Social Charter Research Articles

Забезпечення справедливої винагороди персоналу на рівні інституційного регулювання та нr-менеджменту

Обґрунтовано, що забезпечення справедливої винагороди персоналу вимагає консолідації інституційної сфери механізму державного регулювання (профспілкових організацій як юридично встановлених структур захисту прав працівників; органів державної влади, які через створення умов бізнес-середовища та регламентацію концептуальних засад управління персоналом мотивують роботодавців до відповідних кроків) та HR-менеджменту (роботодавців як суб’єктів господарювання). Деталізовано процес забезпечення справедливої винагороди персоналу за інституційним, функціональним, ресурсним забезпечення, управлінським інструментарієм та поточними управлінськими діями. Охарактеризовано механізм нової системи мотивації та оплати праці персоналу, що включає: диференціацію персоналу; проведення оцінювання посад працівників; вибір системи оплати праці, її форм, видів; вибір системи додаткових пільг і нематеріальної мотивації; формування структури компенсаційних пакетів.

Міжнародно-правові стандарти соціального захисту людей похилого віку

The peculiarities of regulating the right of the elderly to social protection at the international legal level are defined, the main international legal acts in this field are described. Among the international instruments relevant for the social protection of the elderly are: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the European Social Charter, the International Aging Plan

La protección de las minorías: un desafío en clave de constitucionalismo multinivel

El tratamiento jurídico-constitucional de las minorías y su protección en un contexto estatal donde la mayoría puede anular lo que es diferente a ella, constituye una problemática a afrontar en auge en la realidad multicultural en la que nos desenvolvemos, profundamente influenciada por los avances en política social y una moderna comprensión del sistema democrático. La protección en el marco jurídico-constitucional de estos grupos, la definición del concepto de “minoría” sin que haya sido posible alcanzar un consenso, así como el limitado reconocimiento en España de su realidad, son objeto de análisis en este trabajo.

(Zrewidowana) Europejska Karta Społeczna jako międzynarodowy standard chroniący prawa wynikające z systemu zabezpieczenia społecznego w okresie przemian ekonomiczno-społecznych

The article analyzes the rights in the area of social security resulting from the European Social Charter and the Revised European Social Charter. The study presents both standards resulting directly from the provisions of the above-mentioned treaties as well as requirements interpreted by the European Committee of Social Rights. Particular attention was paid to the guarantees of the social security system and protection of entitled persons in the event of the necessity to limit the level of granted benefits, especially in the event of an economic crisis.

European Social Charter in the Constitutional Review of National Laws: the Decisive Application of Art. 24 by the Italian Constitutional Court

European Social Charter in the Constitutional Review of National Laws: the Decisive Application of Art. 24 by the Italian Constitutional Court

Living wages in international and European law

A number of countries worldwide provide for a statutory minimum wage. Generally speaking, however, it is not a living wage, although the right to a living wage is guaranteed in a variety of agreements under both international and European law. The Council of Europe’s European Social Charter (ESC), for example, codifies a living wage and, according to the case-law of its supervisory body, the level of 60 per cent of the net average wage is to be taken as the basis for appropriate remuneration. This article argues that the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union also incorporates the right to a living wage, which should be at least 60 per cent of the net average wage. The Charter is legally binding for EU institutions, agencies and other bodies. Member States are bound only to the extent that the material scope of the relevant EU laws has been opened, which is the case when EU law is implemented or when obligations arising out of specific Union legislation are required for the relevant subject area, as will be explained in the article. In purely national situations nevertheless, values laid down in international law have to be observed when interpreting national laws.

El Derecho a la Seguridad Social ante el Comité Europeo de Derechos Sociales

A partir de un breve estudio de la Carta Social Europea de 1961, sus protocolos y la Carta Social Europea Revisada, en el presente trabajo, con base en la interpretación autorizada que hace el Comité Europeo de Derechos Sociales al momento de pronunciarse sobre los informes presentados por los Estados, se exponen los requerimientos mínimos que deben reunir los sistemas de seguridad para ajustarse a la Carta de 1961 y a la Carta revisada, así como la justiciabilidad del derecho a la seguridad social en el procedimiento de reclamaciones colectivas.Recibido: 10 octubre 2018Aceptado: 21 junio 2019Publicación en línea: 31 julio 2019

Реализация минимальных прав вынужденных мигрантов в странах Европейского союза: опыт Итальянской Республики и Королевства Испания

