Social Attribution Research Articles

A Domain Knowledge Transformer Model for Occupation Profiling

Occupation profiling is a subtask of authorship profiling that is broadly defined as an analysis of individuals’ writing styles. Although the problem has been widely explored, no previous studies have attempted to identify Chinese classical poetry. Inspired by Trudgill’s seminal work on stylistic variation as a function of occupation, we present a novel Domain-Knowledge Transformer model to predict a poet’s occupation through their poems’ writing styles. Different from other Indo-European languages, Chinese has rarely used characters and two types of writing forms: traditional Chinese and simplified Chinese. To tackle these problems, we use the language-related component to standardize our input. We also use alphabetization to satisfy the restrictions on rhyming rules and tonal styles. As a special literal form, traditional domain knowledge, for example, named entities, themes, ages and the official career path, is valuable for poet occupation profiling. However, due to the lack of appropriate annotation datasets, it is difficult to recognize these features. Therefore, we proposed the domain knowledge component employing the latent Dirichletal location model to capture the extra theme information and establish named entity dictionaries to recognize the named entity of the datasets in this study. Finally, in the deep learning component, we combine Transformer with a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to perform occupation profiling. The experimental results suggest that our model is effective in this task. Moreover, the results demonstrate an account of other social attribution features of poetry style that are predictive of occupation in this domain.

What determines citizens' recycling behavior of express delivery packaging? Empirical evidence from a comprehensive model

The dramatic increase in express delivery packaging poses severe environmental threats, making recycling a top priority. A comprehensive conceptual framework was developed for exploring citizens’ recycling behavior by integrating structuration and social network theories, and the nonlinear effects of determinants were identified. Further, the 1538 micro-data obtained from five eastern Chinese cities are used for descriptive, correlation, and ordinary least squares regression analysis. It is clarified that there are three distinct recycling behavior patterns, the most prevalent of which is collection station recycling behavior (CSRB), followed by mart equipment recycling behavior (SERB), and door-to-door recycling behavior (DTDRB). The empirical results indicate that social sanctions, responsibility attribution, and centrality positively predict recycling behaviors. Place attachment strengthens SERB and DTDRB. Notably, the authority effect exerts inverted U-shaped effects on recycling behaviors, and trust has an inverted U-shaped effect on CSRB. This study reveals the nonlinear effects of variables, and the findings provide implications for recycling practice.

Diagnosing AI Explanation Methods with Folk Concepts of Behavior

We investigate a formalism for the conditions of a successful explanation of AI. We consider “success” to depend not only on what information the explanation contains, but also on what information the human explainee understands from it. Theory of mind literature discusses the folk concepts that humans use to understand and generalize behavior. We posit that folk concepts of behavior provide us with a “language” that humans understand behavior with. We use these folk concepts as a framework of social attribution by the human explainee—the information constructs that humans are likely to comprehend from explanations—by introducing a blueprint for an explanatory narrative (Figure 1) that explains AI behavior with these constructs. We then demonstrate that many XAI methods today can be mapped to folk concepts of behavior in a qualitative evaluation. This allows us to uncover their failure modes that prevent current methods from explaining successfully—i.e., the information constructs that are missing for any given XAI method, and whose inclusion can decrease the likelihood of misunderstanding AI behavior.

(De)Stigmatizing Depression on Social Media: The Role of Responsibility Frames

Responsibility frames on social media could shape recipients’ responses toward people with depression, which is crucial for the public (de)stigmatization of the mental disorder. Thus, the present study examines the effects of different responsibility frames (individual, social, combination) in Instagram-posts about depression on respondents’ related attributions as well as their emotional and behavioral reactions toward people suffering from the illness. Our online-experiment (N = 1,015) revealed that frames emphasizing the responsibility of one’s social network (e.g. family, friends and professionals) for depression, i.e. social frames, strengthened participants’ attributions to the social network, i.e. social attributions, most effectively. Individual frames, however, primarily intensified individual attributions to those affected by depression. Contrary to previous findings, a combination frame did not prove to increase recipients’ social attributions more than a one-sided social frame. For emotional and behavioral responses, we did not find any effects of responsibility frames compared to the control group–possibly due to buffering effects of the narrative structure of the Instagram posts.

