Social Processes Research Articles

Sibling relational aggression: Developmental change and associations with family relationships across adolescence.

Sibling relational aggression is an understudied social and family process that is of developmental significance in adolescence, a period of interpersonal relationship development. This study examined developmental change in sibling relational aggression across adolescence and used multilevel actor-partner independence models to test its longitudinal associations with mother-adolescent, father-adolescent, and sibling relationship qualities. Participants were 196 adolescent (firstborn-secondborn) sibling pairs from predominantly White families who averaged 16.47 years (SD = .80) and 13.88 years (SD = 1.15) of age, respectively, at baseline. Data were collected separately from each sibling during home interviews at three timepoints, each spaced a year apart. Longitudinal growth modeling revealed declines in sibling relational aggression from early to late adolescence. Findings from longitudinal multilevel actor-partner independence models revealed a negative within-person (WP) effect of father-adolescent intimacy and a positive WP effect of father-adolescent conflict on sibling relational aggression: On occasions when adolescents reported lower intimacy or more conflict with their fathers than usual (compared to individuals' own cross-time averages), adolescents reported experiencing more sibling relational aggression than usual. A between-person (BP) effect of mother-adolescent conflict also indicated that the cross-time average of mother-adolescent conflict was linked positively to the cross-time average of sibling relationship aggression. Primarily at the WP level, associations also emerged between lower sibling intimacy and higher sibling conflict and sibling relational aggression. For relationships with fathers and siblings, some effects were moderated by sibling structural characteristics. Discussion highlights the interplay of family relationship dynamics, including gender dynamics, and sibling relational aggression in adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Skill acquisition within a (more-than-human) community of practice: A study of beekeeping in Punjab, India

Understanding learning processes involved in sustainable rural transitions requires theories that recognise learning as a complex, socio-ecologically situated phenomenon. Communities of practice theory provides a socially embedded account of learning processes. It suggests that joining communities of practice and developing an identity as a practitioner provides a motivational and pedagogical framework within which learning can occur. Yet, we contend that understanding the complex situational factors at work in acquiring skills requires attention be paid to identities and relations beyond those currently recognised in communities of practice theory. Through a study of beekeepers’ skill acquisition in the Indian Punjab, we show how practitioners mobilise diverse identities that are relevant to learning, motivation, and belonging and not only their identities as (aspiring) practitioners. In Punjab, gendered, religious, and caste-inflected identities are particularly important. We also show that the communities in which learners are embedded consist not only of human practitioners but involve an array of entities and forces that enable, constrain, and share in learning and practice. For beekeepers, learning is a deeply social and ecological process, involving and conditioning human and nonhuman contributions.

Data Preprocessing for Cross-System Analysis: The DaProXSA Approach

The domain of Social Collaboration Analytics (SCA) is gathering momentum due to the increasing importance of Enterprise Collaboration Systems (ECS) that are used to build performant digital workplaces. ECS collect and store large amounts of digital trace data, which reflect the collaborative work of employees. Collaborative work activity is usually supported by multiple systems, which complicates the analysis of the digital traces. The cross-system analysis of collaborative work is challenging because of the nature of the log files that are stored in heterogeneous formats and at different levels of log granularity. These challenges cannot easily be overcome with the help of existing approaches for data preprocessing. In this paper, approaches and frameworks for data mining, data preprocessing and SCA are adapted to design a special method for Social Process Mining (SPM). The DaProXSA approach was developed to obtain interpretable, high-quality event logs of multiple ECS and builds on existing literature as well as on findings from an analysis of leading ECS. DaProXSA contributes to the aim of discovering and interpreting patterns and processes that occur in computer-mediated collaborative work.

