Social Characteristics Research Articles

Navigating Educational and Urban Landscapes: Middle-Class School Choice Strategies in Local Education Markets

ABSTRACT The middle-classes use school choice as a strategy of class reproduction and comparative advantage. In this article, we show how middle-class parental school choice strategies are spatially dependent and how schooling preferences and final choices are bounded by the social and educational characteristics of the local education market of their neighborhood of residence in the city of Barcelona. Our findings reveal interesting differences relating to the search process and final decisions, which are dependent on parental preferences and risk perception in the different local education markets. Reflections on some policy implications of the analysis are considered in the conclusions.

Psycho-social predictors of motivation for treatment in patients with mental disorders: the role of adverse childhood experiences and internalized stigma.

IntroductionMotivation for treatment is an important socio-psychological characteristic of patients, which is subject to the joint influence of various factors, each of which may require specific rehabilitation interventions.ObjectivesTo analyze and evaluate the cumulative influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE), internal stigma, social characteristics on the intensity of treatment motivation in patients with mental disorders.Methods 102 patients with mental disorders were examined using Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACEQ), Russian-language validated Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale and Treatment Motivation Assessment Questionnaire (TMAQ).Results As a result of regression analysis (table 1), a model was obtained that predicted an increase in the chances of high patient’s motivation for treatment with an increase in the total score of ACEs (ACEQ total score) and with higher education. The overall severity of internal stigma (ISMI total score) did not show a significant effect on the chances of developing intense motivation in patients. Table 1.Model of logistic regression analysis of educational, ACE total score and ISMI total score with the severity of motivation for treatment.PredictorBSEpExp (B)95% confidence interval for EXP(B)Secondary education1,1200,6990,1093,0650,778-12,074Higher education1,9720,775,0117,1891,574-32,834ISMI total score-0,4350,7730,5740,6470,142-2,946ACEQ total score0,3460,1470,0191,4141,060-1,886After post data analysis (table 2), a cut-off point was established for the ACEQ total score of 4 points, corresponding to an increased chances of high patient’s treatment motivation. Table 2.Results of the test ROC analysis for ACEQ total score and the severity of motivation for treatment.CutpointSensitivity (%)Specificity (%)Youden’s indexAUC364.71%53.57%0.1830.689450%75%0.2500.689538.24%85.71%0.2390.689ConclusionsACEs may likely be a source of posttraumatic growth in adulthood in patients with mental illness specially if their count amounts to 4 or more variants. The role of social and psychological characteristics of patients with mental disorders in the psychology of the treatment process should be considered systemically, rather than discretely.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Neighborhood features moderate genetic and environmental influences on children's social information processing.

Neighborhood is a key context where children learn to process social information; however, the field has largely overlooked the ways children's individual characteristics might be moderated by neighborhood effects. We examined 1,030 six- to 11-year-olds (48.7% female; 82% White) twin pairs oversampled for neighborhood disadvantage from the Twin Study of Behavioral and Emotional Development in Children. We evaluated neighbor reports (N = 1,880) of neighborhood structural and social characteristics as moderators of genetic and environmental influences on children's social processing. Although there was no evidence of moderation for children's hostile attributions, there was robust evidence that the social and structural characteristics of the neighborhood moderated the genetic and environmental origins of children's positive expectations of aggressive behavior. Specifically, we found that genetic influences on aggressive expectations increased in the presence of neighborhood deprivation and decreased in the presence of protective social processes and availability of resources. Such findings suggest that protective neighborhood social processes may buffer against the development of aggressive expectations during middle childhood by suppressing the expression of genetic influences on those outcomes. In doing so, they suggest that neighborhood social processes may be able to promote youth resilience to neighborhood deprivation "under the skin." (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Australian Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative: Systematic Review and Consensus Process to Determine the Predictive Value of Demographic, Injury Event, and Social Characteristics on Outcomes for People With Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

