Social Causes Research Articles

Language Framing Influences Interest in Social-Issue Based Prosocial Behavior

Social activism has become an increasingly ubiquitous route to address perceived inequalities, with racial issues oftentimes being a salient example. Those looking to recruit activists for their cause are oftentimes interested in strategies to elicit participation. Two studies examined how linguistic framings of activism influence interest in such displays. Participants viewed generic low-cost and high-cost prosocial behaviors, described as being in the service of social justice, social activism, or volunteering on a between participants basis. Prosocial interest was highest for behaviors described as serving social justice purposes (Study 1). When the same prosocial behaviors were tied to specific social issues, interest in low-cost prosocial behaviors were higher when they were described as serving social activism (Study 2). Black participants reported more activism interest than White participants in both studies, regardless of framing. Findings could inform best practices for garnering support for various social causes.

The Effect of Parent-child Attachment on the Subjective Well-being of Junior High School Students

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that we should adhere to the people-centered ideology and continuously improve the people's sense of gain, happiness and security. Enhancing the people's sense of happiness is the core and purpose of the development of China's socialist cause. Moreover, since United States psychologists first proposed the concept of "positive psychology" at the beginning of this century (Seligman & Czikszentmihalyi, 2000), advocating the exploration of the potential positive power of human beings, rather than just studying psychological or behavioral problems. The mainstream of psychological research has also begun to trend towards positive psychology, instead of studying negative psychological states such as depression and anxiety as in the early days, more and more psychologists are committed to focusing on positive human qualities and emotions such as happiness and joy, in order to eventually make human beings happy. Subjective Well-being (SWB) is the main content of people's quality of life, and as one of the three major research objects of positive psychology, it has attracted great attention and attracted more and more researchers. By studying the relationship between attachment, comprehension of social support, self-esteem and subjective well-being, it is hoped that it can provide some help and inspiration for the mental health education of junior high school students, so as to promote their physical and mental health development.

Dados Abertos para Sustentabilidade Ambiental

Sustainability has been a topic with increasing focus in all areas of scientific knowledge, including Information Science. Open datasets have the potential to be used for sustainability. The study´s aim was to evaluate open datasets made available by Brazilian federal environmental agencies regarding their adherence to the FAIR principles and the W3C Good Practices for Data on the Web. The method consisted of preparing a protocol in the form of a checklist, composed of questions based on these principles and good practices, which was applied to the 166 data sets located on Brazilian government data portals. The results indicate that, although the government makes a substantial amount of this type of data available under open licenses, the potential for its location, access and reuse is compromised by the low use of permanent identifiers and good quality metadata. Conclusion: The use of data can boost and assist social and environmental causes in the Brazilian context, as, for action, arguments evidenced with data are necessary to support advocacy and public policies that aim to disseminate information to raise awareness.

Unveiling creativity in artisanal beer through cultural and collective intelligence: a study of market in Mexico

PurposeThe principal objective of the study is to analyze the influence of ethnicity, culture and collective intelligence in entrepreneurial creativity, innovation and marketing of artisanal beer in Mexico.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative data have been gathered by conducting four workshops with twelve respondents in each workshop across four states of Mexico comprising Mexico City, Puebla, Queretaro and Guadalajara. These workshops were held for four hours during the pre-lunch period over the weekends, which was participated by a mix of entrepreneurs and consumers.FindingsArtisanal entrepreneurship is driven by the culture, ethnicity, collective intelligence and frugal innovations. Ethnic products generate patriotic feeling and consumption for a social cause to encourage artisans at the grassroots with the local tags. Results also indicate that social media and crowd cognition play an important role in developing creative artisanal beer.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is founded on the theoretical maxims of social learning theory (SCT), social cognitive theory and theory of creativity. The contextual interpretation of SCT explains the socialization of concepts by modelling emotions and behavior to derive structural experiences as observed in artisanal entrepreneurship.Practical implicationsEntrepreneurs can develop brand emotions, boost anthropomorphic feelings and inculcate the sense of nationalism among consumers to market ethnic brands and develop social consciousness towards consumption of “Made in Mexico” products.Social implicationsArtisanal beer face major challenge of customer outreach by enhancing the brand proximity and ethnic values. Ethnic products hold a strong image in niche market and need to be stimulated by the experience sharing through social media and community interactions.Originality/valueThis research study significantly contributes to the existing literature on ethnic entrepreneurship and creativity using innovative research approach.