INTRODUCTION. Forced migration is one of the most difficult global problems. There is a clear interdependence between the problem of refugees and the issue of human rights, since human rights violations are one of the main reasons for the mass exodus of people from their countries of origin. It is also clear that counties that provide asylum have a sustainable practice of respecting the human dignity. Forced migrants have rights that must be respected during all stages of the exodus. We are talking about the fundamental rights and freedoms proclaimed in international and regional human rights treaties, primarily the protection of human dignity and the restoration of the minimum rights of people who left their countries of origin. This article discusses the problems of realization of the minimum rights of forced migrants, that is, those rights that guarantee survival and an adequate standard of living. The authors conduct a detailed study of national legislation in the field of forced migration of such European countries as Italy and Spain. In particular, this article analyzes recent legislative changes adopted in this countries in the field of asylum and the consequences for the realization of fundamental rights of refugees and asylum seekers. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This research is based on the analysis of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966, the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees of 1951, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950, European Social Charter of 1961, European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights of 2000, UNHCR standards for receiving asylum seekers, and also an in-depth analysis of the national legislation of Italy and Spain in the field of forced migration. The methodological basis of the research consists of both general scientific (comparative historical and statistical methods, methods of generalization and systems analysis, case-study approach) and specific scientific (formal legal and comparative legal methods, method of interpretation of legal norms) research methods. RESULTS OF RESEARCH. On the basis of the analysis of international treaties, European and national legislation, judicial practice of states, as well as doctrinal studies of different researches, the authors formulate some conclusions related to the main problems of legislative regulation and the implementation of minimum rights of forced migrants in such EU member states as Italy and Spain. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Despite the existence of international and, in particular, European standards in the field of human rights, practically those rights that are necessary for survival and maintenance of an adequate standard of living of people who have applied for asylum are not always fully respected. The experience of the Italian Republic and the Kingdom of Spain shows that fundamental rights of refugees can be often violated both during the examination of asylum applications and after their satisfaction. The absence of a unified legislative base, the tendency to pursue a more restrictive policy in the field of forced migration and unresolved problems of asylum legislation entail significant impediments for the realization in these countries of the basic rights of one of the most vulnerable category of people as forced migrants.

2019/4 The Italian Jobs Act (Legislative Decree no. 23 of 2015) reforming the protection against unfair dismissal contrasts with the European Social Charter 1996 (IT)

2019/4 The Italian Jobs Act (Legislative Decree no. 23 of 2015) reforming the protection against unfair dismissal contrasts with the European Social Charter 1996 (IT)

The asymmetric evolution of the social case-law of the Court of Justice: new challenges in the context of the European pillar of social rights

The author highlights the paradoxical evolution of CJEU’s case-law in the field of social rights and how in the past, it has played a praetorian role in a context of implied powers and modest EU primary legal provisions whereas now, it is showing clear self-restraint under explicit competences and an evolved EU primary law [including the Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFREU)]. From this perspective, the author proposes the opening of the CJEU to the new framework of the European Pillar of Social Rights, as part of the broader Turin process for the European Social Charter, through positive judicial willingness (by taking into account the synergies between the EU and the Council of Europe – including the case-law from the European Committee of Social Rights).

Fighting Housing Discrimination in Europe

ABSTRACTThere is no exact European equivalent to the U.S. Fair Housing Act. The member states of the European Union (EU) have transposed into law the EU Racial Equality Directive of 2000 that prohibits discrimination in, among other things, access to the supply of goods and services, including housing, on the basis of race. Most housing discrimination case law so far comes from nonbinding decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and European Committee of Social Rights under the revised European Social Charter of the Council of Europe. This article explains how the European context of discrimination and segregation differs from the American, reviews the major legal conventions establishing equal rights in housing, protected classes, and key precedents. It discusses how mixing policies in social housing are the primary mechanism to reduce residential segregation in Europe. The special case of extreme discrimination against the Roma is presented, before concluding with some comparative observations.

Austerity Measures in Greece and Social Rights Protection under the European Social Charter: Comment on GSEE v. Greece case, Complaint No. 111/2014, European Committee of Social Rights, 5 July 2017

On the 5th of July 2017, the European Committee of Social Rights published another decision adopted under the collective complaints procedure, condemning Greece for violating plenty of the European Social Charter provisions concerning labour rights by implementing austerity measures between 2010 and 2014. The Committee adopted a dynamic and analytical interpretation of the Charter setting new criteria, such as the need to take into account the social needs of the most vulnerable when legislating and went even further than in its previous decisions in terms of social rights protection by producing a precedent that can be used as a tool against the application of austerity policies. This paper analyses GSEE v. Greece, Complaint No. 111/2014 before the Committee and attempts to review it under a multi-level context.