The objective of the Australian Traumatic Brain Injury (AUS-TBI) Initiative is to develop a data dictionary to inform data collection and facilitate prediction of outcomes of people who experience moderate-severe TBI in Australia. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the association between demographic, injury event, and social characteristics with outcomes, in people with moderate-severe TBI, to identify potentially predictive indicators. Standardized searches were implemented across bibliographic databases to March 31, 2022. English-language reports, excluding case series, which evaluated the association between demographic, injury event, and social characteristics, and any clinical outcome in at least 10 patients with moderate-severe TBI were included. Abstracts and full text records were independently screened by at least two reviewers in Covidence. A pre-defined algorithm was used to assign a judgement of predictive value to each observed association. The review findings were discussed with an expert panel to determine the feasibility of incorporation of routine measurement into standard care. The search strategy retrieved 16,685 records; 867 full-length records were screened, and 111 studies included. Twenty-two predictors of 32 different outcomes were identified; 7 were classified as high-level (age, sex, ethnicity, employment, insurance, education, and living situation at the time of injury). After discussion with an expert consensus group, 15 were recommended for inclusion in the data dictionary. This review identified numerous predictors capable of enabling early identification of those at risk for poor outcomes and improved personalization of care through inclusion in routine data collection.

Examining the Role of Structural and Functional Social Network Characteristics in the Context of Chronic Pain: An Ego-centered Network Design

The well-being and functioning of individuals with chronic pain (CP) vary significantly. Social factors, such as social integration, may help explain this differential impact. Specifically, structural (network size, density) as well as functional (perceived social support, conflict) social network characteristics may play a role. However, it is not yet clear whether and how these variables are associated with each other. Objectives were to examine 1) both social network characteristics in individuals with primary and secondary CP, 2) the association between structural network characteristics and mental distress and functioning/participation in daily life, and 3) whether the network’s functionality mediated the association between structural network characteristics and mental distress, respectively, functioning/participation in daily life. Using an online ego-centered social network tool, cross-sectional data were collected from 303 individuals with CP (81.85% women). No significant differences between individuals with fibromyalgia versus secondary CP were found regarding network size and density. In contrast, ANCOVA models showed lower levels of perceived social support and higher levels of conflict in primary (vs secondary) CP. Structural equation models showed that 1) larger network size indirectly predicted lower mental distress via lower levels of conflict; 2) higher network density increased mental distress via the increase of conflict levels. Network size or density did not (in)directly predict functioning/participation in daily life. The findings highlight that the role of conflict, in addition to support, should not be underestimated as a mediator for mental well-being. Research on explanatory mechanisms for associations between the network’s structure, functionality, and well-being is warranted. PerspectiveThis paper presents results on associations between structural (network size, density) and functional (social support, conflict) social network characteristics and well-being in the context of CP by making use of an ego-centered network design. Results suggest an indirect association between structural network characteristics and individuals with CP their mental well-being.

PHONETIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH DIALECTS

The article examines the term dialect is often used in the sense of regional, local or geographic varieties of a language mainly used in oral speech. A language belongs to a nation or nations, as English does, therefore it is a social phenomenon, understandable by all its members. A language is not a complex combination of individual speech forms. The phonetic and phonological features of a language dialect relationship, natural bilingualism and also some types of speech communities classified by their social characteristics are studiedin a new branch of phonetics, namely social phonetics. Idiolects and dialect speakers are identifiable by their sounds, tone or melody, words and also by expressions and constructions by their phonetics, grammatical, lexical and stylistic features. The distinction between language and dialect is based on the criterion of functional approach.

Long-Term Trends in Psychiatric Day Hospitalization: A Retrospective Study in Algarve, Portugal