A randomized controlled trial protocol for the introduction of a multidisciplinary individualized nutritional intervention in children with cerebral palsy

IntroductionChildren with Cerebral Palsy (CP) encounter substantial nutritional challenges that impair their health and quality of life. Despite the importance of nutrition in managing CP and the recognition of physiological, behavioral, and social causes of malnutrition, research on the effectiveness of individualized nutritional interventions developed and supported by multidisciplinary teams is scarce. AimThe study will evaluate the impact of an individualized nutritional intervention developed and supported by a multidisciplinary team on the anthropometric outcomes and overall health of children with CP. MethodsA single-center, randomized controlled trial, conducted at the Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria, will enroll 100 children aged 2–12 years and diagnosed with CP. Participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group, receiving comprehensive structured dietary assessment and individualized nutrition plan developed by a multidisciplinary team of experts, or to a standard care group. Outcomes assessed will focus on anthropometric measures of nutritional status, but also include health outcomes, child development and clinical assessments, and quality of life indicators. EthicsEthical approval for this study has been obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee at the Medical University of Varna (Protocol No. 134 dated 20.07.2023). ConclusionThis study will assess the benefits of a multidisciplinary, individualized nutritional intervention for children with CP. The findings will have implications for clinical guidelines and interventions aiming to improve their care and quality of life.

A study to assess medication adherence and quality of life among epilepsy patients seeking treatment at AIIMS Bhopal.

Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain with a permanent predisposition to produce epileptic seizures. There are cognitive, psychological, neurological, and social causes of this condition. It is the second most common problematic neurologic disorder, affecting more than 70 million people throughout the world. More than 65% of the global burden of epilepsy occurs in developing countries. To assess medication adherence and quality of life among epilepsy patients and to find any correlation between medication adherence and quality of life. This descriptive study was conducted on epileptic patients who were seeking treatment at AIIMS Bhopal. Two hundred epileptic patients were enrolled in this study via purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected through face-to-face interview method. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. In this study, a total of 200 patients with epilepsy were found to be eligible to participate; there were 23 patients (11.5%) with low medication adherence, 95 patients (47.5%) with moderate medication adherence, and 82 patients (41%) with high medication adherence. Patients with epilepsy who follow recommended treatment have a good quality of life, particularly in the spiritual sector (169; 85%). The overall quality of life is moderate for 142 patients (71%) and good for 58 patients (29%). Medication adherence and quality of life were shown to be strongly positively correlated, with a Karl Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.67. The result of this study concluded that improving medication adherence is important to improving the quality of life among epilepsy patients.

THE WAR AS A SOCIO-CULTURAL PHENOMENON IN A CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN PHILOSOPHICAL DISCOURSE

An armed conflict between Ukraine and Russian Federation lasts for the past 10 years on and on February 24, 2022 it turned into full-scale war with all arsenal of conventional arm available used, nuclear excluded.The war turned into a new social and political reality that defined socio-political and socio-cultural vectors of development of Ukrainians and their state – focused on oppression to occupant’s conquer – for many years ahead.The war, as a socio-cultural phenomenon and the new stage of Ukrainian nation became a topic of research of the domestic academic environment. It defined in home philosophical research circles new polemic that aims at thinking through an ontological nature of the conflict, its social, cultural, and historical causes, to reveal its specific character in the past and in the present, to find out where the balance was lost in the structural order of the security, its lawful preventive mechanisms failure.Many analytical attempts to describe topological classification of that conflict (in the context of the growth of the contemporary philosophical discourse) were conducted. It were given some answers on the question on the roots of the conflict, on its continuity. It was pointed out its destructive impact on the condition of the Ukrainians, its social and cultural evolution from the point of view of different philosophical views and research programmes or contemporary historical narratives, modern principles of the native and Western-European philosophy.An evolution of the points of view on ontological and historical reasons of the war and philosophical reflections of the native scholars were considered in this article. Some problematic issues, determined by the different phases of the conflict were researched.