Supervisor bottom-line mentality and subordinate knowledge hiding: role of team climate

PurposeDrawing on social information processing theory, this study constructs a multilevel moderated mediation model. This model seeks to delve into the intricate and previously overlooked interplay between supervisor bottom-line mentality (BLM) and knowledge hiding. Within this context, we introduce self-interest as a mediating factor and incorporate performance climate as a team-level moderating variable.Design/methodology/approachThe time-lagged data involve 336 employees nested in 42 teams from 23 automobile sales companies in five regions of China. The analysis was meticulously executed using Hierarchical Linear Modeling, complemented by bias-corrected bootstrapping techniques.FindingsThe findings reveal that self-interest acts as a full mediator in the positive link between supervisor BLM and knowledge hiding. Furthermore, the performance climate plays a moderating role in both the relationship between supervisor BLM and self-interest, and the entire mediation process. Notably, these relationships are intensified in environments with a high performance climate compared to those with a low one.Originality/valueThis research stands as one of the pioneering efforts to integrate supervisor BLM into the discourse on knowledge hiding, elucidating the underlying psychological mechanisms and delineating the boundary conditions that shape the “supervisor BLM–knowledge hiding” relationship. Further, our insights provide organizations with critical guidance on strategies to curtail knowledge hiding among their employees.

Relevance of the Socialization Process in the Brazilian Public Sector: A Review

This article explores the socialization process in companies through an extensive literature review. Socialization refers to how new employees are integrated into the company culture. This process can take many forms, including orientation sessions, training programs, mentorship arrangements, and team-building activities. The primary goal of socialization is to help new employees understand the company's values, goals, and expectations. Additionally, it aims to facilitate building relationships with colleagues. In conclusion, a successful socialization process can lead to greater job satisfaction, increased productivity, and stronger team cohesion, which is helpful to scholars, human resource managers, and other practitioners.

Constructivism Effects of the Project Planning Discourses Used in the Maasai Pastoral Community

In literature, the Maasai community has been identified as the dominating ethnic group among the multiple pastoral communities in Tanzania. The Maasai socio-cultural practice is under external pressure in meaning negotiation and interpretation. The literature identifies globalization and modernity elements as the most influential external factors. Furthermore, project planning is considered as inseparable from globalization and modernity elements as all are focused on social change processes. Different literatures consider discourses as the core of the change process, and that pastoral development projects are associated with discursive practices through its communicative dimensions that entail social interactions whereby discourses are produced, distributed, and consumed. Although studies in development projects are fundamental in understanding discursive practices of such projects, this paper found a very limited body of knowledge on discursive practices in development planning specifically in the Maasai community. Therefore, this paper uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to underscore constructive effects of the used discourses in project documents targeted to the Maasai community on its wider socio-cultural context. This paper employed Fairclough three dimensional model of CDA as its underpinning theoretical and methodological approach. This model guided analyses of the data retrieved from eight (8) project strategic documents that were targeted to the Maasai community. Analyses involved three analytical levels which are textual analysis, discursive practices analysis and socio-cultural practices analysis level as depicted in the used model. Analysis was eclectic in nature as it involved forth and back analyses between the three levels, whereby the first two levels informs socio-cultural constructivism effects of the used discourses. Generally, the study revealed construction of Maasai’s identity, social relations and varying ideologies as the major three categories of constructivism effects of the underscored project planning discourses in the Maasai community. Furthermore this paper found devastating misconceptions and domination of negative portrayals of the Maasai community within the analyzed documents. Finally this paper recommends radical shift on the conveyed meanings and misrepresentation of the indigenous communities specifically the Maasai community in the global and national strategic and developmental process or frameworks.

Challenges in Integrating Demographic Variables into Local Government Authorities’ Development Plans