IntroductionCurrent healthcare policies encourage the investment in transition units between hospitalization and outpatient care. Psychiatry day hospitals (DH) serve as partial hospitalization structures that facilitate this transition. The DH at the Faro Unit of the Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve (CHUA), began its activity in 2008, is situated in southern Portugal and provides support to the entire eastern Algarve region (approximately 300,000 people). Its focus is on rehabilitating individuals with severe mental illnesses necessitating multidisciplinary care, with personalized therapeutic plans.ObjectivesWe aimed to categorize patients based on diagnoses (primary psychotic disorder, depressive disorder, and others) according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and to characterize and compare sociodemographic and clinical data among these three groups.MethodsA retrospective study spanning from May 2008 to June 2023 was conducted. We assessed sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiological data of patients undergoing treatment at CHUA Faro Unit’s DH.ResultsOver this period, 541 treatment cycles were carried out to 433 distinct patients, between 18 and 78 years old. Of the total treatments, 38% were for Primary Psychotic Disorder (PPD), 24% for Depressive Disorder (DD) and among the others (39%) the diagnosis of Bipolar Affective Disorder and Personality Disorder predominated . Statistically significant differences were identified among these three groups. The PPD group exhibited a male predominance, whereas DD and others were largely female. Patients in the PPD group were significantly younger (average age of 36 in PPD, 40 in others, and 48 in DD), more likely to be single, and a majority were unemployed (with several patients retired due to disability). No significant differences were noted regarding dropouts, expulsions, or the duration of DH treatment. These results are preliminary, and additional relevant data are being collected and processed.ConclusionsThe diagnostic group’s consideration revealed differences in the social, demographic, and clinical characteristics of patients. These findings offer insights into patient details, enabling the future adaptation of intervention strategies in a more personalized manner.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Медико-социальные особенности акушерско-гинекологического профиля женщин, преодолевших бесплодие с помощью ВРТ.

To increase the birth rate, in addition to increasing the availability of ART, their high effectiveness is necessary. The effectiveness of providing this type of medical care is influenced by a significant number of medical, social and organizational factors. Achieving a positive result during IVF largely depends on the obstetric history of the expectant mother. Purpose. To determine the medical and social characteristics of the obstetric and gynecological profile of patients at the Center for Reproduction and Family Planning who had a positive result in the treatment of infertility using IVF. Materials and methods. Using a specially developed statistical form “Questionnaire for medical and social examination of women suffering from infertility,” an anonymous survey was conducted of 398 women whose pregnancy resulted from the IVF procedure. The significance of differences in indicators was assessed using Student’s t-test. Differences were considered significant at p<0,05. Statistical data processing was carried out using the MS Office‑2016 and StatSoft-Statistica 10.0 software packages. Results. With an average age of onset of sexual activity of 18,82± years, sexual debut before 18 years of age was observed in 32,7% of patients. Most often, for the first time, women sought medical help for infertility within 2–5 years after the start of regular sexual activity (65,4%) (m=3,38±0,17 years) to obstetrician-gynecologists at antenatal clinics and planning centers families (83,0%). Despite the fact that the average age of initial diagnosis of infertility was 28,86±0,34 years, 38,2% of women were diagnosed with infertility after 30 years of age, and 55.3% of all requests for medical help for problems with conception came from private medical organizations. In most cases, before being referred for IVF, women underwent treatment at antenatal clinics and family planning centers (91,3%). The obstetric and gynecological profile of women who have overcome infertility with the help of ART is characterized by: a history of negative IVF results (50.4%), absence of children before this pregnancy (87,0%), low detection of gynecological diseases in childhood (13,1%) and the presence of abortions (27,1%). 38,9% of patients who had a history of pregnancy terminations had two or more abortions (m=1,61±0,03 abortions). In the study group, a high frequency of abortions for medical reasons and spontaneous terminations of pregnancy was revealed (31,5% and 24,1%, respectively). Conclusion. The established obstetric and gynecological profile of women who have overcome infertility with the help of ART has revealed a significant number of medical and social risk factors, which makes it possible to develop organizational measures aimed at improving the provision of medical care to this group of women.

Teachers’ Perception on Personality Traits and Social skills Development of Persons with Disabilities

Persons with Disabilities have problem with the development of appropriate social skills. However, social skill is essential to initiate and maintain positive social relationship among all. Previous studies focused largely on enhancing other skills areas among persons with Disabilities while functional skills development is not well researched. This study therefore, investigated Teachers’ perspectives on personality traits and social skills development among persons with Disabilities in Ibadan. Bandura’s social learning theory formed the bases and framework for the study. Four schools were purposively selected for the study. Forty (40) persons with various fiorms of disabilities were the respondents. The instruments used were Pupils Social Development Checklist (r=0.80), Neuroticism Scale for Children (0.73) and Personality Inventory for Children (Extroversion) (0.73) Scales. Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviations at 0.05 level of significance. There is a significant positive relationship between the social skills development of persons with disabilities and extraversion (r=.368, p (.019) <.05), but there was no significant relationship between social skills development of persons with disabilities and neuroticism (r=-.141, p (.386)>.05) respectively. It was therefore concluded that persons with disabilities are predisposed to display unacceptable social characteristics as a result of peculiar personality traits of an individual persons. It was therefore recommended that teachers and care givers of persons with disabilities should note and pay attention to the fact that most people behave the way they do simply because of their peculiar personality trait as there are significant impact of personality traits on social skills development.