Participatory Systems Thinking to Elucidate Drivers of Food Access and Diet Disparities among Minoritized Urban Populations.

The purpose of this study was to use participatory systems thinking to develop a dynamic conceptual framework of racial/ethnic and other intersecting disparities (e.g., income) in food access and diet in Philadelphia and to identify policy levers to address these disparities. We conducted three group model building workshops, each consisting of a series of scripted activities. Key artifacts or outputs included qualitative system maps, or causal loop diagrams, identifying the variables, relationships, and feedback loops that drive diet disparities in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. We used semi-structured methods informed by inductive thematic analysis and network measures to synthesize findings into a single causal loop diagram. There were twenty-nine participants with differing vantages and expertise in Philadelphia's food system, broadly representing the policy, community, and research domains. In the synthesis model, participants identified 14 reinforcing feedback loops and one balancing feedback loop that drive diet and food access disparities in Philadelphia. The most highly connected variables were upstream factors, including those related to racism (e.g., residential segregation) and community power (e.g., community land control). Consistent with existing frameworks, addressing disparities will require a focus on upstream social determinants. However, existing frameworks should be adapted to emphasize and disrupt the interdependent, reinforcing feedback loops that maintain and exacerbate disparities in fundamental social causes. Our findings suggest that promising policies include those that empower minoritized communities, address socioeconomic inequities, improve community land control, and increase access to affordable, healthy, and culturally meaningful foods.

Justice behind the virtual mask: The influence of race of the virtual influencer and the creator on promoting the Black Lives Matter movement

The rise of virtual influencers is reshaping the landscape of social media, extending even to the promotion of social causes. Yet, lingering doubts persist regarding the authenticity of their motives. This research delves into the impact of both the racial identities of virtual influencers and those of their creators when linked to the support of racial movements. In terms of source credibility, results find that a creator’s racial background, but not that of a virtual influencer, plays a substantial role, and an interaction effect between these factors was identified. The results also show that individuals’ assessments of a virtual influencer and their message are influenced by the perceived social agency. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

Crafting gender into meaningful work: experiences of women engaging in social entrepreneurship in China

Purpose Social entrepreneurship, leveraging economic activities to achieve social benefits, offers women the opportunity to freely and actively shape the contours of their work in meaningful ways. This study aims to examine how Chinese women use job crafting in social entrepreneurship to align their gender identity, forge meaningful work and new relationships and navigate mixed gender expectations. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on 19 in-depth interviews with young women engaging in social entrepreneurship in China. Using a grounded theory approach, the study explores how women craft their gender identity into the unconventional career path of creating their social venture, focusing on the creative combination of task, relational and cognitive crafting in shaping social entrepreneurship. Findings The findings suggest that women make social entrepreneurship meaningful by actively aligning their gender experiences to delineate a relational and cognitive causal path between their social enterprise, their identity as women and their moral values. By working for a larger social cause, women may cognitively reframe their gender identity to compromise financial performance for social impact. Originality/value Current studies on social entrepreneurship in China have yet to examine its development through a gender lens. This study uses job crafting to highlight the distinctive gender meaning-making process for Chinese women to enhance their work identity and to challenge normative gender expectations. The study shows that job crafting enables women to view their social ventures as a means of gender empowerment, helping them to reconcile the paradoxical pressures of normative gender expectations and scaling up their businesses.

Antibiotic Use Awareness and Practices in the Indian Community During Later Stages of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: An increased overuse of antibiotics coupled with dearth of newer alternatives has worsened antibiotic resistance in LMIC’s like India. The prescription of antibiotics for symptoms similar to COVID-19 infection has aggravated the problem of antibiotic overuse, further worsening antibiotic resistance. This study aims at understanding not only the extent of overuse, but also the social patterns and causes of over-prescription or self medication of antibiotics in India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, attitude and practices on antibiotic use was conducted from September to October, 2022, using a Google form questionnaire. A virtual snowball technique was used to recruit respondents. Results: A total of 309 responses were received (56% female and 44% male). 59.5% of the respondents were between 15 to 30 years. Surprisingly, in spite of a majority of respondents (around 70%) having a health sciences background, 67.8% of respondents falsely believe that antibiotics speed up recovery from most coughs and colds. 94.8% of respondents had used antibiotics in the last one year. 17.2% of respondents had taken antibiotics without the prescription of a doctor. The most common antibiotic used on prescription and self-medication was Azithromycin. Only 20.7% of respondents took antibiotics on suspicion of having COVID-19, with the most common one being Azithromycin. Conclusion: The study highlights that a greater knowledge on antibiotic use does not necessitate better attitude towards their cautious and rational use. The use of antibiotics for self-limiting indications like cough, cold and sore throat needs to be restricted through stricter regulations.