The European Committee of Social Rights’ stance on the Greek austerity measures: a pan-European wake-up call for a European Social Charter Reform

The European Committee of Social Rights’ stance on the Greek austerity measures: a pan-European wake-up call for a European Social Charter Reform

Lojalność a klauzula sumienia

The shortcomings discovered by the European Committee of Social Rights in case CGIL v. Italy which exist in the provision of abortion services as a result of decrease in the number of hospitals or nursing homes where abortions are carried out nation-wide, significant number of hospitals where there are no non-objecting gynecologists are employed create disproportionate relationship between the legal request to terminate pregnancy and the number of available non-objecting competent health personnel remain unremedied and women seeking access to abortion services continue to face substantial difficulties in obtaining access to such services in practice. The aforementioned health facilities do not adopt the necessary measure in order to compensate for the deficiencies in services caused by health personnel who decide to invoke their right to conscientious objection. These situations may invoke considerable risks for the health and well-being of the women concerned which contrary to the right to protection of health guaranteed by the Revised European Social Charter.

Right to Social Security of Employment Migrants in European Union

The article deals with the issue of social security of employment of migrants from third-countries to the European Union. This publication gives a short overview of literature and more detailed outlook of international, interstate, and national legal sources, conferring rights of third-countries workers employed in the EU. The author commences the analysis from the legal background for social security right safeguards. Following this goal, the documents of the Council of Europe are researched, particularly European Social Charter (revised). As per the EU regulation of migrants’ right to social security guarantees, there are sources studied or referred to in the article. The Treaty of Lisbon and the EU directives are mentioned as legal sources, including latest development in the EU social security law.It is stated on different approaches to social security provisions exercised by a Member State. The vision of problem of insufficient attention to victims of illegal employment of immigrants and their vulnerability is developed. Certain analysis of Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU regarding social security, migration issues, and principles of cooperation in given sphere is presented.Article received 15.05.2018

Social and Legal Issues of Corporal Punishment of Children

Research problem. A democratic state is guided by the rule of law and the principles of the human rights and freedoms. Ratifying the European Convention on Human Rights and The European Social Charter or Revised European Social Charter, Member States undertake to respect all people of their jurisdiction rights, including all children. The child is not the family or the state property. Child is a citizen from birth, so it is necessary to look seriously into each such member public offense. When we talk about the criminal cruelty, especially in serious case of child rights violation (murder, sexual assault, and so on), everyone unanimity agree, that no one member of the society cannot tolerate such child abuse. But society begins to split into different camps – from the positive approach into the sentence, to the punishment classification into violence-category - when the discussion is tilting about the child's upbringing without violence. This tendency is due to several reasons. First is that a deliberate arm lift against a child is the belief that slapping "educated" child will become better. Second, parenting is the natural values, or in other words, the right of parents to educate their children in their own training methods. The aim of this article is to provide legal assessment of corporal punishment of children for educational purposes. In order to achieve this aim will be analyse the position of legislator of corporal punishment of children for educational purposes; by analyse proposals and ideas regarding delimitation of corporal punishment, to single out the theories of corporal punishment of children for educational purposes in criminal law jurisprudence.

Assessing the Compliance of the United Kingdom’s Social Security System with its Obligations under the European Social Charter

Assessing the Compliance of the United Kingdom’s Social Security System with its Obligations under the European Social Charter

Limits of Enjoyment of Human Rights in the System of the European Social Charter

The article presents a detailed discussion of the derogation of commitments and the limitation of the use of human rights in the European Social Charter system. Some situations in which social rights can be subject to limitations have been discussed in specific examples. In addition, the article contains numerous references to jurisprudence along with the comments and comments of the author who takes up the polemic.

Experience in Improving Legislation on Working Hours in the European Union and Selected Countries

The article examines the legislation on working hours in the European Union. The author analyzes the fundamental acts regulating working hours within the European Union. Particular attention is given to the analysis of norms directly related to the working time regime enshrined in the European Social Charter, the Charter of the European Union and the Directive of the European Parliament and Council. The article carries out a comparative legal analysis, considers provisions for the regulation of the institution of working hours common for all Member States, which represent the minimum level of guarantees of workers' rights that each EU country must respect. The problems of regulation of labor legislation on working hours in the EU countries (cases of Germany and Greece) are studied. In addition to the standard working hours, the author identifies non-standard working time regimes in the labor legislation of the countries of the European Union. After studying the legislation on working hours of the EU countries, the author makes final conclusions.

The Right to Healthcare in the Common European Asylum System

Abstract This article seeks to ascertain the role of healthcare in the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). The article is structured as follows. First, it outlines the international conceptualisation of healthcare in the International Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the European Social Charter (ESC) before delving into the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Second, focusing on the European Union (EU), it analyses the role of Article 35 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter) in order to verify its impact on the development of the CEAS. Third, and in conclusion, it will argue that the identification of the role of healthcare in the CEAS should be understood in light of the Charter’s scope of application. This interpretative approach will be beneficial for asylum seekers and undocumented migrants, as well as for the Member States (MSs).