Changes In Social Behavior Research Articles

Managing Between Privacy and Sharing in Group Anti Pelakor Indonesia

Social behavioral change about privacy is phenomenon that we concern in internet user, especially in Anti Pelakor Indonesia (API) Facebook Group. This research studied about women managing private information in social media by observing how members of API Group interpreting of privacy and managing their privacy. This study focuses on the interactivity of members, the meaning of privacy, how manage privacy and what kind of factors make members choose to reveal their privacy in the group. Using a concept of privacy and theoretical approach to Communication Privacy Management (CPM), which is providing assumptions about the system to find out how humans balance decisions about reveal private information. Netnography method used to see virtual activities that occur in groups. The results of the study show that various factors influence the process of privacy disclosure. This research produces a description of how privacy management is carried out by the group members.

A Scoping Review: Social Stories Supporting Behavior Change for Individuals with Autism

ABSTRACT Social Stories (also known as social narratives) help individuals participate in and understand social situations. This scoping review identifies and synthesizes social narrative research targeting behavior change in individuals with ASD. Using the following questions as a guide: (a) What is the scope of social narrative interventions used for individuals with ASD, (b) What behavior change outcome measures are evaluated, and (c) What research designs are used; five databases were searched from 2007-to-2018. Fifty-six articles met the criteria. Primary outcomes were sorted into two macro-categories: Reduce Disruptive Behaviors and Increase Desired Behaviors. Most, but not all, studies were found to be effective for various behaviors such as aggressive actions, verbal protests, identifying emotions, executive functioning, following directions, and responding in social situations. Social narratives can be used to promote skills/behaviors in individuals with ASD to enable participation, an important goal in occupational therapy practice. They are an accessible and feasible intervention that can be implemented in various settings for behaviors including activities of daily living, social skills, independence, and self-regulation. Most research reviewed used a single subject design, which is a limitation of the research as it makes results difficult to generalize. However, through replication, functional relationships can be determined. Additional research utilizing randomized control trials is recommended.

Entomological Surveillance Planning Tool (ESPT)-generated actionable evidence on human and vector behaviours optimizes present interventions and reduces exposure to Anopheles vectors in two communities of Guna Yala, Panamá

BackgroundAlthough most of Panamá is free from malaria, localized foci of transmission persist, including in the Guna Yala region. Government-led entomological surveillance using an Entomological Surveillance Planning Tool (ESPT) sought to answer programmatically relevant questions on local entomological drivers of transmission and gaps in protection to guide local vector control decision-making.MethodsThe ESPT was used to design a sampling plan to answer priority programmatic questions about the appropriateness of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) and spaces and times where humans remain exposed to Anopheles bites (gaps in protection) in the communities of Permé and Puerto Obaldía, Guna Yala. Adult Anopheles were sampled at three time points via human landing catches (HLCs) during the rainy and dry seasons (2018/2019). Human behaviour observations (HBOs) were conducted alongside HLCs to examine intervention use, indoor versus outdoor activity, and sleeping patterns. HLC and HBO data were integrated to evaluate HBO-adjusted human biting rate (HBR).ResultsA total of 7,431 adult Anopheles were collected across both sites. Of the 450 specimens molecularly confirmed to species-level, 75.5% (n = 340) were confirmed as Anopheles Nyssorhynchus albimanus, followed by Anopheles (Ny.) aquasalis. Anopheles host seeking activity was demonstrated to be primarily exophagic throughout all sampling periods and in both communities. When adjusted with HBOs, exposure to mosquito bites was predominantly indoors and overnight in Permé (Nov, Mar), compared to predominantly outdoors in Puerto Obaldía (Nov, Mar, Jul). Differences in site-specific human-vector exposure profiles were due to contrasting cultural and lifestyle practices between Permé and Puerto Obaldía (possibly partly influenced by the absence of electricity in Permé), and lower LLIN use in Permé. This evidence supported a previously planned LLIN campaign alongside a social behaviour change communication (SBCC) strategy in the Guna Yala Comarca (Jul 2019), which increased LLIN use. In turn, this led to a reduction of indoor exposure to mosquito bites, and a shift to predominant outdoor exposure to mosquito bites.ConclusionESPT-based question-driven planning and the integration of HBOs, intervention, and HLC data generated evidence towards answering the programmatic questions. This evidence enabled the characterization of site-specific human-vector exposure profiles, and the quantification of remaining gaps in protection. These data also provide important insights into remaining gaps in protection that must be addressed to further reduce human exposure to mosquito bites at these sites.