Risk of mortality and cause of death according to kidney function parameters: a nationwide observational study in Korea.

Further study is warranted to determine the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or albuminuria and the risk of death from diverse causes. We screened >10 million general health screening examinees who received health examinations conducted in 2009 using the claims database of Korea. After the exclusion of those previously diagnosed with renal failure and those with missing data, 9,917,838 individuals with available baseline kidney function measurements were included. The primary outcome was mortality and cause-specific death between 2009 and 2019 identified through death certificates based on the diagnostic codes of International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision. Multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted for various clinicodemographic and social characteristics was used to assess mortality risk. The hazard ratio of death was significantly high in both the eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and in the eGFR ≥120 mL/ min/1.73 m2 groups in univariable and multivariable regression analyses when compared to those within the reference range (eGFR of 90-120 mL/min/1.73 m2). The results were similar for death by cardiovascular, cancer, infection, endocrine, respiratory, and digestive causes. We also found that albuminuria was associated with higher risk of death regardless of eGFR range, and those in the higher categories of dipstick albuminuria showed higher risk. We reconfirmed the significant association between eGFR, albuminuria, and mortality. Healthcare providers should keep in mind that albuminuria and decreased eGFR as well as kidney hyperfiltration are independent predictors of mortality.

일본의 몬스터 패어런츠 현상의 정책적 대응에 대한 문헌 고찰

This study aims to examine the analysis and forecasting of the issue of 'monster parents' in Japan. The focus is on 11 research papers published since 2007 that deal with the 'monster parents' topic. The study analyzes the social background, definition, types, characteristics, causes, and response strategies of monster parents. The findings indicate that 'monster parents' are guardians who repeatedly make unreasonable or frequent and continuous demands. The phenomenon of 'monster parents' started appearing in the early 2000s and has continued to be a social issue to the present day. The emergence of monster parents is attributed to factors such as educational reforms and the weakening of teachers' rights. The Japanese government has implemented various response policies, including the distribution of complaint response manuals and the establishment of expert-led complaint response bodies, but these have been deemed insufficient solutions. The educational landscape in Korea currently exhibits a pattern similar to that of Japan in the 2000s. Therefore, the Korean government should consider Japan's case and develop proactive policies based on a detailed analysis of the domestic educational field.

Empowerment of transgender people through intervention and food skill training

Gender is a term that is used when referring to social, cultural, and psychological characteristics that affect and pertain to stereotypes, norms, traits, and roles of men and women “Gender diversity exists in every culture and geographic context. Transgender people are people whose gender identity is different from the gender they were thought to be at birth. "Trans" is often used as a shorthand for transgender. Transgender is an umbrella term for people whose gender identity or gender expression differs from the sex they were designed at birth. Aim and Objectives: To empower the transgender through intervention and food processing training. To collect the socio-demographic profile of the transgender population. To provide the entrepreneurship skill training on food processing. To provide the intervention on reproductive health. Materials and Methods: In this study, 100 transgender persons were selected by a random method. Variables including age, anthropometric factors, food habits were recorded for each case. The socio-demographic variables, anthropometric, clinical assessment, dietary pattern, and associated factors of transgender are evaluated using an appropriate questionnaire. Statistical comparison of means among different groups was performed using SPSS version 17.0. Before and after without control design was adopted for this study, such as design a single test group or area is selected and the dependent variable is measured before the introduction of the treatment. The treatment is then introduced and the dependent variable is measured again after the treatment has been introduced. And provide skill training on food processing-malted foods, Vegetable preservation, and processing, Bakery products development. Results: There were significant differences in anthropometric factors including height, weight, and BMI among the literacy levels (p<0.01). And acquired knowledge on food processing skills, trained to prepare various food products, empowered to start self-employment, Improvement of transgender population living standard.