This paper examines the Challenges in Integrating Demographic Variables into Local Government Authorities’ Development plans in Chemba and Mpwapwa district councils. The study population was LGA’s development planning officers. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design in which both qualitative and quantitative data from planning officers were collected. Descriptive statistics (Univariate analysis) was done to explore the characteristics and distribution of respondents presented in frequencies and percentages. Cross-tabulation with chi-square (χ2) test tested the association of variables at a 0.05 (95%) significance level. The study findings revealed that LGA planning officers face several challenges in integrating population variables into development plans. Such challenges are Institutional-based (Scarcity of data, lack of political commitment to the goal, limited access to computing facilities, and inadequacy of statistical sources. Resource-based (Unclear relevance of the move among development planners, Continuing discussions on the best ways can use population data in development planning, Lack of clear understanding of demographic variables that can be integrated into the development plans in different sectors, Inadequate conceptualization and understanding of the operation and effects of population variables, lack of sufficient expertise to prepare needed projection inputs). Planning process based (Bureaucratic structures of centralized planning offices; create a barrier between planners and the public) Relying on secondary data from socio-economic profiles, too many directives (central government priories).Technical-based (unclear approaches of integrating population issues into development plans, lack of appropriate methodology, lack of planning and projection techniques, missing manual on the methodology, inadequate research into the many facets of the demographic processes and of their interrelations with other social and economic processes. The chi-square (2) test of the findings revealed no significant (P>0.05) statistical variation by LGAs on the faced challenges in integrating population variables into development plans. The study concludes that institutional setup, resource constraints, the nature of the planning process, and some technical issues affect LGA’s in coming up with effective and comprehensive development plans that cope with the area-specific aging population. The findings require the LGAs to consider putting more effort into the reliable sources of data, knowledge, and skills of planners, planning tools, and planning approaches in order to come up with good and realistic development plans that foster increasing local economic growth and improve the living standard of people; that slow down youth rural-urban migration due to low economic efficiency in their places of origin. The study recommends that LGAs in collaboration with the parent Ministry have to design the means of curbing the encountered planning challenges including improving awareness and sources of data for planning purposes, reviewing the planning approach by making it rather horizontal and comprehensive instead of being vertical from central government policies because obstacles and opportunities for development are area specific, and planners should get acquainted with methodologies for integrating population variables into development plans.

Intragroup Processes in Social Psychology: My Past, Our Present, Your Future

The first section of this article summarizes my life as a group researcher, beginning with my graduate student years at the University of Wisconsin and continuing with my time as a faculty member at the University of Pittsburgh, where my work focused on majority/minority disagreement, with an emphasis on reaction to deviance group socialization and the relationship between social and cognitive processes. The second section presents my analysis of the decline of intragroup process research in social psychology and reasons why such research is so much more popular in organizational psychology/behavior. The third section lays out a possible path to a brighter future in which social psychologists focus on how generic intragroup processes operate in important real-world groups and employ multiple methodologies to increase the external validity of their research. In this context, I suggest that families and extreme groups are particularly worthy of attention.

Access to the exclusive city: Home sharing as an affordable housing strategy

Home sharing, particularly via online platforms, is becoming a mainstream housing strategy as social processes evolve and housing costs rise. Recent research has studied shared rentals as a modality for students and kin-based households, as one strategy among diversifying pathways to housing and as a social phenomenon. However, we still know little about whether it actually creates opportunities for home seekers in unaffordable markets. Analysing online rental listings in Los Angeles, we find that shared rentals are both more affordable and more widely available across diverse neighbourhoods than traditional whole-unit rentals. Shared rentals have historically been understudied due to their limited data trail, but they offer important entryways into unaffordable markets. We argue for shared housing research to shift its traditional focus away from students and young adults and towards a broader exploration of the diverse populations that may benefit from or depend on shared housing.

Studi Deskriptif: Analisis Tematik pada Nilai-nilai Adat dan Budaya dalam Sosialisasi Orang Tua yang Berasal dari Suku Minangkabau kepada Anak

Value socialization is a process by which individuals learn the values, norms, and behaviors accepted in the society in which they live. The family as the child's first environment, plays an important role as a media channel in disseminating the values that exist in society to children this study uses a qualitative approach design conducted with the use of open ended questionnaire that is a questionnaire that can capture varied responses from various participants.Socialization of Indigenous values of Minangkabau culture is a very important process in maintaining and passing down cultural wealth from one generation to the next. Minangkabau people, which is a tribe that inhabits the territory of West Sumatra. As the largest matrilineal tribe in the world, the Minangkabau have a strong Indigenous value system that reflects their close relationship with nature, tradition, and local wisdom. The Minangkabau people pass on cultural heritage through the maternal line, and this socialization process generally occurs in families, communities, and indigenous institutions. Values such as adab, the value of mutual assistance, mutual respect, and active involvement in the lives of large families and communities become the main focus of the family has a central role in the socialization of the Indigenous values of Minangkabau culture. Researchers highlight the importance of the role of parents as value bearers and primary teachers in Minangkabau families, especially mothers. Mothers are not only responsible for educating children in terms of daily habits, but also for passing on cultural heritage through stories and practices that may be of a more traditional nature. Socialization of Indigenous values of Minangkabau culture is not limited to the family sphere, socialization of Indigenous values of Minangkabau culture is not only informational, but also involves direct experience that deepens understanding and appreciation of their cultural wealth.

The LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at the Central Plains Experimental Range: Collaborative adaptive rangeland management.

Semiarid rangelands throughout the western Great Plains support livestock production and many other ecosystem services. The degree to which adaptive multi-paddock (AMP) grazing management approaches can help achieve desired ecosystem services remains unclear. At the Central Plains Experimental Range in northeastern Colorado, a management-science partnership with a diverse stakeholder group is comparing collaborative adaptive rangeland management (CARM), designed to incorporate AMP principles, to traditional rangeland management (TRM), consisting of season-long grazing during the growing season. Each treatment was implemented on a set of 10, 130-ha pastures paired by soils, topography, and plant communities to evaluate how CARM affects vegetation (composition and production), livestock production (steer weight gain), and wildlife habitat (vegetation structure for grassland birds). For the first 5 years of the experiment, CARM cattle were managed as a single herd using AMP grazing with planned year-long rest in 20% of the pastures. Relative to TRM, CARM enhanced heterogeneity in vegetation structure across the landscape, benefiting two grassland bird species. However, this came at the cost of 12%-16% lower steer weight gains in CARM versus TRM and declining populations of a third bird species of conservation concern in both treatments. Here we discuss how increased understanding of ecological and social processes during the experiment's first 5 years led to changes in the CARM treatment and management objectives during the next 5 years. We also discuss how innovations in remote sensing, environmental sensors, ecosystem modeling, social learning, and economic analyses are being integrated into and supported by the CARM experiment.

Application of Social Space as a Tool for Physical Planning: Case Study of Mymensingh Town

Space has a social dimension. Social space consists of physical space and mental space. Physical and mental perspectives are only able to achieve partial description or cross-sections of space. The general approach of physical planning is concentrated only on physical dimension of space. Most city planners deal with essentially static concepts with land use maps and plans they prepare. They tend to view the city as a static arrangement of physical objects which lacks in mental space. Again, mind is spatially oriented. Hence, there is a gap between the ways our cities have been built and the way people perceive them. Above all, neither the plan nor their underlying studies have successfully depicted the city as a social process operating in space. In the course of time, every section and part of the city takes on something of the character and qualities of its inhabitants. In current (urban) planning process, space is dealt to offer on facilities and services people require to have a better life. It is ignored to explore how they perceive their surrounding and every day’s space domain. This paper explores ‘social space’ as a planning tool and examines its potential application in the physical planning process.

Translated and culturally adapted internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in Japanese clinical settings: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundCognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder (CT-SAD) has extensive empirical support and is recommended in several national guidelines. However, ensuring access to evidence-based psychological therapies such as CT-SAD remains a global challenge. An internet-delivered version of this treatment protocol (iCT-SAD) has recently been developed in the UK as a way to overcome this challenge, demonstrating comparable outcomes to face-to-face CT-SAD whilst requiring less therapist time per client. Initial findings also suggest its cross-cultural transferability, but the previous studies in other cultural settings used the English language programme and only included English-fluent participants as a second language. It is not yet known what outcomes can be achieved once the programme has been translated and adapted for a different cultural context. Therefore, this trial aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Japanese iCT-SAD when combined with treatment as usual (TAU) in clients with SAD.MethodsThis two-arm, parallel-group, superiority randomised controlled trial will recruit 60 Japanese participants with SAD, randomly assigning them to either Japanese iCT-SAD + TAU or TAU alone at a ratio of 1:1. The primary outcome measure is the self-report Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, and secondary.outcomes include other measures of social anxiety symptoms and processes, general mood and functioning, and response to treatment. We will also assess treatment acceptability and gather participant feedback. Assessments will take place at baseline (week 0), mid-treatment (week 8), and post-treatment (week 15), with a further 3-month follow-up (week 27) for the iCT-SAD + TAU arm. The primary analyses will be conducted on an intent-to-treat basis, comparing the primary and secondary outcome measures between groups using linear mixed-effect models, along with additional mediation analysis.DiscussionInvestigating the efficacy of translated and culturally adapted iCT-SAD in different cultural contexts is an important step in evaluating the global reach of internet interventions. This trial will provide valuable insights into the effects of iCT-SAD combined with usual care, and how this treatment could be delivered in routine clinical settings in Japan.Trial registrationInternational Standard Randomized Controlled Trials (ISRCTN), ISRCTN82859645, registered on January 19, 2024. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), UMIN000052702, registered on November 6, 2023.