Mobility and kinship in the world’s first village societies

Around 10,000 y ago in southwest Asia, the cessation of a mobile lifestyle and the emergence of the first village communities during the Neolithic marked a fundamental change in human history. The first communities were small (tens to hundreds of individuals) but remained semisedentary. So-called megasites appeared soon after, occupied by thousands of more sedentary inhabitants. Accompanying this shift, the material culture and ancient ecological data indicate profound changes in economic and social behavior. A shift from residential to logistical mobility and increasing population size are clear and can be explained by either changes in fertility and/or aggregation of local groups. However, as sedentism increased, small early communities likely risked inbreeding without maintaining or establishing exogamous relationships typical of hunter-gatherers. Megasites, where large populations would have made endogamy sustainable, could have avoided this risk. To examine the role of kinship practices in the rise of megasites, we measured strontium and oxygen isotopes in tooth enamel from 99 individuals buried at Pınarbaşı, Boncuklu, and Çatalhöyük (Turkey) over 7,000 y. These sites are geographically proximate and, critically, span both early sedentary behaviors (Pınarbaşı and Boncuklu) and the rise of a local megasite (Çatalhöyük). Our data are consistent with the presence of only local individuals at Pınarbaşı and Boncuklu, whereas at Çatalhöyük, several nonlocals are present. The Çatalhöyük data stand in contrast to other megasites where bioarchaeological evidence has pointed to strict endogamy. These different kinship behaviors suggest that megasites may have arisen by employing unique, community-specific kinship practices.

Research based treatment through neuroleptics (antipsychotics) in Pakistan: Can it be trusted?

Madam, Schizophrenia is a mental illness where patients observe and interpret reality in an alternate fashion or perspective. The word is derived from Greek 'schizo' (splitting) and 'phren' (mind), with the term initially proposed by Eugen Bleuler (1908)1. The debilitating illness usually has symptoms of hallucinations, delusions, and overall distorted versions of reality. Patients may also exhibit social withdrawal, disordered speech, disorderly movement and behavioral change. Schizophrenia affects less than one per cent of the global population, and not all Pakistani clinics are equipped to manage patients mentioned above. Schizophrenia is a psychiatric illness commonly treated with antipsychotics to alessen the patients symptoms. More often than not, second generation antipsychotics (clozapine, asenapine, risperidone etc.) are used to provide a better result and adequately decrease the systematic side effects of these neuroleptics. However, what is a moment of caution for clinicians globally as well as in Pakistan, is that these second-generation antipsychotics may be causing problems bigger than just side effects like weight gain, diabetes, or hypertension. Research conducted by Mitchell et al. confirmed the high probability of second-generation antipsychotics causing metabolic syndrome in patients2 by presenting with abnormal findings that put them at cardiovascular risk. These findings include visceral adiposity, insulin tolerance, elevated triglyceride levels, and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. These drugs are not only affecting first- world countries but are bringing about more significant influence in third- world countries. Pakistan lacks available treatments for schizophrenia, at around 96%, which is comparable to an approximately median of 32.2% globally and 69% in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs)3. From 2010 to 2015, there was a progressive rise in the use of antipsychotics in Pakistan, most commonly risperidone and olanzapine4. The onus ultimately falls on inadequate evidence and treatment protocol in first and third- world countries. However, a feasible suggestion could be knowing the minimum effective dosage of second-generation antipsychotics. Research conducted by Leucht et al. mentioned the exact dosages, to minimize lethal side effects of these drugs (aripiprazole 10 mg/1.33, clozapine 300 mg/40, risperidone 2 mg/0.27)5. To date, these drugs are still being prescribed in most countries without proper control on dosages. It is imperative for healthcare workers in Pakistan to implement an accurate administration plan for dosages considering the favourable outcomes in patients with schizophrenia.

Pathogenic bacteria modulate pheromone response to promote mating.

