Social Character Research Articles

Hobbes Among the Savages: Politics, War, and Enmity in the So-called State of Nature

Abstract In this article I argue that Thomas Hobbes’s theory of the “state of nature” should be understood as describing a thoroughly political situation. Hobbes’s exemplification of the state of nature by resorting to the “savages” of America should be taken in its ultimately paradoxical character, one that puts in question the stark opposition between a prepolitical natural state and the properly political state resulting from the “social contract.” Through the lenses of ethnographic studies and anthropological theory, I propose a reinterpretation of Hobbes’s characterization of the state of nature as a state of war. In the first section, I present my interpretation of Hobbes’s understanding of war, arguing that war is characterized not by actual battle but by the uncertainty of conflict, already entailing a social dimension to it. In the second section, I engage with Pierre Clastres’s theory of the society against the State to discuss how, for Amerindian peoples, war not only has a social character but is itself the basis of sociality. In the last section, I discuss Eduardo Viveiros de Castro’s theory of potential affinity to propose that Hobbes’s state of nature is also a form of schematization of alterity as enmity. I conclude by showing how this provides an understanding of peace as a precarious situation, one that is the outcome of ethical practices ultimately independent from the State.

Typowi obywatele ludowi. Reprezentacje chłopów i chłopek na wystawie „#dziedzictwo” (2017)

This article is a critical analysis of the representations of peasant men and women at the <i>#heritage</i> exhibition (National Museum in Krakow, 2017). It reflects on the exhibits displayed in the “#citizenry” section along with the descriptions included in the exhibition catalog. The author analyzes the presented images of the peasantry in a broader socio-cultural context, contradicting curatorial theses about the attractiveness of Polish culture to the peasantry and its presumed sense of citizenry, while demonstrating that the exhibited images contained other visions of citizenry than those described. The social character of the genre of the portrait and the “folk type,” through which most of the analyzed cases were presented, is also discussed. keywords: #heritage, peasant history, visual arts, photography, folk type, portrait

American zebra optimization algorithm for global optimization problems

A novel bio-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm, namely the American zebra optimization algorithm (AZOA), which mimics the social behaviour of American zebras in the wild, is proposed in this study. American zebras are distinguished from other mammals by their distinct and fascinating social character and leadership exercise, which navies the baby zebras to leave the herd before maturity and join a separate herd with no family ties. This departure of the baby zebra encourages diversification by preventing intra-family mating. Moreover, the convergence is assured by the leadership exercise in American zebras, which directs the speed and direction of the group. This social lifestyle behaviour of American zebras is indigenous in nature and is the main inspiration for proposing the AZOA meta-heuristic algorithm. To examine the efficiency of the AZOA algorithm, the CEC-2005, CEC-2017, and CEC-2019 benchmark functions are considered, and compared with the several state-of-the-art meta-heuristic algorithms. The experimental outcomes and statistical analysis reveal that AZOA is capable of attaining the optimal solutions for maximum benchmark functions while maintaining a good balance between exploration and exploitation. Furthermore, numerous real-world engineering problems have been employed to demonstrate the robustness of AZOA. Finally, it is anticipated that the AZOA will accomplish domineeringly for forthcoming advanced CEC benchmark functions and other complex engineering problems.

ENHANCING THE SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS CHARACTER OF STUDENTS AT QURRATU A'YUN HIGH SCHOOL THROUGH EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

Religious education in schools is expected to have a significant impact on the development of students' religious and social character so as to prevent them from immoral social behavior. This research tries to identify extracurricular activities that help improve the social and religious character of students. This research uses qualitative methodologies, with in-depth interviews providing as data collecting technique. The data were subsequently analysed utilising triangulation techniques by modifying existing theories. According to the findings of this study, the school offers an Islamic tarbiyah programme as an extracurricular activity from Saturday through Sunday. Every day, a programme called tawjihat murabbiyat is used to control Islamic tarbiyah activities. In addition to extracurricular activities, the improvement of students' religious and social character is accomplished by the incorporation of religious principles into subject matter and the entrenching of appropriate behaviour in school culture. Developing social character involves working on a variety of skills, including discipline, respect for others, serving both parents, tolerance, humility, and caring for others and the environment. Concerning the religious attitudes fostered by the program, such as the practise of congregational prayer, the wearing of the veil, and hostility towards Wahdah Islamiyah and Mutamayyiz Muslims.

