and countering child abuse at the community level, in our opinion, should be played by children’s services.

Historical aspects of the establishment of the institution of child rights protection in international law

This article provides an understanding of the relevance and importance of the principles of human rights and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The article pays special attention to the importance of observing children's rights and encouraging advocacy activities of public and children's organizations regarding the protection of children's rights.
 In the presented study, the author analyzes the articles of the Convention and considers them as social rights (the right to life and development, health care and access to medical care, the right to education, family life, family reunification, the right to assistance in the maximum possible social integration for disabled children, as well as the right to support parents so that they can protect the rights of their children), economic rights (the right to decent living conditions, to social security, to protection from economic exploitation), cultural rights (the right to respect for language, culture and religion, for the abolition of traditional practices that may harm the well-being of the child), protective rights (the right to protect the interests of the child, protection from physical and sexual violence and exploitation, protection from participation in military conflicts, protection from abuse rights and humiliation), civil and political rights (the right to be heard and taken seriously, the right to freedom from discrimination in the exercise of rights, the right to freedom of religion and belief, the right to privacy, to information, to respect for physical and personal integrity and freedom from all forms of violence, torture or other cruel, inhuman, degrading treatment, the right to respect for the order of detention and criminal judiciary).
 It is emphasized that the mentioned international legal act plays an important fundamental role in the development of social consciousness and the practice of protecting children's rights and freedoms. It provides the legal basis for the necessary protection of persons under the age of 18.

The Global Commons: Deep Sea, Outer Space and Beyond

Abstract Mining of the global commons in the deep seabed and outer space is grow-ing in technological and economic feasibility. Concurrently, we have in-creasing scientific knowledge of the environmental and social risks in-volved. Is the concept of the global commons and the related international law principle of the common heritage of humankind useful for negotiating such risks? Can this principle overcome its disciplinary legacy of strong mercantilist values and make an evolutionary turn towards greater ecologi-cal and social consciousness? To answer these questions, this reflection examines the role of the commons, corporations, and European empire in the creation of international law as well as environmental crises. It con-cludes that to overcome disciplinary legacies of imperialism and corporate greed, it would be helpful to conceive of international law as itself a global commons. Rather than Eurocentric values writ large, an international law where all cultures could participate on their own terms makes space for more sustainable and equitable legal traditions to reshape the global order.

Every Seashell Is a Story

Living and being with/in education is messy work because we are necessarily products of the worlds we inhabit. Photopoetic inquiry helps us navigate the messiness by drawing us into images where we might contemplate the accompanying text while writing our way into new understandings. This intertextuality explicitly encourages the integration of self and subject and reveals what is hidden while concurrently encouraging us to let go of rigid constructs that limit us. Thinking here of Bill Pinar’s self-shattering and emancipatory reaggregation, I wonder in the attached video how consciousness of lived and living curriculum can help us engage with empathy and understanding when we encounter realities not our own. In opening up these spaces for critical consciousness, photopoetic inquiry cultivates social conscience and becomes central to our pursuit of rehumanizing praxis.

Trend of clinical trials of new drugs for rare diseases in China in recent 10 years

BackgroundRare disease is a general term for a disease that affects a small number of people but recognized as a global public health priority. Governments worldwide are paying more and more attention to the academical research and drug investment of rare diseases. The conduct of rare disease clinical trials is still difficult, despite the promotion of government policies and the awakening of social consciousness. In this article, we outlined the characteristics and obstacles of clinical trials of rare diseases in China and expected to provide reference for subsequent clinical trials in this field.ResultsIn recent years, China has made some progress in clinical trials of rare diseases in the past 10 years. There were 481 clinical trials on rare diseases in total, covering more than 10 rare diseases with high incidence. Clinical trial applications on rare diseases for a total of 481 were submitted and with an average annual growth rate of 28.2% from 2013 to 2022. The number of clinical trial application for rare diseases in 2016 dramatically increased by 80% compared to 2015 due to the policy document issued by China for clinical research in rare diseases in 2015. Besides, about 70% of applications registering for clinical trials could recruit subjects as expected. Despite this, the number of clinical trials of rare diseases in China was less compared with the United States, Europe and Japan, and the types of infant drugs were limited to biological products and chemical drugs lacking other new treatments.ConclusionsEfforts have been made in recent years to develop clinical research on rare diseases in China. The number of clinical trials for rare diseases in China was growing steadily every year, which was inseparable from the support of the country, society and rare disease patients. Still, there was a large gap between China and other developed countries in this field and this merit further investigation.