Pathogens generate ubiquitous selective pressures and host-pathogen interactions alter social behaviours in many animals1-4. However, very little is known about the neuronal mechanisms underlying pathogen-induced changes in social behaviour. Here we show that in adult Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites, exposure to a bacterial pathogen (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) modulates sensory responses to pheromones by inducing the expression of the chemoreceptor STR-44 to promote mating. Under standard conditions, C. elegans hermaphrodites avoid a mixture of ascaroside pheromones to facilitate dispersal5-13. We find that exposure to the pathogenic Pseudomonas bacteria enables pheromone responses in AWA sensory neurons, which mediate attractive chemotaxis, to suppress the avoidance. Pathogen exposure induces str-44 expression in AWAneurons, a process regulated by a transcription factor zip-5 that also displays a pathogen-induced increase in expression in AWA. STR-44 acts as a pheromone receptor and its function in AWAneurons is required for pathogen-induced AWA pheromone response and suppression of pheromone avoidance. Furthermore, we show that C. elegans hermaphrodites, which reproduce mainly through self-fertilization, increase the rate of mating with males after pathogen exposure and that this increase requires str-44 in AWAneurons. Thus, our results uncover a causal mechanism for pathogen-induced social behaviour plasticity, which can promote genetic diversity and facilitate adaptation of the host animals.

Determinants of Virological Failure in HIV Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART): A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in the Upper East Region of Ghana

Background: Even though highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV (Human Immune Deficiency) patients has considerably improved viral load suppression, more people still struggle to reduce viral loads. The aim of the study was to determine the associated factors of virological failure in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study involving 366 participants aged 15 years and above who were on HAART for six (6) months or longer with viral load results in 2020. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the determinants of virological failure among HIV patients at 95% confidence interval (C.I.) with a significant level pegged at a p value less than 0.05. Results: The prevalence of viral load failure was 47.0% and adherence to antiretroviral therapy was 62.6% among patients on HAART. The significant predicators of virological failure were basic education (AOR (adjusted odds ratio) = 7.36, 95% C.I = 4.91–59.71), High school/Vocational /Technical education (AOR = 4.70, 95% C.I. = 1.90–9.69), monthly salary/income ˂ GHS 375.00 (AOR = 7.20, 95% C.I. = 1.73–29.95), duration on ART for ˂1 year (AOR = 0.27, 95% C.I. = 0.10–0.75), ART regimen (Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Efavirenz) (AOR = 3.26, 95% C.I. = 1.95–11.25), 3–5 times missed medication per month (AOR = 2.86, 95% C.I. = 1.34–6.08) and ≥6 missed medication per month (AOR = 23.87, 95% C.I. = 10.57–53.92). Conclusion: Educational status, salary/income, ART duration, ART combination regimen, and number of doses missed were statistically significantly associated with virological failure in patients on antiretroviral therapy. The majority of the respondents adhered to ART, which led to moderate viral load suppression but lower than the target for 2020. There is the need to strengthen the ongoing accelerated social behavior change communication among patients on ART to enhance adherence in order to attain the new UNAIDS target of 95% viral load suppression by 2030 in the Upper East Region of Ghana.

Кибернетическая концепция глобального управления

The cybernetic model of governance, well-established at the national level, has yet to be applied in transnational and global dimensions for analytical purposes, despite favorable conditions for its implementation. Global governance practices are increasingly resembling classic cybernetic challenges, such as maintaining the planet's average temperature within a 1.5°C increase relative to the pre-industrial era. This task essentially involves the creation of climate control on a planetary scale. Its resolution demands not only an acceleration of the energy transition and changes in social behavior and economic consumption patterns at an individual level but also a consideration of the mechanisms of the planet's climatic and geological evolution. This article traces the genealogy of the cybernetic governance model from its initial description in the works of Norbert Wiener to contemporary studies in political science, identifying key concepts and limitations of this model. Utilizing the Copenhagen School of Security Studies, particularly the concept of "macro-securitization," the article justifies the selection of climate change as a crucial case for the cybernetic model of global governance. The analysis of the practice of implementing global governance in the field of climate change aligns with the main characteristics of the cybernetic model and can be viewed as its practical application. The cybernetic model's primary challenge in a global context lies in its requirement for an overarching, unified approach to complex and diverse global issues. The model's emphasis on measurable indicators poses difficulties in areas where quantifiable metrics are less apparent or where multiple competing interests and values must be balanced. This necessitates a nuanced understanding of the global political and socio-economic landscape and the intricate interplay between various actors and factors influencing global governance. The article suggests that while the cybernetic model offers valuable insights for certain global challenges, particularly in environmental governance, its broader application across diverse global governance domains warrants careful consideration and adaptation to the complex realities of global politics and policy-making.