Are we on the same wavelength? Interdimensional signal set and crowdfunding success

AbstractResearch SummaryUsing data from 1899 Kickstarter campaigns (2009–2019), we examine the impact of simultaneous emission of interdimensional signals of human capital and social causes on crowdfunding campaign success. We argue and demonstrate that backers respond positively to human capital signals, as reflected by prior work and entrepreneurial experiences, as they communicate the competencies of the entrepreneurs. Conversely, signaling a high level of commitment to social causes communicates competing demands, thereby reducing entrepreneurs' ability to secure funding. Moreover, when emitted jointly, interaction of these two signals negatively affects campaign success. Our theory and findings provide nuanced insights regarding simultaneously emitted interdimensional signals in crowdfunding context with a structured incentive system, thereby increasing our understanding about the ambiguous nature of bundling human capital with high social cause signals.Managerial SummaryWhen evaluating new ventures in the public sphere, potential backers simultaneously process the complex information emitted by founders (i.e., signals). These signals communicate the unobservable qualities of the founders. In this article, we investigate the independent and joint effects of two signals on crowdfunding campaign outcomes: founder's human capital and their commitment to social causes. We show that while human capital increases campaign success, a high commitment to social cause decreases this likelihood. We further demonstrate that when these two signals are emitted simultaneously, balancing issues between the signals reduce the chances of attaining campaign success in crowdfunding. These findings emphasize the importance for crowdfunding founders and campaign designers to communicate coherent and well aligned signals to ensure campaign success.

An Overview of Foreign Literature Studies in China from 1949 to 2019

In retrospect of foreign literature studies in China from 1949 to 2019, we have to acknowledge two fundamental facts. Firstly, although in the initial 30 years of this period foreign literature studies in China largely followed the Soviet model, neglecting Western literary and cultural traditions to some extent—with over a decade under the influence of extreme “leftist” trends—it was during this time that the groundwork for the academic framework of foreign literature studies was painstakingly laid. Secondly, with the influx of Western ideas, foreign literature studies during the subsequent 40 years underwent a complete paradigm shift, providing the spiritual nourishment for and playing a pioneering role in liberating thought and rectifying disorders. However, this period saw a conspicuous adoption of Western paradigms in foreign literature studies, thereby somewhat abandoning certain valuable traditions and academic stances that ought to have been upheld. Meanwhile, foreign literature studies in this period also experienced an undiscriminating acceptance and hasty integration of ideas, leading to a mixture of the good and the bad. This essay provides an important overview of 70 years of foreign literature studies in China, though the specific situations are much more complex. In recent years, as the ideas of cultural confidence and a community of shared future for mankind deeply resonate with the public, the principles of serving the Chinese people and Chinese socialist cause are increasingly becoming significant recognitions within China’s foreign literature scholarly community.

Capturing the implications of residential segregation for the dynamics of infectious disease transmission.

Occupational and residential segregation and other manifestations of social and economic inequity drive of racial and socioeconomic inequities in infection, severe disease, and death from a wide variety of infections including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, HIV, tuberculosis, and many others. Despite a deep and long-standing quantitative and qualitative literature on infectious disease inequity, mathematical models that give equally serious attention to the social and biological dynamics underlying infection inequity remain rare. In this paper, we develop a simple transmission model that accounts for the mechanistic relationship between residential segregation on inequity in infection outcomes. We conceptualize segregation as a high-level, fundamental social cause of infection inequity that impacts both who-contacts-whom (separation or preferential mixing) as well as the risk of infection upon exposure (vulnerability). We show that the basic reproduction number, ℛ 0 , and epidemic dynamics are sensitive to the interaction between these factors. Specifically, our analytical and simulation results and that separation alone is insufficient to explain segregation-associated differences in infection risks, and that increasing separation only results in the concentration of risk in segregated populations when it is accompanied by increasing vulnerability. Overall, this work shows why it is important to carefully consider the causal linkages and correlations between high-level social determinants - like segregation - and more-proximal transmission mechanisms when either crafting or evaluating public health policies. While the framework applied in this analysis is deliberately simple, it lays the groundwork for future, data-driven explorations of the mechanistic impact of residential segregation on infection inequities.

