Social Clause Research Articles

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SELF-HELP GROUPS (SHGS) IN MEWAT DISTRICT OF HARYANA STATE

Women's empowerment has been visible in recent years as a focal topic in determining their status. To connect SHGs with banks, NABARD started a project in 1991 under which 500 support groups were linked with banks. Empowerment is a process of creating awareness among women through knowledge, education, and skills. While the savings made by women improve their economic status, they can also enhance their decision-making process. The objective of the analysis is intended to replicate the social impact of the self-help group of women to investigate the changes in the SHGs social clause, to assess the influence of the SHGs on the social status of individuals and to differentiate the attitude of individuals from the SHGs and their social impact. Microcredit plays an important role in promoting socio-economic development. The objective of SHG is to ensure health as well as to empower women financially.

The Role of International Trade Agreements in Shaping Labor Standards and Worker Rights

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the role of International Trade Agreements in Shaping Labor Standards and Worker Rights Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed that trade agreements have both positive and negative impacts on labor standards depending on the specific provisions, implementation strategies, and contextual factors. While some agreements contribute to the convergence of labor standards and promote improvements in areas such as workplace safety and environmental regulations, others may lead to downward pressure on labor standards due to intensified competition and weakened enforcement mechanisms. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Neo-liberal theory, dependency theory & institutional theory may be used to anchor future studies on the international trade agreements in shaping labor standards and worker rights. Enhance the capacity of international organizations and national governments to monitor and enforce labor standards effectively within the framework of trade agreements. This includes investing in robust inspection systems, implementing transparent reporting mechanisms, and providing adequate resources for enforcement agencies. Embed comprehensive social clauses in trade agreements that prioritize the protection of labor rights and promote decent work for all. These clauses should encompass core labor standards as defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO), along with provisions for non-discrimination, gender equality, and social protection.

Sustainable procurement: social clauses and CSR impacts from a highway perspective

Sustainable procurement: social clauses and CSR impacts from a highway perspective

Rights redux: the return of human rights at the WTO

The conventional wisdom is that human rights have long been off the negotiating agenda at the World Trade Organization (WTO). The failed attempt by Northern states to include a ‘social clause’ in WTO rules during the late 1990s and early 2000s is often cited as having foreclosed bringing human rights to bear in multilateral trade negotiations. This article challenges this traditional view, demonstrating that states are mobilizing human rights at the WTO to shape current global trade rulemaking. Moreover, in sharp contrast to the prevailing assumption that developed countries are the primary champions of human rights in the trade regime and developing countries the opponents, I show that developing countries have in fact become key protagonists in marshalling human rights at the WTO. To illustrate these claims, I examine how developing countries mobilize human rights norms, principles and discourse to shape global trade rulemaking in two of the most contentious issues in recent WTO negotiations: The use of public food stockholding for food security purposes and a TRIPS waiver to ensure access to COVID-19 vaccines.

"The Oil Industry in Mexico, Corporate Social Responsibility and Local Development. Social Clauses in the Oil Contracts. Real Alternative for Development?"

"The Oil Industry in Mexico, Corporate Social Responsibility and Local Development. Social Clauses in the Oil Contracts. Real Alternative for Development?"

SOCIAL CLAUSES AS AN INSTRUMENT SUPPORTING THE SOCIAL ECONOMY SECTOR

Based on the research results, the article presents opinions of the representatives of social economy sector and local authorities on the current use of social clauses indicated in public procurement regulations, which are a tool oriented at increase of participation of the social economy sector in the public procurement market. The research confirms low usage of social clauses mechanism. The main constraints in use of these tools by local authorities include: lack of sufficient knowledge about social benefits arising from providing social services by social economy units and fear of using a legal measure that limits competition of entities operating on the free market. The respondents underline that information about the goals of social economy and the its potential are the basis for activities aimed at increasing interest in using the social clause mechanism.

Are social and environmental clauses a tool for favoritism? Analysis of French public procurement contracts

This article analyzes the use of social and environmental clauses in public procurement contracts. After describing the current French legal context, it shows how a mechanism design approach can explain the factors that theoretically justify such practices, potentially including favoritism and rent-seeking. An empirical analysis is then carried out on the French public procurement data set for the year 2017. It illustrates the weight of political preferences in the choice to resort to social clauses and the weight of the preferences of the local chief executive to explain the use of environmental clauses. It also highlights that social and environmental clauses do not seem to be used as a tool for favoritism.