Changes in Sociability and Preference for Social Novelty in Female Rats in Prolonged Social Isolation.

Chronic stress due to social isolation (SI) can lead to distress with negative consequences for both humans and animals. Numerous disorders caused by SI include disorders in the emotional-motivational domain and cognitive functions, as well as changes in social behavior. There are currently no data identifying the sequelae of SI when its duration is significantly increased. Although female rats have been shown to be highly sensitive to stress, research on them is lacking. The present study assessed sociability and preference for "social novelty" in a three-chamber social test in female Wistar rats in two series of experiments at different time points during prolonged SI, which began at adolescence and continued to ages 5.5 and 9.5 months. At two months of SI, rats showed an increased preference for a social object over a non-social object (increased sociability) simultaneously with the appearance of signs of a decrease in the preference for a new social object over an already familiar social object (signs of a decrease in the preference for social novelty). In a social interaction test, the rats also displayed increases in the durations of social contacts, including aggressive interactions; they showed a decrease in exploratory risk assessments (head dips from the open arms) in the elevated plus maze test and a decrease in exploratory activity. After SI lasting 8.5 months, the rats showed signs of social deficit and a marked decrease in the preference for social novelty. No signs of increased aggressiveness were found. Thus, the impact of SI on social behavior depended on its duration and, we believe, was accompanied by a change in coping strategies.

A society, a disease, a survey and the expected result

COVID-19, which affects the whole world, has affected people, societies and human relations throughout the process. The COVID-19 pandemic both limited people's social lives and changed the perspective of people who carry the virus. Anxiety, fear, haste, loneliness, worry were the most common emotions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate how social warnings affect people, the effects of death risk due to the disease, the side effects of the drugs used on behavior change, and the underlying factors. 189 cases were included in the study. The study was designed in the style of a 20-question questionnaire on the effects of covid-19 and treatment options on the behavior pattern. The responses were evaluated and interpreted as percentages. Variables on family and social behavior related to anxiety, fear, panic, and loneliness caused by COVID-19 and the drugs used in its treatment were observed. Negative effects of COVID-19 were observed in family and community relations. COVID-19 has caused psychological and sociological changes in interpersonal and social behaviors all over the world. There are differences in behavioral patterns among societies. In Turkish society, behavioral changes arising from the characteristic and patriarchal characteristics of the society have been observed. A more detailed assessment of the effects of COVID-19 and subsequent pandemics on the individual and society remains important.

Rethinking Context in Continuing Professional Development: From Identifying Barriers to Understanding Social Dynamics.

For continuing professional development (CPD) to reach its potential to improve outcomes requires an understanding of the role of context and the influencing conditions that enable interventions to succeed. We argue that the heuristic use of frameworks to design and implement interventions tends to conceptualize context as defined lists of barriers, which may obscure consideration of how different contextual factors interact with and intersect with each other. We suggest a framework approach that would benefit from postmodernist theory that explores how ideologies, meanings, and social structures in health care settings shape social practices. As an illustrative example, we conducted a Foucauldian discourse analysis of diabetes care to make visible how the social, historical, and political conditions in which clinicians experience, practice, and shape possibilities for behavior change. The discursive construction of continuing education as a knowledge translation mechanism assumes and is contingent on family physicians to implement guidelines. However, they enact other discursively constituted roles that may run in opposition. This paradoxical position creates a tension that must be navigated by family physicians, who may perceive it possible to provide good care without necessarily implementing guidelines. We suggest marrying "framework" thinking with postmodernist theory that explores how ideologies, meanings, and social structures shape practice behavior change. Such a proposed reconceptualization of context in the design of continuing professional development interventions could provide a more robust and nuanced understanding of how the dynamic relationships and interactions between clinicians, patients, and their work environments shape educational effectiveness.