Preservice Teachers’ Social Justice Teaching Beliefs and Attributions of Black Boys’ Classroom Behavior

ABSTRACT Research Findings: We examined whether early childhood preservice teachers’ emotional competence and commitment to social emotional learning moderated associations between their beliefs about social justice and self-reported tolerance for and conceptions of the negative costs of Black preschool boys’ challenging classroom behavior. The 164 participants were mostly White and female. Participants reported on their social justice teaching beliefs, emotional competence, and commitment to social emotional learning. Tolerance for Black boys’ challenging behavior and perceptions of the likely outcomes of behavior were assessed via hypothetical vignettes. Participants with teaching experience scored higher on emotional competence. Black boys were perceived as more likely to experience greater negative academic costs for challenging behavior. The association between social justice teaching beliefs and conceptions of Black boys’ challenging behavior as having high negative social costs was positive for preservice teachers high in emotional competence, but negative when emotional competence was low. The association between social justice teaching beliefs and conceptions of Black boys’ challenging behavior as having high negative social costs was also positive for participants low in the commitment to social emotional learning. Practice and Policy: Results are discussed in relation to early childhood teacher preparation for culturally responsive instructional and classroom management practices.

Blinding to Circumvent Human Biases: Deliberate Ignorance in Humans, Institutions, and Machines

Inequalities and injustices are thorny issues in liberal societies, manifesting in forms such as the gender–pay gap; sentencing discrepancies among Black, Hispanic, and White defendants; and unequal medical-resource distribution across ethnicities. One cause of these inequalities is implicit social bias—unconsciously formed associations between social groups and attributions such as “nurturing,” “lazy,” or “uneducated.” One strategy to counteract implicit and explicit human biases is delegating crucial decisions, such as how to allocate benefits, resources, or opportunities, to algorithms. Algorithms, however, are not necessarily impartial and objective. Although they can detect and mitigate human biases, they can also perpetuate and even amplify existing inequalities and injustices. We explore how a philosophical thought experiment, Rawls’s “veil of ignorance,” and a psychological phenomenon, deliberate ignorance, can help shield individuals, institutions, and algorithms from biases. We discuss the benefits and drawbacks of methods for shielding human and artificial decision makers from potentially biasing information. We then broaden our discussion beyond the issues of bias and fairness and turn to a research agenda aimed at improving human judgment accuracy with the assistance of algorithms that conceal information that has the potential to undermine performance. Finally, we propose interdisciplinary research questions.

Corporate Volunteering Impacts

Institutions such as the European Commission have committed themselves to promote corporate social responsibility (CSR) in their 2020 Strategy for Europe, being that an increasing number of companies are developing corporate volunteering (CV) as part of their CSR policy. The purpose of this paper is to study the impacts of CV implementation on three stakeholders: the company, the community, and the employees. Through a survey targeting employees with experience in CV, it was possible to conclude, generally, that the main perceived impact is increasing employee satisfaction level; that CV impacts are partially influenced by gender, the respondents' frequency in CV activities, and preferences; and, finally, that CV impacts are mainly explained in the company by self-serving purposes, in the community by the anticipation of benefits, and for employees by the social exchange, attribution, and identification psychological theories.

Early Iron Age Mound Near the Village Malynivtsi in Podillia

The purpose of the research paper is to introduce the materials of mound 1 near the village of Malynivtsi in the Middle Dniester region to scientific circulation. It is crucial to characterize its funeral rites, as well as to attribute the inventory complex. Burials are included in the list of synchronous antiquities of the region. The social attribution of the persons buried there is conducted.
 The scientific novelty of the work is in the general characteristic of the Early Iron Age complex from Podillia. Since its unique characteristic is the presence of both pre-Scythian and Scythian features in the rites, Malynivtsi burial complex is an important source for studying the evolution of the Early Scythian funeral rites in the Middle Dniester region, because most of the burial mounds in the region are associated with the somewhat later Kelermesskaia period.
 Conclusions. Mound 1 near Malynivtsi contained several burials performed according to both inhumation and cremation rites. Analogies to them can be found in the Middle Dniester region and they are associated with both pre-Scythian and Scythian times. The pre-Scythian features include the presence of a group of graves under one mound, burial in a cist, group burials are more common, and the peculiar positioning of the dead in one tomb with their heads in different directions. The northwestern orientation of bodies also prevails in the pre-Scythian period and could be found in most necropolises of that time. At the same time, a number of features already have parallels in the Scythian times: the topography of the necropolis on the watershed, and the burning down of the wooden constructions of the tomb. The inventory complex contains mainly handmade pottery. Tulip-shaped vessels are characteristic of the pre-Scythian period. Pots with a roller on the rim and body, or only on the rim, existed both in the pre-Scythian and Scythian times. However, the first type is not yet known among the burials of the Western Podillia group of the Scythian period. Thus, according to the combination of features of the funeral rite and inventory, Mound 1 near the village of Malynivtsi can be attributed to the turn of the Pre-Scythian and Scythian periods.