The Influence of the Social Environment on the Social Care Character of Class XI Students of SMK PGRI Pekanbaru

This research is motivated by a low sense of social concern among adolescents and even adults. This study aims to find out whether there is an influence of the social environment on the social care character of class XI students of SMK PGRI Pekanbaru which was carried out at SMK PGRI Pekanbaru, Riau. This study used the Quantitative Descriptive method, where the data collection instrument used was in the form of a questionnaire/questionnaire which had 24 statements distributed to 45 respondents. Based on the calculation results, Fcount (32.906) ˃ Ftable (4.07) is obtained which means that Ha is accepted. Based on the results of the analysis, a simple linear regression equation was obtained, namely Y = 16.507 + 0.492X, meaning that if the social environment (X) increases by 1, then the social care character (Y) increases by 0.492. So that it can be inferred from the results of the F test, there is an influence between the variable X on the variable Y, which means receiving Ha, namely: There is an Influence of the Social Environment on the Social Care Character of Class XI Students of SMK PGRI Pekanbaru.

Religiusitas dan Karakter Sosial Warga Rw 015 Jakasampurna Sebagai Fenomena Kesalehan

Character is a practical display of every individual action and attitude in his life. Human actions and attitudes cannot be separated from the religious values adopted and moral values in their environment. Everyone has an obligation to live out the teachings of their religion, and this shows the relationship of each individual to his God (Hablun min Allah). Nevertheless, religious piety within the framework of religiosity should be apparent in the social shalehan for every religious believer in the interaction of his or her life. The phenomenon in RW 015 residents, it seems that religious social values and social social values are different (partial) things. The religiosity of the community has not been closely related to social life in the environment, or in return. There is still a lack of understanding of religious teachings that are universal. So, what is the relationship between religiosity and social character of the residents of RW 015 Jakasampurna? The study aims to uncover the phenomenon of piety of RW 015 residents in the social interaction of life in their environment. This research uses qualitative research methods, using the Symbolic Interaction approach, which is one of the phenomenological model approaches. Examine the traditions and various cultural phenomena of a social community, or understand the social and psychological phenomena of a social community in certain aspects in depth. The expected results found the phenomenon of community piety RW 015 Jakasampurna, and found a concept of cultivating spiritual and social piety in practical life in society.

Student craft teachers’ garment-fitting process analysed using qualitative video analysis

We studied student craft teachers’ garment-fitting activity as a demanding learning task that is indicative of students’ understanding of garment fit. Studying fit is essential in garment making. Simultaneously, fit is a complicated issue. As part of this clothing course, the students were given a form that listed areas to examine (bust, seams, darts etc.). They were instructed to think aloud, mark problematic areas and the placement of darts on a picture, and make written notes. While appreciating the potentially challenging social character of this peer-evaluation situation, this research aimed to understand how student craft teachers assess garment fit on a master’s-level clothing course. Two research questions were set: 1) What roles did the students take on during the fitting sessions? 2) How did the students assess garment fit? Eleven students provided their informed consent to participate and their video recordings of their fitting sessions. The study results are based on a qualitative content analysis of these participants’ videos. The results show that the students’ understanding of fit and the fitting activity was underdeveloped. Students missed or explained away even obvious fit issues (e.g., horizontal or vertical folds of fabric, horizontal or diagonal drag lines, bagging, overly long/short sleeves or bodices), and their discussions showed that a basic understanding of fitting-related vocabulary and technical structures was underdeveloped. Three different ways to handle fit issues were identified: through peer dialogue, independently and through confirmatory questions. We conclude with some future directions for refreshing the teaching of garment fitting in teacher education.Keywords: student craft teacher, garment fitting, history of teaching clothing, teacher education, video-based qualitative content analysis

Implementasi Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Palang Merah Remaja Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Peduli Sosial Siswa

The purpose of this research is to find out more about the character of students who participate in extracurricular activities of the Youth Red Cross. Besides that, the factors that influence the formation of the character of students participating in the Youth Red Cross extracurricular. This research is qualitative and descriptive in nature. This study used several subject teachers and student staff who were considered to have known PMR as samples. The core administrators, coordinators, and active members are PMR administrators. Observations, interviews, and documentation are used as data collection methods. On the other hand, primary and secondary data are the source of this research data.
 Keywords; Social skills, character development and PMR

Implementation of Multicultural Education in Islamic Education Subjects through Collaboration of Online Applications as Character Building