Practice and Reflection on Socialist Thought with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era in College Education

Higher education, as a key area for cultivating high-quality talents and future socialist builders, must comprehensively and deeply implement the Socialist Thought with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era, and continue to explore and optimise it in practice to meet the needs of the times. At the practical level, colleges and universities across the country have actively responded to the call of the Party and the government to deeply promote the wide dissemination of the Socialist Thought with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era on campuses and the deepening of people's hearts through multiple dimensions such as reform of the on-campus curriculum system, construction of teaching staff, and ideological and political education of students. Colleges and universities have endeavoured to build a comprehensive education system covering philosophy and social sciences as well as natural sciences, and to strengthen national awareness, historical awareness, and cultural self-confidence, so as to make them the cornerstones of students' learning and growth. At the level of thinking, educators and university administrators generally agree that the effective internalisation and educational practice of socialist thinking with Chinese characteristics in the new era requires the refreshing of classroom teaching content, the innovation of teaching methods and the creation of campus culture. In addition, emphasising the cultivation of students' critical thinking and independent thinking, and continuously improving their ability to solve real-world problems are also key in educational practice. This not only requires teachers to impart knowledge, but also focus on guiding students to have a deep understanding and rational evaluation of social phenomena. However, there are many challenges in the practice of socialist thought with Chinese characteristics in the new era in colleges and universities. Such as how to adhere to and develop the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the context of globalisation, how to strengthen and improve the ideological and political work of colleges and universities under the conditions of the market economy, and how to better solve the problem that the mechanism of nurturing people in colleges and universities is not adapted to the needs of social development, etc., which all need our in-depth thinking and active exploration of the solutions. In the future, the practice of Socialist Thought with Chinese Characteristics in the new era in college education will pay more attention to cultivating students' practical ability and innovation ability, pay more attention to the inheritance and promotion of traditional culture, and put more emphasis on humanistic care and whole-person education in education. Through such practice and thinking, it will not only provide intellectual support and talent guarantee for the development of university education and the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, but also create a broader space for the comprehensive development of all students and the realisation of their personal dreams.

Studying the Factors Contributing to the Sexual Harassment of Women in Jalalabad City, Afghanistan: A Social Perspective

This research looked at the social causes of sexual harassment of women in Jalalabad City, Afghanistan, and discovered workable solutions. The study included descriptive analyses, content analysis, field-based data collecting, and a qualitative methodology. Semi-structured interviews with married women who experienced sexual harassment, offenders, and community members were used to gather qualitative data. Two hundred semi-structured interviews with a representative sample of married women in Jalalabad City, Afghanistan, were conducted as part of the survey research approach. This research examined the ways in which patriarchal attitudes, societal norms, dominant expectations, sexual perception, non-mahrams, cohabitation, excessive freedom, honor culture contribute to sexual harassment. The study, based on feminist theory, identified 20 societal factors contributing to sexual harassment, including social stigma, lack of knowledge, and negligent legal enforcement, and suggested preventive measures like community education campaigns and legislative changes. In Jalalabad City, Afghanistan, sexual harassment of women is a serious issue with societal contributing elements. Effective prevention of sexual harassment requires a holistic strategy that addresses societal norms, empowers women, and strengthens legal frameworks, while also considering cultural norms, inadequate enforcement mechanisms, and a culture of silence. In order to advance gender equality, provide safer surroundings, and stop sexual harassment of women in Jalalabad City, Afghanistan, this paper makes specific recommendations for legislators, non-governmental organizations, and local authorities. Based on these findings, this study recommends evidence-based prevention methods. These could involve advertisements for sexual harassment awareness, legal changes for better protection, and training for law enforcement on handling complaints more effectively.