Theatre for development as a competent vehicle for the eradication of domestic violence against women

Apparently, domestic violence is one of the burning social issues of global concern. In many countries of the world, including Nigeria, reports and news of how several women have been abused by their intimate partners have occupied major parts of the mass media in recent times. Often, this ugly trend causes psychological and bodily harm, and even loss of life for the victims who are majorly women and children. In fact, the negative implications of domestic violence on the victims and society in general cannot be over emphasized. Hence, the need to fight against the menace is sacrosanct. However, a number of theatre scholars like Paulo Fiere, Augusto Baol, James Atu Alachi amongst others seem to agree that theatre for development is a viable instrument for social control, behavioural change and socio-political and economic development. This paper, therefore, explores the potency of theatre for development in the fight against the aforementioned social ills. The paper adopts descriptive survey instrument of the qualitative methodology to gather and analyse its data. Among other things, the result reveals that domestic violence has negative effects on its victims and the society in general. The result also shows that theatre for development is one of the veritable tools that can be used to eradicate domestic violence issues in the society. Thus, the paper concludes and suggests that theatre for development should be employed to address the prevailing issues of domestic violence in Nigeria for sustainable national development.

Как возможно приращение знания в теологии?

This paper is devoted to the question, is it possible to increase knowledge in the field of theology like as it is possible in humanities in general. The main difficulties first of all consist in (1) confessional character of each theology, (2) in its plurality when each theology has its own concept system and original epistemological framework, (3) in the resulting incomparability of theologies. Discussing the presumably scientific character of theology, it could be useful to discern between premodern and modern understanding of the term “science”. The author argues, there do not exist insurmountable obstacles for theology to strengthen its argumentative basis, namely, theology possesses opportunity to get closer to the human sciences if it relies on empirical researches, for instance, of psychology of religion. This thesis is illustrated on two different examples from different regions and contexts: the theory of structure of religious experience by K. Girgensohn and W. Gruehn, and the theory of political aspect of religious conversion by I. Martín-Baró. The both theologies base their generalization on correct empirical research data, — like it occurs in philosophy of religion or even human sciences. The both cases demonstrate increase of knowledge: the first on from which elements does religious experience consist and how it is developing; the second on how religious conversion is tied to change of political views and social behavior of believers. Such contact of theology with empirical science of religion is in no way harmful for the both sides; it can be initiated in various traditions, which adopt the focus of broadly understood Western-born rationality.

Extending the Usefulness of the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC): Validating the Phrase Speech and Young Fluent Version.

The current study investigated the utility of the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change-Phrase Speech Young Fluent (BOSCC-PSYF) as an outcome measure of treatment response by analyzing the measure's psychometric properties and initial validity. The BOSCC coding scheme was applied to 345 administrations from 160 participants diagnosed with autism. Participants included individuals of any age with phrase speech, or individuals under the age of 8years with complex sentences. All were receiving behavioral intervention throughout the study. Test-retest and inter-rater reliability were good for the Early Communication and Social Reciprocity/Language domains, and fair for the Restricted and Repetitive Behavior domain. Significant changes occurred over time in the Early Communication and Social Reciprocity/Language domains, and Core Total scores. The BOSCC-PSYF may provide a low-cost, flexible, and user-friendly outcome measure that reliably measures changes in broad social communicative behaviors in a short period of time.

Effectiveness of road safety prevention in schools.