Social science goes quantum: explaining human decision-making, cognitive biases and Darwinian selection from a quantum perspective

The social and economic sciences are grounded on the basic assumption that social life, decision-making behavior, and consciousness are classical physical and therefore material phenomena. Quantum social science, a new research area, which refers to the knowledge and interpretations of quantum physics, is challenging this assumption. This paper gives an overview of quantum social science and explains quantum decision theory on the one hand with a focus on the cognitive biases first elaborated by Kahneman & Tversky, and on the other hand by Darwin´s theory of evolution.

Older People and the Construction of Virtual Identities in the Digital Culture

This research study addresses certain theoretical issues surrounding the relationship between digital technologies, the aging population, and identity. At the same time, it offers a conceptual proposal of indicators of the social inclusion of older people in the digital culture of society as a potential starting point for further empirical research. The progressive trend of a growing proportion of older people is a demographic reality in many economically and technologically advanced societies. This demographic aging of populations raises several economic, sociopolitical, medical, cultural, social, and psychological issues. One of the most important and oft-overlooked sets of issues is the active participation of older people in the digital culture environment and the use of information and communication technologies as an alternative source of social interaction in constructing and affirming their own identity. Aging is often associated with a natural decline in professional activity, poorer health, reduced physical activity, reduced social contacts, and sometimes isolation and loneliness. The active participation of older people in the digital environment of communication and virtual interactions can buffer these negative factors to a certain extent and offer an adequate alternative for fulfilling the need for social relationships, self-actualization, and affirmation of identity. Of course, digital culture does have an ambivalent character. On the one hand, there are obvious positive effects on social life, subjective experience, and consciousness of one's own identity derived from real and virtual social interactions. On the other hand, digitalizing life generates unseen risks in invading an accelerated pace of life, superficiality, and the deepening of social inequalities.

Van Gogh and British Literature: The Influence of Felix Holt on His Mind and Art

Vincent van Gogh (1853–90) was an artist of remarkable intellect and self-discipline, who was dedicated to learning to the end of his tragically brief life: “It’s a study I need, for I want to learn,” he noted in September 1889, just some months before his death.1 He believed that “one has to learn to read, as one has to learn to see and learn to live” (letter 155). He thus took reading very seriously and incorporated it into his life and art. In fact, Van Gogh was an ardent reader of world literature. A polyglot, he read Dutch, German, French, and British literature in the original languages.2 His interest in British literature, which dated from his childhood, was intensified in his early twenties when he lived and worked in London as an apprentice of Goupil & Cie, a renowned international art dealership. This formative period in Britain from 1873 to 1876 laid the foundation for the development of the young artist-to-be’s thoughts and worldview.3 By the time Van Gogh arrived, Britain, caught up in the ongoing process of industrialization, urbanization, and political reform, represented the most advanced modern civilization and its contradictions. Its capital was, in Charles Dickens’s terms, “a great (and dirty) city” that exhibited the complex spectacle of a modern metropolis: alongside the scenes of unrivalled wealth and glamor were those of widespread pauperism and inequality.4 Life in Victorian Britain with its splendor and squalor amazed the Dutchman:“I can’t tell you how interesting it is to see London and the trade and the way of life here, which are so very different from ours,” he wrote to his brother Theo in November 1873 (letter 15). This British sojourn also stirred social consciousness in him, drawing his attention to contemporary British art and literature, which squarely engaged with the topical issues of the day.5

Community Service Initiatives: Promoting Education about Justice for Parents and Children

Community empowerment and justice education are just two of the many topics covered on this page concerning the work of Promoting Education about Justice for Parents and Children. Volunteer programs that teach children and their parents about social justice are crucial in creating communities where people experience a sense of agency, fairness, and social consciousness. These initiatives intend to educate both parents and children on the importance of justice in all parts of daily life, as well as on the rights and responsibilities that come with them. Researched in this article is the impact that community service programs that teach parents and children about justice have on individuals and their surrounding neighborhoods. Furthermore, it explores the various strategies and methods utilized by such programs, including but not limited to workshops, seminars, and various types of community engagement. The article also addresses challenges faced by community service organizations and offers recommendations on how they might be overcome to make their activities as successful as possible. This article examines the impact that community service has on teaching both parents and children about the importance of creating a just and equitable society through cooperation between communities, schools, and service providers. In particular, this study will examine how community work might help teach kids and their families about social justice.