Social odors drive hippocampal CA2 place cell responses to social stimuli.

Hippocampal region CA2 is essential for social memory processing. Interaction with social stimuli induces changes in CA2 place cell firing during active exploration and sharp wave-ripples during rest following a social interaction. However, it is unknown whether these changes in firing patterns are caused by integration of multimodal social stimuli or by a specific sensory modality associated with a social interaction. Rodents rely heavily on chemosensory cues in the form of olfactory signals for social recognition processes. To determine the extent to which olfactory signals contribute to CA2 place cell responses to social stimuli, we recorded CA2 place cells in rats freely exploring environments containing social stimuli that included or lacked olfactory content. We found that CA2 place cell firing patterns significantly changed only when social odors were prominent. Also, place cells that increased their firing in the presence of social odors alone preferentially increased their firing during subsequent sharp wave-ripples. Our results suggest that olfactory cues are essential for changing CA2 place cell firing patterns during and after social interactions. These results support prior work suggesting CA2 performs social functions and shed light on processes underlying CA2 responses to social stimuli.

Families and the legal socialization process: the impact of symbiotic harms

ABSTRACT Past research has offered an important starting point for understanding the legal socialization process, known as one’s ever changing orientation about the legal system. However, little is known about the extent to which family members influence adolescents’ legal socialization. Using the year 15 (wave 6) survey data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study dataset (N = 2,749), the current paper explores the association between parental and sibling police contact and legal cynicism as one dimension in the legal socialization process. This study examines how the family experience of a police stop may be an overlooked mechanism in the transmission of perceptions about the law. Results suggest that teens’ own experiences are important, and sibling police contact strengthens this effect, warranting further exploration of family in legal socialization research. We highlight the potential role of police contact as a symbiotic harm – one that flows between familial relationships.

The Roles of Proactive Personality and Career Satisfaction in the Impact of Employer Brand Attributes Congruence on Creativity.

Although the relationship between employer brand and employee creativity has become a popular theme, this nexus is indirect and ambiguous. Additionally, most studies ignore the consistency of instrumental and symbolic attributes when discussing the consequences of employer brand. This study explored the mechanism of employer brand attributes congruence on employee creativity through career satisfaction, and further revealed the moderating role of proactive personality. Based on the cue consistency theory and the social information processing theory, a polynomial regression model was created and a response surface analysis was conducted using 488 paired questionnaires. The results showed that employer brand attributes congruence impacted employee creativity via career satisfaction. A consistent employer brand strategy is more effective for the creativity of less proactive individuals, while a high-level proactive personality can compensate for the deficiencies of employer brand attributes incongruence. The results complemented employer brand research from the perspective of the instrumental-symbolic attribute configuration and provided supportive empirical evidence of employer brand practices aiming at improving employee creativity. This study has certain practical implications for HR practitioners.