The World Health Organization estimates that each year, 1.3 million people are killed and more than 50 million people worldwide are injured in road traffic accidents. According to a study conducted by the Allianz Center for Technology, more young people between the ages of 15 and 29 die in traffic accidents than as a result of illness, drugs, suicide, violence, or war events worldwide. That is about 400,000 per year, globally. Worldwide traffic accident prevention campaigns demonstrate the consequences of traffic accidents in an emotionalizing way in order to encourage drivers to adopt conscious safety behavior via adequate driving behavior. The consequences of traffic accidents are demonstrated by prevention campaigns often in an emotionalizing way to encourage drivers to adopt safety measurements through adequate driving behavior. Prior research suggests that the emotionalizing effect of the appeals must be accompanied by solution- as well as action-oriented and self-confidence-increasing measures, so that the instructive message is reinforced and does not lead to reactance. Thus, a strong need arose in the schools for a targeted training as the follow-up of emotional prevention campaigns. A suitable training for knowledge acquisition and knowledge transfer into everyday life was developed by means of the design-based research method. To create the targeted follow-up, various methods from cognitive behavioral therapy and common traffic safety programs were adapted. This publication is dedicated to a first explorative research approach in a non-standardized form of a social training. It approaches the question of negative emotional states immediately after a Crash Kurs NRW stage event, which is a prevention program in Germany that targets upper middle school and high school courses and originates from North Rhine-Westphalia. Changes in social behavior and development of participants' own norms, values, and attitudes were observed and documented and are discussed and presented in this article. The result of the survey confirmed prior research and showed visible effects of reactance after the Crash Curs NRW campaign. It was found that a structured follow-up training is suitable to gain reactive behavior from the stage event. Knowledge deficits about the cause and outcome of accidents were successfully addressed in the follow-up. This may have influence the reactance behavior and could be a key factor for successful prevention campaigns. Further publications will observe the connection between knowledge and reactance in subsequent iterative passes of modified follow-ups for the Crash Course NRW Campaign.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices For Nutrition And WASH Among Care Givers Of Children Under 5 Years Old In Hajjah And Hodeidah Governorates, Yemen

Background: Appropriate feeding is important in improving nutritional status & child survival. UNICF reported that malnutrition due to food insecurity in Yemen is alarming (> 15%). The water situation in Yemen is in severe crisis and 50% of Yemen's population does not have access to safe drinking water or sanitation. The aim of this study was to identify knowledge, attitude and practices of caregivers toward nutrition and WASH of their children under 5 years old in Hajjah and Hodeidah governorates, Yemen. Methods: This was a KAP study with two-stage cluster sampling using the nutrition survey model. The principal tool to understand or define previous and current KAP towards recommended nutrition and WASH practice followed nutrition survey model which was adopted from the UNICEF’s guideline for assessing nutrition. KAP survey assesses both the short-term outcomes of social behavior change activities like a change in knowledge or attitudes but also the medium and long-term outcomes, such as a change in actual behavior and the resultant practices. Results: There is good knowledge on breastfeeding, and its initiation within one hour after birth; and the breast milk ideal food for 0-6 months aged child. However, benefits of breastfeeding on mother is absolutely unknown by 39.9%. Average duration of breastfeeding is 18.5 months; however, cease of breastfeeding among 42.1% mothers was due to lack of breast milk. Only 1 in 5 children received daily 4+ items of food which indicates low rate of minimum diet diversity. 44% of households are using unprotected wells as a main source for their domestic/drinking water needs. In addition, there is potential contamination of water during handling inside house that highlights importance of providing more training about water handling at household level. Open defecation is practiced by 57.9% of households, 53.6% dispose the wastes behind the house. Overall 38.46% of HHs have latrines. About half of women wash hands after using the toilet, 38.2% before cooking, 65.7% before eating and 35.5% before feeding the child. No hand-wash premises among almost all households. Conclusion: There is a positive return on good nutrition practice and WASH practices of DRC investment.

Early life sleep disruption has long lasting, sex specific effects on later development of sleep in prairie voles

In mammals, sleep duration is highest in the early postnatal period of life and is critical for shaping neural circuits that control the development of complex behaviors. The prairie vole is a wild, highly social rodent that serves as a unique model for the study of complex, species-typical social behaviors. Previous work in our laboratory has found that early life sleep disruption (ELSD) in prairie voles during a sensitive window of postnatal development leads to long lasting changes in social and cognitive behaviors as well as structural changes in excitatory and inhibitory neural circuits in the brain. However, it is currently unknown how later sleep is impacted by ELSD, both shortly after ELSD and over the long term. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the effects of ELSD on later life sleep, compared to sleep in normally developing prairie voles. First, we conducted tethered electroencephalogram/electromyogram (EEG/EMG) recordings in juvenile prairie voles undergoing ELSD, compared to Control conditions. Second, we conducted 24 h of home cage tethered EEG/EMG recordings in either adolescent or adult male and female prairie voles that had previously undergone ELSD or Control conditions as juveniles. We found that, as adults, male ELSD prairie voles showed persistently lower REM sleep duration and female ELSD prairie voles showed persistently higher NREM sleep duration compared to Controls, but no other sleep parameters differed. We concluded that 1) persistent effects of ELSD on sleep into adulthood may contribute to the social and cognitive deficits observed in adult voles, and 2) sleep disruption early in life can influence later sleep patterns in adulthood.