The Role of the Public University of Navarre in Achieving the 1st SDG for the End of Poverty

The end of poverty is the first of the 17 sustainable development goals of the United Nations. Universities are strategic spaces for promoting the SDGs, from training, research, and outreach capacity to implementing sustainable actions, helping to reduce inequalities and, significantly, promoting sustainable cities and communities. This article aims to answer how the Public University of Navarre contributes to promoting the 1st SDG, what mechanisms for the end of poverty endorses in its territory, and what can we learn from these experiences. To this end, a case study has been carried out based on qualitative techniques. This work analyzes the strategies implemented, such as incorporating social clauses for responsible recruiting, the development of applied research and teaching or network participation. From this example, some engaging lessons will be extracted to address this issue in other contexts, promoting their consolidation and identifying the obstacles that may hinder their spread.

Sustainable public procurement as a form of support for social economy entities in Poland

Sustainable public procurement pursuing additional social objectives may serve as an effective instrument of support for the social economy sector, which is particularly significant in Poland since it suffers from a low level of social entrepreneurship. This paper focuses on the analysis of implementation of sustainable public procurement as a means of support for the social economy sector in Poland. It discusses the legal development of sustainable public procurement, achieved by introducing the specific legal regulations in the form of social clauses and presenting the results of the research concerning the practical application of socially responsible public procurement as the support tool for social economy entities.

THE ROLE OF LAW IN LABOR FIELD IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA

In the free market era, Indonesia (as a developing country, which has dependency to foreign investment) is under pressured by foreign investor including in the matters of regulation in the labor field. The pressing is done through the relation between standardization and international trade, which is called social clause, the place where we can dismiss the developing country’s chance to use low wages rules and soft law enforcement as cooperative advantages which at last eliminate the advanteages from international trade. Indonesia has to find out the way to solve the two big problems. First, how to make all the parties have same position in the production process for achievement of company progress and second, how to create harmonization of law in labor field between ASEAN member countries in the globalization era for preventing company relocation among ASEAN member countries themselves.

The ambiguous role of social clauses in European directive 2014/24

Public procurements represent a strategic solution to deliver “collateral” effects on the environment and social protection fields. As a reaction to the pro-market decisions of the Court of Justice, European Institutions demanded the revision of the 2004 Directives, in order to enhance the social use of procurements. The 2014 Directive embodies a remarkable shift in this direction. The new Directive nonetheless does not seem to sort out all issues regarding the application of social clauses especially those prescribing minimum pay rates

The Requirement of Employment under an Employment Relationship in Public Procurement and the Protective Function of the Labour Law

The issues included in the article focus on a tool ensuring compliance with provisions of the social law and labour law, as well as collective agreements (so-called cross-cutting “social clause” or horizontal clause) and more precisely on the analysis of regulations of Polish Public Procurement Law related to the requirement posed in relation to economic operators or subcontractors, concerning mandatory employment of staff under an employment relationship when they execute public procurement contracts. The regulation fulfils the protective function of the labour law, underlying the priority of employment. It was emphasized that socially responsible public procurement are inseparably connected with compliance with the provisions of the labour law, whose main aim is to protect the employee. The article also analyses selected issues concerning socially responsible public procurement and the notion of an employment relationship.

Enforceable Social Clauses in Trade Agreements with ‘Bite’? Implications of the EU–South Korea Panel of Experts Report of 20 January 2021

Enforceable Social Clauses in Trade Agreements with ‘Bite’? Implications of the EU–South Korea Panel of Experts Report of 20 January 2021

Southern social world-regionalisms: The place of health in nine African regional economic communities