The Security Threat and Precautionary Measures of QR Code of Internet of Things Technology

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the expansion and extension of the traditional network. It is a network that connects goods and objects, which has been widely used in today's social development process. It occupies an important position in various industries. The emergence of the Internet of Things has greatly improved the refinement level of human management. The QR code (Quick Response Code) is a part of the perception layer of the IoT, which belongs to the perception and recognition technology of the IoT. The QR code not only brings convenience to users but also becomes the carrier and disseminator of malware, phishing, and other attacks. Therefore, it is of great significance for the security of the IoT to understand the potential threats of the QR code, analyze its potential attack methods, and put forward defense plans. This paper briefly introduces the basic characteristics of the QR code, as well as some attack methods and potential threats against the QR code, and put forward some preventive measures from both technical and non-technical aspects. The technical aspect includes the combination of cryptography and the introduction of third-party management. The non-technical aspects are discussed at the national and individual user levels.

Limitations of Disembodied Computer-Generated Voice to Convey Emotion in Multimedia Lessons

The goal of this study was to determine whether learning processes and outcomes are affected by the emotional tone of the computer-generated voice in a narrated slideshow. In a between-subjects design, participants viewed a narrated slideshow on lightning formation involving a computer-generated female (Experiment 1) or male voice (Experiment 2) that displayed happy, content, angry, or sad emotion. On subsequent surveys and post-tests, students could recognize positive or negative emotions conveyed by the female voice but not the male voice. The emotional tone of the instructor’s voices had minimal impact on students’ ratings of felt emotion during learning, ratings of social connection with the instructor, or scores on retention and transfer tests of learning outcome. The findings highlight the limitations of computer-generated voices to convey emotions that trigger affective, social, and cognitive processes when an onscreen instructor is absent, thereby suggesting a boundary condition for the cognitive-affective model of e-learning.

Speaker Demographics Modulate Listeners' Neural Correlates of Spoken Word Processing.

In language comprehension, listeners expect a speaker to be consistent in their word choice for labeling the same object. For instance, if a speaker previously refers to a piece of furniture as a "couch," in subsequent references, listeners would expect the speaker to repeat this label instead of switching to an alternative label such as "sofa." Moreover, it has been found that speakers' demographic backgrounds, often inferred from their voice, influence how listeners process their language. The question in focus, therefore, is whether speaker demographics influence how listeners expect the speaker to repeat or switch labels. In this study, we used ERPs to investigate whether listeners expect a child speaker to be less likely to switch labels compared to an adult speaker, given the common belief that children are less flexible in language use. In the experiment, we used 80 pictures with alternative labels in Mandarin Chinese (e.g., yi1sheng1 vs. dai4fu, "doctor"). Each picture was presented twice over two experimental phases: In the establishment phase, participants listened to an adult or a child naming a picture with one of the labels and decided whether the label matched the picture they saw; in the test phase, participants listened to the same speaker naming the same picture by either repeating the original label or switching to an alternative label and, again, decided whether the label matched the picture they saw. ERP results in the test phase revealed that, compared to repeated labels, switched labels elicited an N400 effect (300-600 msec after label onset) and a P600 effect (600-1000 msec after label onset). Critically, the N400 effect was larger when listeners were exposed to the child speaker than to the adult speaker, suggesting that listeners found a switched label harder to comprehend when it was produced by a child speaker than an adult speaker. Our study shows that the perceived speaker demographic backgrounds influence listeners' neural responses to spoken words, particularly in relation to their expectations regarding the speaker's label switching behavior. This finding contributes to a broader understanding of the relationship between social cognition and language processing.

'Not a party to this crime': The reciprocal constitution of identity and morality by signatories of the Academics for Peace petition in Turkey.

In this paper, we examine how social identity, moral obligation and the relationship between the two shaped support for the 2016 Academics for Peace petition in Turkey. We examine the pre-trial statements of nine defendants charged for signing the petition and appearing in court on the same day in December 2018. We first conduct an inductive thematic analysis on one statement, and then, using the themes from this analysis, we conducted a deductive thematic analysis on the remaining eight statements. In line with the existing studies, we find considerable evidence that social identity and moral obligation are invoked as key reasons for signing in this highly repressive context. However, rather than these being separate factors, the two are reciprocally constitutive. That is, social identities define moral obligations and, at the same time, enacting moral obligations defines identity (both the position of the individual in the group and the nature of the group in the world). In discussion, we consider the broader implications of a moralized view of social identities for our understanding of both collective action and social identity processes more generally.