Strategies for Teaching Written Language to Students with Attention Deficits

The issue of including students with attention deficits in the educational process is a highly relevant pedagogical challenge due to the high prevalence of these disorders. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common condition, but attention deficits can also arise from social causes, such as experiencing psychologically traumatic situations like war. This article presents key strategies for improving written language skills in students with attention deficits of various etiologies and comorbid disorders to facilitate their inclusion in the educational process. Additionally, presented are the results of a two-stage study confirming the practical effectiveness of these strategies.

Dissociation and Loss: a Challenge for Sustainable and Inclusive Conservation

ABSTRACT The agents of deterioration (AoD) offer a structured categorization of hazards to collections: they are a basis for risk-informed preservation management. In drawing up the AoD their creators were not ignorant of wider societal issues of concern to conservators, but they envisaged them to be part of a broader institutional activity located beyond the scope of preventive conservation. Within conservation, there have been discussions about additional agents: social, cultural, or political causes of loss. Their continued exclusion from the AoD may mistakenly be interpreted as a lack of consideration of such concerns. There are reasons to limit the scope of an institution’s preventive conservation system but not everyone agrees that those reasons are sufficient to justify this limitation. This paper is a discussion and disagreement by two authors. Henderson argues that dissociation should capture any loss of meaning resulting from any aspect of conservation practice, including cleaning, documentation, failure to respect beliefs, etc. She argues that dissociation from context may stop preventive conservators from identifying and respecting optimal traditional sustainable methods and techniques. Waller argues that the threat of losing context information about collection items should be managed as part of the wider cultural heritage institution’s role and resolved through its engagement with the community. He acknowledges that preventive conservation can contribute to understanding and mitigating this form of loss, but advocates that primary responsibility must be situated at a higher level than the preventive conservation remit.

Infant mortality and social causality: Lessons from the history of Britain's public health movement, c. 1834-1914.

What are the historical conditions under which a sociologically informed understanding of health inequality can emerge in the public sphere? We seek to address this question through the lens of a strategically chosen historical puzzle-the stubborn persistence of and salient variation in high infant mortality rates across British industrial towns at the dawn of the previous century-as analysed by Arthur Newsholme, the Medical Officer of the Local Government Board. In doing so, we retrace the historical processes through which the evolving public health movement gradually helped crystallise a scientific understanding of the social causes of excess mortality. We map the dominant ideology of the public sphere at the time, chart the shifting roles of the state, and retrace the historical origins and emergence of 'public health' as a distinctive category of state policy and public discourse. We situate the public health movement in this historical configuration and identify the cracks in the existing ideological and administrative edifice through which this movement was able to articulate a novel approach to population health-one that spotlights the political economy of social inequality. We relate this historical sequence to the rise of industrial capitalism, the social fractures that it spawned, and the organised counter-movements that it necessitated.

Building An Abolition Movement for International Criminal Law?

Abstract International criminal law is a carceral system, which responds to mass atrocities by holding some individuals criminally responsible for these events and then, generally, imprisoning those individuals. I ask what alternative responses might be envisaged, and if we can build a carceral abolitionist movement for international criminal law. Such a movement would refuse imprisonment and policing as the main responses to mass atrocity, and instead would seek to understand the social causes and conditions that cause such mass atrocity, and also how (and why) criminal law has become the preeminent ‘legitimate hand of justice’. In this article, I attempt to bring into conversation two particular intellectual movements: the collective scholarship and praxis of domestic carceral abolition movements; and those critical scholars of international criminal law who have already set out some of the limits and possibilities of the field. I set out the structural conditions of international criminal law, particularly its ideological grounding in neoliberalism and its relationships to race, global capital and colonialism and imperialism, which result in a legal system that criminalizes some and exonerates others. I then particularly examine some tools that already exist for building an abolition movement for international criminal law. These include the defence of duress, transformative reparations and the role of defence lawyers. These tools are admittedly part of the carceral system, and therefore cannot be the key to an abolition movement for international criminal law. However, they may assist us in the short or medium term as we imagine and work towards a better world without the need for a carceral system of international criminal law that relies on police and prisons.