Fashion consumption practices of millennials women: between fast and slow fashion

Purpose: The ephemeral nature of fast fashion has influenced a change in people's thinking around the world about its production and consumption practices. This change in social behavior has been noticed, as people question the current way of consuming and provoke what has been called slow fashion. In this way, how is the adherence to 'practices' of fashion consumption, considered as slow fashion, by young women, an age group inserted in the millennials classification? Would it be a transition from fast to slow?Design/methodology/approach: This research has a qualitative approach, and its type is classified as exploratory, making use of the interview as a data collection technique.Findings: The results showed a steady consumption within the large retail of fast fashion due to low prices, convenience, and easy access. However, the interviewees showed trends in positioning for the consumption of slow products.Originality/value: It is concluded that fast fashion, until nowadays, is the concrete and hegemonic practice of fashion consumption, and it is not possible to view it as an ex-practice, since the three criteria of its classification still remain connected. As for slow fasion, this is in a proto-practice state, as component elements are identified, but connections have not yet been made.

Evaluating Change Behaviour Training Model for Improving Nutrition Knowledge and Counseling Skill among Peer Couselors in Malang District

Capacity strengthening and interpersonal communication are important in social behavior change communication and would support accelerating the reduction of stunting in Indonesia. Participating actively in learning during the training model can increase capacity among the family support team and the community health workers as peer counselors. The study evaluated the changed behavior training model for nutrition knowledge and counseling skill among peer counselors. The nutrition training using active participation learning was conducted through participants' small discussions on complementary feeding problems and counseling practice. The total participation is 125 from family support teams and community health workers. The study used a mixed methodology with cross-sectional study and open interviews to explore perceived participant training on child feeding problem and couseling skills. A pre-post evaluation of nutrition knowledge showed a significant improvement score (p<0.005). At the end of the training, participants' nutrition knowledge score increased to 17 points, and the proportion of the high category of nutrition knowledge improved from 0.4% to 13.5% (p<0.005). The change behavior training model can increase counseling skills and identify barrier factors of breastfeeding and complementary feeding among peer counselors. 

Family emotional communication in caring for patients with Covid-19 at Home: Personal experience and story

This photo essay pictures my journey as temporary head of the family in creating good and conducive conditions for all family members during Covid-19 outbreak. Family emotional communication is important in building resilience and strength in dealing with how we live in one roof when one or two of the family members diagnosed with Covid-19. We suffered anxiety and depression during the home isolation. For that, I have to implement peaceful communication, with correct information and ensure that these conditions are things that must be lived together, so that openness is needed for all families about what they feel, what they think, what they want, and what is needed because a disease pandemic situation that affects people's psychology widely and massive, starting from the way of thinking in understanding information about health and illness, changes in emotions (fear, worry, anxiety) and social behavior (avoidance, stigmatization, healthy behavior). We also optimise the chatting application to communicate, and share our updates with the other loving family members and friends. The current condition has changed, after all family members are declared healthy and with a new order in society, we are jointly committed to sticking to health protocols at home, for example always wearing masks and face shields, always washing hands diligently, maintaining distance. all done with sincerity and joy, because it is a must so that all family members can stay healthy. All my family activities inside the house and outside the house, still pay attention to and apply health protocols. The past experience is a valuable experience for us as a family, so that we always pay attention to personal health, family and the environment around them. The family always maintains interpersonal communication, is mutually responsible for maintaining personal and family hygiene with a healthy lifestyle, and is open in communicating all problems that exist in the family. Through the ability to communicate emotions, families are expected to strengthen each other so that they can survive the covid-19 pandemic together.