This research was motivated bymulticulturalism, namely people who have a background of differences in ethnicity, religion, ethnicity, culture and between groups. On the one hand, this diversity is the potential strength of a large and united nation state in building great peace and civilization, but on the other hand, the potential for conflicts to disrupt the stability of the nation and can hinder development and the existence of diversity on one side of this diversity is the starting point for disputes, vertical conflicts. and horizontally, a multidimensional crisis. The study of this paper focuses on multicultural education as learning material through a process of instructional activities in building multicultural awareness to develop the religious and social character of students at the Junior High School level in Palu City. The data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interview and documentation. The data was collected by triangulation to check the validity of the data in finding the validity of the data. Data were analyzed using data reduction, data display, and data verification. Research Results Description The application of students’ culture of tolerance has four factors that influence the occurrence of conflict in society, namely the influence of globalization from Western culture, economic factors, the existence of rich and poor groups, democratic behavior carried out freely without limits and the destruction of individual dignity, and will developed through animated games for students.
 Keywords: Character building; Islamic education; multicultural education

Formula for the success of humor journalism formats on television according to their professional teams

Success on television can be measured according to a series of variables. In this work, a theoretical review was carried out to determine its main factors, complemented with 34 in-depth interviews with the heads of the seven longest-running journalistic humor formats on Spanish television from 1990 to 2015. Owing to their importance in terms of broadcasting and support from society, these enable an evaluation of entertainment as it is linked to information, as both a societal need and technique for escapism, thus depicting the enhanced importance of the television medium in terms of how its content, characters, and structure form part of our collective history. The conclusions have a social character in revealing what the public has consumed, and an economic character, as they decipher what works on television, using a method based on five factors: content, technical execution, awards and reviews, audience, and context. The interviewees provide the keys to the success of the audiovisual cultural industry, characterized herein using 100 categories. For television professionals, success is a utopia that is achieved only by those who combine high-quality content and excellent technical execution, for which they receive awards and strong reviews that reinforce their image with the audience, whose numbers and opinion determine, together with the context, competition, and market conditions, their time on air. Their statements reveal that differentiation, talent, the backing of the network, and creative freedom based on tenacity are fundamental features. Achieving success is a complex task, with a proven formula that does not only represent a limitation but also enables innovative contributions from other genres.

Implementation of Social Care Character Education in Islamic Elementary Schools

This study aims to determine the implementation of social care character education and its supporting and inhibiting factors at SDI Darul Hikmah Krian. The method used in this research is qualitative. The subjects of this study were the principal, homeroom teacher, homeroom teacher and students of SDI Darul Hikmah Krian. Collecting data in this study using interviews, observation and documentation. Checking the validity of the data using source triangulation and technical triangulation. The results of the study conclude that the implementation of social care character education in SDI Darul Hikmh Krian The authors of this study conclude that educating students in school classrooms involves three stages. The first is the Planning Phase, where the educator makes an educational plan. The second is the Learning Implementation Phase, where students implement the educational plan in their learning. The last stage is the Learning Evaluation Stage, where educators evaluate the effectiveness of learning implementation. In addition, teachers also use examples and habits to teach social care education to their students during class time

Integration of Social Care Character Education for Grade 5 in Elementary Schools during the PPKM Period

This study aims to determine the Integration of Social Care Character Education for Class V at SD Muhammadiyah 8 Tulangan during the PPKM Period. The method used is a qualitative method. The research subjects were the principal, homeroom teacher of class V, and students of Class V at SD Muhammadiyah 8 Tulangan. Collecting data using observation, interviews and documentation. Checking the validity of the data using source triangulation and technical triangulation. The results of the study, namely strengthening social care character education in class V students, was applied through the method of habituation of students' social care activities on a regular basis. The supporting factors are full support from parents of students, commitment between teachers and guardians of students in monitoring social care activities of students in the school environment by participating in school programs, and adequate facilities that support the implementation of activities. While the inhibiting factors are technical and economic errors in the PPKM period.

Reducing ageism combining ageing education with clinical practice: A prospective cohort study in health sciences students.

To analyse the impact of an intervention combining ageing education with clinical practice in nursing homes on a nursing cohort's negative stereotypes and prejudices towards ageing. A prospective cohort study was conducted in September 2019-October 2020 in a population of health sciences students (n=222). Questionnaire of Negative Stereotypes towards Aging (CENVE) and Aging Semantic Differential (DSE) were used to examine negative stereotypes and prejudices towards ageing in the nursing cohort exposed to the ageing education and practice intervention compared to a medical cohort that received no intervention. Group-by-time interaction, controlled by sex and age, for the effect of the intervention on CENVE and DSE scores was determined by mixed-design ANOVA. The nursing cohort significantly reduced negative stereotypes and prejudices towards ageing when compared to the medical cohort in total (F =26.926; p < 0.001), health factor (F =16.812; p < 0.001), motivational and social factor (F =11.266; p=0.001), and character and personality factor (F =19.202; p < 0.001) scores of CENVE scale and in DSE (F =7.826; p=0.006).