This article presents key results from a comparative qualitative Social Policy study of nine African regional economic communities’ (RECs) regional health policies. The article asks to what extent has health been incorporated into RECs’ public policy functions and actions, and what similarities and differences are evident among the RECs. Utilising a World Health Organization (WHO) framework for conceptualising health systems, the research evidence routes the article’s arguments towards the following principal conclusions. First, the health sector is a key component of the public policy functions of most of the RECs. In these RECs, innovations in health sector organisation are notable; there is considerable regulatory, organisational, resourcing and programmatic diversity among the RECs alongside under-resourcing and fragmentation within each of them. Second, there are indications of important tangible benefits of regional cooperation and coordination in health, and growing interest by international donors in regional mechanisms through which to disburse health and -related Official Development Assistance (ODA). Third, content analysis of RECs’ regional health strategies suggests fairly minimal strategic ambitions as well as significant limitations of current approaches to advancing effective and progressive health reform. The lack of emphasis on universal health care and reliance on piecemeal donor funding are out of step with approaches and recommendations increasingly emphasising health systems development, sector-wide approaches (SWAPs) and primary health care as the bedrock of health services expansion. Overall, the health component of RECs’ development priorities is consistent with an instrumentalist social policy approach. The development of a more comprehensive sustainable world-regional health policy is unlikely to come from the African Continental Free-Trade Area, which lacks requisite social and health clauses to underpin ‘positive’ forms of regional integration.

Anti-Corruption Provisions in International Investment Agreements: Investor Obligations, Sustainability Considerations, and Symmetric Balance

ABSTRACT Incorporating anti-corruption provisions into international investment agreements is a vital step for governments to address transnational corruption in international investment. This empirical study analyses a category of anti-corruption provisions that fosters compliance by investors. These anti-corruption provisions address anti-corruption issues either within corporate social responsibility clauses or through ‘carve-out’ statements. The former encourages investors to voluntarily comply with corporate social responsibility, including anti-corruption commitments, while the latter imposes direct obligations on investors by denying substantive treaty protection or access to arbitration if their investments were obtained through corruption. However, these provisions are unsatisfactory in terms of achieving their intended objectives: promoting sustainable development and achieving a symmetrical balance between investors and states. This paper addresses two central weaknesses of anti-corruption provisions. First, corporate social responsibility-based anti-corruption provisions are soft law norms that result in limited obligations or effects. Second, ‘carve-out’ anti-corruption provisions actually favour states’ interests, because they solely evaluate investors’ conduct without considering a state’s corrupt act. This paper recommends that, in addition to promoting responsible and corruption-free investments on the investor side, states should commit to take necessary measures to promote the integrity of public officials, establish cooperation and improve anti-corruption standards, and preserve sufficient remedial measures for investors in cases of solicitation by state officials.

MELACAK SIGNIFIKANSI PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL ISLAM DI INDONESIA

This research is a literature study related to Islamic multicultural education in Indonesia. Data collection was carried out through various sources that can be used in relation to the problems of Islamic multicultural education in Indonesia. In searching some literature using a search engine or maybe it is easier to index any type of document. For example, we use Google Scholar with a query containing Social Network clauses, of course the number of clauses will be generated with a list of related documents. The results show that education, whatever its form, must not lose its multicultural dimension, including religious and scientific education, because of the realities in life is essentially multidimensional. Likewise, humans themselves are essentially multidimensional creatures. Therefore, to overcome the existing humanitarian problems, there is no other way than to use a multidimensional approach. And, in it is multicultural education. Indonesia is a country that has ethnic diversity but has the same goal, namely towards a just, prosperous and prosperous society. Given this reality, it is important to develop multicultural education, which is an educational process that provides equal opportunities to all children of the nation regardless of treatment due to differences in ethnicity, culture and religion, which gives respect to diversity, and which gives equal rights to ethnic groups. minorities, in an effort to strengthen unity and integrity, national identity and the image of the nation in the eyes of the international community. In the case of multicultural education, schools must design the learning process, prepare curriculum and evaluation designs, and prepare teachers who have multicultural perceptions, attitudes and behaviors, so that they become parts that make a positive contribution to the development of multicultural attitudes of their students.