Coupling fire and energy in the Anthropocene: Deploying scale to analyze social vulnerability to forced electricity outages in California

Extreme events such as wildfires and winter storms result in disruptions to grid-based electricity delivery. Electricity supply disruptions are both reactive, whereby specific events cause damage to physical infrastructure, or anticipatory where electricity suppliers—namely electric utility companies—preemptively de-energize sections of an electrical grid or distribution network based on elevated potential of extreme conditions that may cause wildfire ignition. De-energization has been promoted as a strategy to mitigate risk of wildfire ignition and spread when active fires may encounter distribution/transmission lines. Provision of basic energy services such as electricity are necessary for maintaining a range of essential functions such as communication, which become critical during extreme events. In recent years, Public Safety Power Shutoffs (PSPS) have increasingly been deployed by utility companies in Western U.S states as wildfire risk increases due to combined impacts of anthropogenic climate change, fuel accumulation, and expansion of development in fire prone lands. While the PSPS policy was designed to reduce liability of utilities in igniting fires, there is a dearth of research critically analyzing how the policy affects social vulnerability for populations subjected to periods of de-energization during high-risk fire conditions. This article aims to deepen current understandings of the way scale can be deployed to illustrate the highly spatial nature of relationships coupling electricity supply outages with demographic data to advance limited knowledge on social vulnerability characteristics for specific communities subjected to PSPS. The research engages scale to compare social vulnerability to outages experienced both in Butte County, located in northern California and the state as a whole.

STATE POLICY TO COUNTER CRIME IN BORDER REGIONS IN A DIGITAL SOCIETY

Relevance. Crime in border regions poses the greatest danger to society and the state in the digital world. During the period of digitalization of society, the problem of criminal law risks with the use of information technology is becoming more dangerous, large-scale and intractable. As you know, the era of the dominance of digital technologies has not only positive consequences, opening up new opportunities for the development of society and the state, but also creates additional criminal threats to national security. In such circumstances, government policy is aimed at building an effective system of digital confrontation. In a digital society, the crime prevention system in the border regions of the Russian Federation, although based on the unified legal framework of state policy in the field of combating crime, cannot be the same for all regions of the country. Its construction should take into account regional economic, social, demographic, ethno-confessional, territorial, historical, cultural and national characteristics. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the scientific report is to summarize the criminal risks of digitalization for the national security of border regions and to analyze some areas of state policy in the field of combating crime in a digital society. To achieve this goal, the research uses methods of analysis and synthesis; generalization of expert opinions in various fields of science, materials of legal statistics and investigative practice; analysis of messages in mass media; dialectical and sociological methods. Conclusion. The digitalization of society is associated with an increase in the number of criminal law risks in all areas of public life. At the same time, the development of digital technologies also affects the successful organization of preventive activities within the framework of public policy. The use of achievements in the field of digital technologies makes it possible to significantly improve the criminal procedure and penal enforcement policy of

The importance of green human capital in green logistic processes in Polish enterprises

Due to the high market dynamics, economic and environmental, constantly growing and changing customer needs, each organization is looking for new solutions related to the technology of goods flow, process optimization, aimed at both improving the quality of products and improving their production processes towards reducing their impact on the natural environment. In this context, Green Human Resources (GHR) may become a key factor in the success of greenlogistics (GL), because the success of the company depends in particular on the actions of employees, their knowledge, skills and their use and awareness. Therefore, the goalof the research was to check how the method of managing green human capital influences changes in the functioning of enterprises in selected areas related to the course and quality of logistics processes (including in terms of GL). As research shows, companies use GHR to promote behaviors among employees that increase the ecological efficiency of the entire company, but their share is still negligible. The study was conducted using an electronic survey questionnaire on a group of 200 enterprises. The conducted research showed the relationship between the importance of individual elements of human capital in enterprise strategies and changes in the functioning of enterprises in selected areas related to the course and quality of logistics processes. The following components had the greatest impact on the studied effects: human capital: knowledge, personal and social skills, interpersonal relations and psychological characteristics of employees.