Dilemmas Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Zimbabwe

Abstract Public hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines stands out as an obstinate barrier to Zimbabwe’s ability to stamp out the ongoing pandemic and steer the country back to socioeconomic normalcy and stability. This qualitative study unpacked the hesitancy factors associated with the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in Zimbabwe. The study used an exploratory research design and collected its data from social media platforms. Findings demonstrated that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy posed some significant challenges in Zimbabwe. Indications were that hesitancy towards the vaccines was informed by a plurality of factors, which inter alia included safety and efficacy concerns, perceived social character of the vaccine basing on its country of origin, accessibility, people’s socio-cultural and religious beliefs, as well as factors relating to the administrative aspects of the vaccination program. Social work has an important role to play in educating and promoting society to embrace vaccines. This is because continued defiance and/or delay in the uptake of the vaccines is tantamount to mortgaging people’s lives and livelihoods on the altar of fear and baseless hesitancy.

HIGHER EDUCATION GOVERNANCE ANALYSIS (EMPIRICAL STUDY ON MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY IN JAKARTA)

Functioning of the role of group manager in the management of the organization can improve productivity. However, the function is also a phenomenon in the relationship between principals and agents, where there is a divergence of interests between owners and managers of organizations who then create the agency problem, because basically the agent has their own interests. This is where the role of control is needed to suppress agency problems. Departure from this idea, the research aim is to understand the mechanisms of control and rational behavior of agents in the practices of elections, financial reporting, and compensation. The study concludes: 1) the norms and cultural values appear to be more prominent than economic value in the control mechanism. Norms and values restrict the organization's behavior and justify the sanction for any inappropriate behavior in the system. Lack of commitment and socialization occur relatively high on the system of organization members who continually give up some or all personal interests to become a member of Muhammadiyah; 2) the rationality that is developed within the organization is a form of mental construction agent based on social experience, character local and specification. Muhammadiyah values tradition that was developed by Ahmad Dahlan have become the source of agent, especially in the rationalization measures gain legitimacy from the environment.

Memupuk Karakter Tanggung Jawab Sosial Anak Usia 10-12 Tahun Melalui Pemainan Tradisional

Moral crisis such as violence, brawl, damage the environmental, vandalism and lack of concern for the environment showed the low character of social responsibility in children. Various ways have been tried to deal with this problem, one of which is cultivated character from an early age. The purpose of this study was to develop a social responsibility character education guidebook based on traditional games for children aged 10-12 years. This study used the ADDIE Research and Development method involving 10 certified teachers, 10 validators, and 8 children aged 10-12 years. The results of the study stated that 1) a traditional game-based social responsibility character guidebook for children aged 10-12 years was developed based on the ADDIE steps. 2) through expert judgment by the validator, this manual was classified as excellent with a recommend of no revision with an average of 3.81. 3) the implementation of the guidebook influences the character of social responsibility for children aged 10-12 years. This is evidenced by the acquisition of the final self-assessment score (M = 3.7500, SE = 0.07319) higher than the initial self-assessment score (M = 2.0875, SE = 0.14447) which is clearly seen at t (7) = 9.435 and the difference is significant, p = 0.000 (p &lt;0.05). H0 is rejected. The magnitude of the effect is classified as a large effect, the percentage of 92% and 85.59% on the N-gain score test is included in the high effectiveness category. Thus, traditional game guidebooks could be said to be effective in developing socially responsible characters.

NEW PROMISING AGENTS FOR PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY

The problem of oncological diseases has acquired a social and medical character. In this regard, the rapid development of new drugs and methods, as well as modification of existing methods in order to increase their effectiveness, is currently required. The paper aims to develop and study two promising agents for photodynamic therapy. We discussed a new binary complex based on the widely used photosensitizer chlorin E6 with europium, which can solve one of the main disadvantages of drugs for photodynamic therapy: it can be used to treat deeper tumors and act more effectively by transferring luminescence energy between europium and chlorin E6. Our other agent was copper-containing chlorophyllin. Chlorophyllin is a natural component, which is always promising in the development of new drugs. The optical and fluorescent parameters of the agents were determined using physicochemical methods; their ability to generate reactive oxygen species in the presence of two fluorescent probes was studied: 2ʹ, 7ʹ-dichlorodihydrofluorescein and dihydrofluorescein. Thus, we showed the effectiveness of chlorophyllin in comparison with chlorin E6 by 1.92 times at 50 μg / ml E6 and showed the effectiveness of the binary complex even at the minimum concentration of 10 μg / ml. Further research in cell cultures will develop the ways of the possible use of new substances as photosensitizers.