Spanish validation of two social media appearance-related constructs associated with disordered eating in adolescents: The Appearance-related Social Media Consciousness scale (ASMC) and the Critical Thinking about Media Messages scale (CTMM)

Appearance-related constructs underlying social media are negatively associated with mental health. However, their impact on the Spanish population is still unexplored. The present study aimed to validate the Spanish versions of two appearance-related scales: (1) the appearance-related social media consciousness (ASMC) scale; and (2) the critical thinking about media messages (CTMM) scale. Translation and cultural adaptation of the scales were carried out. The scales’ psychometric properties were assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, measurement invariance across gender (boys vs. girls) and age groups (early adolescents vs. middle adolescents), internal consistency, and convergent validity. The sample included 803 Spanish secondary school adolescents aged between 12 and 18 (Mage = 15.1, 47.9% girls, 47.2% boys, 4.9% non-binary gender/others). The exploratory factor analyses replicated original one-factor structures of both scales, which was verified using confirmatory factor analysis. Regarding the ASMC Scale, a re-specified model (allowing for error correlations between Items 1–2) presented an adequate fit. Both models were invariant across gender and age groups. Excellent internal consistency was found. Bivariate correlations between the ASMC and eating disorders related variables (body esteem, disordered eating, self-esteem, sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, and general mental health) supported its convergent validity and proved ASMC to be a potential target for future preventive eating disorder interventions. However, the CTMM scale correlated only with sociocultural pressures, thus, further research is needed to assess the validity of the CTMM in Spanish samples.

ON THE ISSUE OF THE PEDAGOGICAL SYSTEM OF DEVELOPING INFORMATIONAL-ANALYTICAL COMPETENCE ON THE BASIS OF THE FORMATION OF HISTORICAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN FUTURE HISTORIANS

Historical consciousness is one of the important forms of social consciousness. It appears as a result of the cognitive process of man. Based on the fact that historical consciousness is a feeling that expresses the presence of elements that reflect the thoughts and views of a person about the past, this article describes such opinions as its emergence on the basis of historical imagination, the place and role of historical evidence in this process, and the formation of historical consciousness in mastering historical concepts

Patriotism in a Transitive Society: Socio-Psychological Analysis

In recent years, the attention of contemporary society has been increasingly directed at the problem of forming the civic-patriotic qualities of young people. In the local social consciousness, some directives are formed and developed related to the scientific-conceptual argumentation of the patriotic education of children, adolescents and teenagers, positioned as extremely important conditions for increasing their effectiveness. The phenomenon of patriotism is directly related to the feeling of unity and identification with ones own people, with that of love for the Motherland, with the tendency to preserve, respect and promote cultural-historical values, national customs and traditions, etc. Thus, the purpose of the article is to consider patriotism in the context of a transitional society and its socio-psychological functions, as well as the formation of the new value orientations of citizens that are most in demand at the moment. In order to achieve the stated goal, a series of methods were applied in the present scientific approach, including the logical, historical, systemic, comparative methods.

Imperialism in the Mansfield Park

The works of Jane Austen mostly focus on the emotional entanglements of characters and it seems that they never get involved in social ideology and political consciousness. Her novel Mansfield Park focuses on the growth of the heroine Fanny Price: from a neglected young girl to be adopted to finally marry the second young master of the estate, Edmund Bertram, and become the spiritual mistress of the Park. However, in fact, this story contains Jane Austen’s strong imperialist ideology. The heroine Fanny’s growth process is also the process of continuous assimilation by the imperial ideology. Antigua provides the economic support for Mansfield Park and helps the people at the manor to establish the superiority of the hierarchy. At the same time, it is with the economic support of Antigua that the two young ladies of the estate are able to marry into wealthy families. This paper focuses on the colonial thoughts of Fanny and the description of locations in the novel.