Migration and challenges arising from the Russian armed conflict in 2022: The case of Zakarpattia

The current study delves into the contemporary challenges within the Zakarpattia region of Western Ukraine. It accomplishes this by examining the circumstances of the local populace and the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) hailing from Eastern Ukraine who arrived following the onset of the armed conflict in February 2022. Official statistics were employed to scrutinize the social and economic characteristics of the IDPs, as well as their influence on local development in Zakarpattia. These findings were then compared to the on-site research conducted by the author in the region during August 2023. The primary conclusions drawn from this research affirm the amelioration of the local economic status and job prospects in Zakarpattia as well as the adaptation of the IDPs to the new life in the region.

Racial Differences in Treatment Intensity at the End of Life Among Older Adults with Heart Failure: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study.

Background: Black Americans experience the highest prevalence of heart failure (HF) and the worst clinical outcomes of any racial or ethnic group, but little is known about end-of-life care for this population. Objective: Compare treatment intensity between Black and White older adults with HF near the end of life. Design: Negative binomial and logistic regression analyses of pooled, cross-sectional data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Setting/Subjects: A total of 1607 U.S. adults aged 65 years and older with HF who identify as Black or White, and whose proxy informant participated in an HRS exit interview between 2002 and 2016. Measurements: We compared four common measures of treatment intensity at the end of life (number of hospital admissions, receipt of care in an intensive care unit (ICU), utilization of life support, and whether the decedent died in a hospital) between Black and White HF patients, controlling for demographic, social, and health characteristics. Results: Racial identity was not significantly associated with the number of hospital admissions or admission to an ICU in the last 24 months of life. However, Black HF patients were more likely to spend time on life support (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16, confidence interval [CI] = 1.35-3.44, p = 0.00) and more likely to die in a hospital (OR = 1.53, CI = 1.03-2.28, p = 0.04) than White HF patients. Conclusion: Black HF patients were more likely to die in a hospital and to spend time on life support than White HF patients. Thoughtful and consistent engagement with HF patients regarding treatment preferences is an important step in addressing inequities.

FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI PADA GENERASI MILENIAL

This research aims to assess the influence of social media characteristics, risk perception, and financial literacy on investment decisions in the capital market among millennials in Tangerang. This research uses quantitative methods. The data collection approach uses a questionnaire survey instrument. Participants in this research are individuals who carry out transactions in the capital market, sometimes referred to as respondents or consumers. A total of 106 respondents were involved in this research, selected using a simple random sampling technique. The analytical methods used include Descriptive Analysis and Partial Least Square (PLS) Analysis. Research findings show that social media, Risk perception, and financial literacy have a big influence on investment decisions of the millennial generation in the Tangerang capital market.

Socioeconomic Pheno­menon of Entrepreneurship at the Border XX–XXI Centuries in Regional Historiography

The article examines the historiography of the development of entrepreneurship at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries. in certain regions. Entrepreneurial activity, which is the main socio-economic function of a market economy, has become the object of attention of many researchers. For the most part, scientific works on entrepreneurship, which became the subject of historiographical analysis in the article, were written by sociologists and economists, and therefore are presented in a socioeconomic persepctive. This approach to the study of entrepreneurship can be considered logical, since the study of the process of formation of a new system of economic relations could only be carried out on the basis of other methodological approaches and the development of a new conceptual apparatus. Therefore, the phenomenon of entrepreneurship has been interpreted not only by historians, but also by sociologists and economists. The socioeconomic approach to the study of entrepreneurship is clearly manifested in regional historiography. The analyzed literature is mainly devoted to the study of the social characteristics of entrepreneurs as a special group in the new social structure, the sources of its replenishment, as well as the problems of the legal field of their activities. Extensive literature in this direction is presented on the history of trade entrepreneurship, and in the regional aspect — on the Republic of Buryatia.

Retraction Note: E-commerce User Recommendation Algorithm Based on Social Relationship Characteristics and Improved K-Means Algorithm

Retraction Note: E-commerce User Recommendation Algorithm Based on Social Relationship Characteristics and Improved K-Means Algorithm