Managing inpatient bed setup: an action-research approach using lean technical practices and lean social practices

PurposeThis article aims to introduce a guide to improving hospital bed setup by combining lean technical practices (LTPs), such as kaizen and value stream mapping (VSM) and lean social practices (LSPs), such as employee empowerment.Design/methodology/approachAction research approach was employed to analyze the process of reconfiguration of bed setup management in a Brazilian public hospital.FindingsThe study introduces three contributions: (1) presents the use of VSM focused specifically on bed setup, while the current literature presents studies mainly focused on patient flow management, (2) combines the use of LSPs and LTPs in the context of bed management, expanding current studies that are focused either on mathematical models or on social and human aspects of work, (3) introduces a practical guide based on six steps that combine LSPs and LSPs to improve bed setup management.Research limitations/implicationsThe research focused on the analysis of patient beds. Surgical beds, delivery, emergency care and intensive care unit (ICU) were not considered in this study. In addition, the process indicators analyzed after the implementation of the improvements did not contemplate the moment of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, this research focused on the implementation of the improvement in the context of only one Brazilian public hospital.Practical implicationsThe combined use of LSPs and LTPs can generate considerable gains in bed setup efficiency and consequently increase the capacity of a hospital to admit new patients, without the ampliation of the physical space and workforce.Social implicationsThe improvement of bed setup has an important social character, whereas it can generate important social benefits such as the improvement of the admission service to patients, reducing the waiting time, reducing hospitalization costs and improving the hospital capacity without additional physical resources. All these results are crucial for populations, their countries and regions.Originality/valueWhile the current literature on bed management is more focused on formal models or pure human and social perspectives, this article brings these two perspectives together in a single, holistic framework. As a result, this article points out that the complex bed management problem can be efficiently solved by combining LSPs and LTPs to present theoretical and practical contributions to the important social problem of hospital bed management.

Habituation of Social Character Value in Pesantren-Based School

The purpose of this study was to analyze the social character of students in habituation in typical Kempek junior high school based on pesantren, with the merger of schools and boarding schools, education not only prioritizes the intelligence of knowledge and technology but also the importance of ahlak and moral intelligence for students. Qualitative research methods with phenomenological approach. Data collection was done by interview, observation and documentation. The results showed that the social interaction of typical Kempek Junior High School students was good and communicative, student social interaction activities were also internalized with deliberation activities at the pesantren. The social character of students is implemented such as simple life, washing clothes, mutual cooperation both at school and in boarding schools, visiting friends who are sick, lending money. The religious character of students in schools and in boarding schools is instilled to pray in congregation, learn the yellow book, read the Quran. Students ' habituation starts from 04:00 in the morning until 23: 30 at midnight, activities such as praying in congregation, studying the Yellow Book, deliberation, school and social activities. Discipline a conducive habituation process can develop students in the renewal of social character education according to the demands of values and norms in the community. Keywords: Social Interaction, Social Character and Habituation.

Содержание общественно опасных последствий преступного деяния

The article introduces the problem of socially dangerous consequences. Legal studies reveal no uniform approach to the definition of socially dangerous consequences. The author elaborates on the definition of socially dangerous consequences, describes their signs, and defines such concepts as their essence and content, as well as the object of encroachment. Socially dangerous consequences are connected with the criminal act and the object of crime, so the author describes their interdependence, mutual influence, and the derivativeness of socially dangerous consequences from the criminal act. This derivation makes it possible to transfer the signs of the criminal act to the socially dangerous consequences it causes. These signs include: public danger, social character, negativity, and objectivity. The complex of signs of socially dangerous consequences makes up their content. The characteristics of the object of encroachment and the structure of the object demonstrate a one-sided connection of socially dangerous consequences with the object of crime. The signs of socially dangerous consequences result from the signs of the object of encroachment. The author describes the signs of socially dangerous consequences derived from the object of encroachment, as well as the motives for their allocation. The features of each of the indicated signs are irremovability, measurability, heterogeneity, and multiplicity. All the above signs, derived from both the socially dangerous act and the object of crime, belong to socially dangerous consequences. The signs of socially dangerous consequences can be divided into direct and indirect, which together make up the content of the socially dangerous consequences.