Political Suppression in Mahasweta Devi’s Draupadi

“I think a creative writer should have a social conscience. I have a duty towards society…. I ask myself this question a thousand times: Have I done what I could have done?”- Mahasweta Devi. Mahasweta Devi is a reputed Indian writer who was born in the year 1926 into a middle class Bengali Hindu Brahmin family in Dacca now in Bangladesh. She writes within the parameters of classis Marxist ideology and evinces a keen interest in history in many of her novels. In fact, her novel ‘Jhansir Rani or Rani of Jhansi’ demonstrates an interest in both history and her woman protagonist. She is a noted Bengali writer disgusted by the modes of humiliation that the lower castes, especially the womenfolk, are subjected to and the champion of the cause of the ‘Untouchables’, is horrified by the game of politics that tries to break the spirit of men and women who fight for emancipation from slavery on behalf of their caste and clan. Hence she embarks on a project of presenting the shocking realities that happen behind the socioeconomic and political iron curtains, through her most powerful work ‘Draupadi’.

Typology of Epistemologies for Democratising Knowledge and Policy Benefits for All Mainstreamed by Doctoral-Study

<p style="text-align: justify;">Ursula von der Leyen identifies diverse classrooms have different knowledges and ‘epistemologies’. A typology of epistemologies for democratising knowledge ‘A Blueprint for Character Development for Evolution’ (ABCDE) is offered to mainstream policy benefits for all by Higher Education as hubs i) credentialing educational leaders by doctoral-study and ii) propelling networks of Professional Educators and Administrators Committees for Empowerment (PEACE) across professions credentialed by Higher Education and chaired by educational leaders. PEACE builds robust evidence bases to inform redesigning curriculums and culturally responsive pedagogies as policy benefits that empower students to use ABCDE with Assessment for Personal and Social Learning (APSL) to problem solve across the quadruple-helix. Education Outcomes include students’ self-management of personal and social understanding and wellbeing for resilience within sustainable circular, entrepreneurial, green and digitised economies with products and means of production regulated by professions credentialed by Higher Education. Impacts include communities developing responsible historical social consciousness to reinvigorate democratic governance, accountability, transparency, effectiveness and trustworthiness of rule-of-law based institutions and policies to expand active and inclusive citizenship empowered by safeguarding human rights. Further research, building on the powerful European Commission funded platform ‘DocEnhance’ is recommended to inform effective and efficient investment into high quality education and training.</p>

Factors Influencing Audience Satisfaction of Chinese Documentary Programs among Undergraduate Students in China

This study seeks to explore the factors influencing audience satisfaction of Chinese documentary programs among undergraduate students in Peking, mainland China. Viewership and preference for Chinese documentaries as well as satisfaction derived from Chinese documentaries form the informant’s social, culture, political, and environmental consciousness. Thus, the objective of this study is to ascertain the satisfaction of the audience derives from Chinese documentary TV programs and to understand informant’s preference for Chinese documentaries. The present study leverages on data was gathered via interview with 20 students as the informants residing in Peking mainland, China. Findings indicate that audience satisfaction of Chinese documentary emanates from students longing for a credible and up-to-date sources of information evident in the content of Chinese documentary programs. Additionally, their knowledge of events around them as well as their roots is further enhanced by their viewership of Chinese documentary programs. Further findings also suggest the uses and gratifications approach of media explains the audience’s perception, preference, and viewership of Chinese documentary programs.

Building Social and Political Awareness through Cinema: The Case of Dahan

Feature film holds a significant position in Bangladesh filmscape. However, only a few of these films are aimed at raising social and political consciousness among the audience. One such film is Dahan (Affliction), directed by Sheikh Niamat Ali in 1985. Employing the theoretical lens of the Third Cinema, this study investigates how this film contributed in social and political awareness building. Therefore, this article examines the content and stylistic features of the film and concludes with the note that by providing a few alternatives to the traditional cinema techniques, the film successfully delineated the then socio-political reality of Bangladesh characterized by inequality, injustice and intellectual bankruptcy, and sought for social and political emancipation that helps audience enhance their social and political understanding. Social Science Review, Vol. 39(1), June 2022 Page 125-140