PROBLEMATIKA, PERANAN DAN FUNGSI PERENCANAAN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA

This research is a literature study related to problems, the role and function of education planning in Indonesia. Data collection was carried out through various sources that can be used in relation to the problems of Islamic multicultural education in Indonesia. In searching some literature using a search engine or maybe it is easier to index any type of document. For example, we use Google Scholar with a query containing Social Network clauses, of course the number of clauses will be generated with a list of related documents. The conclusion in this study is that the existence of problems in education in Indonesia also causes constraints in education planning in Indonesia. The education system in Indonesia must be planned by considering various things. Planning is an activity to see the future in terms of determining policies, priorities and costs of education by prioritizing the existing realities in the economic, social and political fields to develop the state education system and students served by this system. This means that in planning the national education system must consider economic, social, political and cultural factors. The education system in our country has undergone many changes, this may be due to educational planning that does not understand the aspects involved in it, so that our national education system is unable to match the conditions of Indonesian society and the resulting graduates are not relevant to the needs of the workforce. This makes it difficult for our country's human resources (HR) to compete with foreign human resources. The functions and roles of educational planning are as follows: 1) As a guide for the implementation of educational development activities. 2) As a means of controlling the implementation of education development. 3) As a tool to ensure the quality of educational development. 4) As a means of achieving educational goals effectively and efficiently. 5) As a means to ensure the smooth achievement of educational development goals. 6) As a means of clarifying the vision, mission and strategy of education development. 7) As a logical and systematic tool to change the education system for the better.

To hire or not to hire: the ambivalent impact of social rehire clauses on the Transfer of Undertakings Directive

Most EU countries are experiencing an increased use of Collective Labour Agreement clauses – Social Rehire Clauses – that oblige incoming service providers, while taking over a service, to employ all or part of outgoing providers’ personnel or at least give these workers priority future hiring. In the established case law of the Court of Justice, rehiring personnel is considered a crucial element, which may trigger the application of Council Directive 2001/23 on transfers of undertakings. This article defends the need to keep Social Rehire Clauses outside the material scope of the Directive, in order to respect social partners’ collective autonomy and prevent opportunistic behaviours, while promoting a fair competition between employers. Constitutionally justified under Article 3(3) TEU, and Articles 9, 147 and 151(1) TFEU, the protection of employment pursued by Social Rehire Clauses should be interpreted as legitimate limitation to the economic freedoms enshrined in the Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights.

A STUDY ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SELF- HELP GROUPS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VILLUPURAM DISTRICT IN TAMIL NADU

The empowerment of women has been apparent as a focal issue in deciding their status in recent years. The target of the examination are to replicate the social effect of women self help group, to look into the adjustments in the social clause SHGs, to gauge the effect of the SHGs on the social state of the individuals, and to dissect the demeanour of the individuals from the SHGs towards social effect. The investigation is distinct nature. Just essential information has been made utilized off with the end goal of examination. Essential information has been gathered through a field overview. The example size of the examination is 300 respondents. The specialist has utilized stratified random testing. The survey has used to gather the information from respondents. The study area is Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu. The collected data has been analysed using discriminant analysis. The study would be immensely useful to researchers, planners and policy makers in overcome the problems of women and in formulating strategies for the social progress and empowerment women through SHGs in Tamilnadu in general and predominantly in Villupuram District.

The Linkage Between Labour Standards and International Trade: How to Offset the Global Inequality?1

AbstractFrom a historical point of view, the linkage between core labour standards and global trade has been recurrent for 200 years. Supporters of such a correlation argue that countries that do not respect the International Labour Organization (ILO) core labour standards gain competitive advantage that can result in a ‘race to the bottom’ phenomenon. Critics claim that protectionism and false humanitarianism is hidden behind this concept. Despite a long debate on this subject, there is still significant divergence in power between developed and developing countries. A response to the plight of many workers is still needed. Thus, the author will focus on some attempts to resolve existing problems, mainly: whether labour standards should be left to the ILO, included in the World Trade Organization (WTO) agenda or both forces should be combined; whether the inclusion of a social clause in trade agreements could improve the situation of workers; whether the imposition of trade sanctions on countries that do not adhere to the core labour standards could ensure the extension of fundamental rights of workers on their citizens. The author will also comment on the concept of a global labour and trade framework agreement (GLTFA), that is, the proposal based on international framework agreements and ILO tripartite system.