Are foreign‐born CEOs held to a higher performance standard? The role of national origin in CEO dismissals

AbstractResearch SummaryForeign‐born chief executive officers (CEOs) are increasingly common in US corporations. However, little is known about whether they are held to the same performance standard as native‐born CEOs. We examine whether CEO national origin moderates the relationship between firm performance and CEO dismissal. Drawing on social identity and attribution theories, we argue that CEO foreignness becomes more salient when firm performance is poor, increasing foreign‐born CEOs' dismissal likelihood. Using a large sample of US firms, we find that at low levels of performance, the dismissal probability for foreign‐born CEOs is 15.96% compared to 4.02% for native‐born CEOs. While the increase in foreign‐born CEOs in US corporations may reflect the declining importance of national origin for C‐suite appointments, boards' evaluations of these “elite migrants” may be biased.Managerial SummaryForeign‐born leaders are increasingly common in US C‐suites and currently manage several global firms, including Google, Microsoft, and Pepsi. But, once hired, are foreign‐ and native‐born CEOs evaluated uniformly by corporate boards? Given that CEOs are more likely to be dismissed when firm performance is low, we compare dismissal likelihoods for foreign‐ and native‐born CEOs when performance is subpar. Using a sample of 11,947 observations from firms in the Standard & Poor's 1500, we find significant disparities in the dismissal likelihoods between the two groups. At low levels of performance and ceteris paribus, the dismissal likelihood for a foreign‐born CEO is 15.96% compared to 4.02% for a native‐born CEO, highlighting biases relating to foreign origin in CEO evaluations.

Linking Intuitive Physics to Social Cognitive Attributions

Linking Intuitive Physics to Social Cognitive Attributions

Social Attribution Behavior in Newly Sighted Children.

Social Attribution Behavior in Newly Sighted Children.

Feeling warm or skeptical? An investigation into the effects of incentivized eWOM programs on customers’ eWOM sharing intentions

Marketing managers frequently provide incentives to customers to encourage electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) sharing. Yet, the literature remains unclear as to which forms of incentives are more effective than others. We conduct three experimental studies to investigate the effect of incentive type (economic vs. altruistic) on customers’ eWOM sharing intentions. Drawing on social judgment theory and attribution theory, in Study 1, we show that altruistic incentives generate higher eWOM sharing intention than economic incentives. We also reveal the mediating roles of customers’ perceptions of warmth and skepticism toward the company in the incentive type–eWOM sharing intention relationship. Studies 2 and 3 aim to identify the target customers of incentivized eWOM programs. In Study 2, we find that altruistic incentives are better provided to customers who are alone, as opposed to those with fellow customers. In Study 3, we find an interesting reverse effect of incentive type: altruistic incentives are less effective than economic incentives in producing eWOM sharing intention if customers have a weak tie with the company.

COVID-19 and Anti-Asian Racism in the U.S. through the Lens of Scapegoat and Social Attribution Theory

This study investigated the relationship between the use of China related names for COVID-19, a variety of COVID-19 information sources, and endorsement of conspiracy theory variables in the U.S. One hundred thirty-nine undergraduate students participated in an online survey in the U.S. Results indicated that the use of friends and families on social media and online, or former U.S. president Trump as a source of COVID-19 related information were the most important predictors of the level of endorsement of Chinese related conspiracy theory variables. Further, outgroup trust moderated the relationship between the use of Chinese related names for COVID-19 and endorsement of China related conspiracy theories.

Role of downward versus upward social comparison in service recovery: Testing a mediated moderation model with two empirical studies

This paper extends prior research into the role of social comparison in service recovery by investigating the role of both downward and upward social comparison. Social comparison theory and attribution theory are applied to explore the differences in how upward and downward inter-customer comparison affects post-recovery satisfaction and word-of-mouth intentions. The mediating role of distributive justice perceptions and the moderating effects of the attribution of inter-customer differences in service recovery and customers’ justice sensitivity are also examined. Two online scenario-based experimental studies show that downward social comparison leads to greater satisfaction and lower negative word-of-mouth intentions. In addition, distributive justice mediates the relationship. Finally, attribution of difference in inter-customer influence and individual-level justice sensitivity moderate these effects. Besides its conceptual contributions, the findings from this paper may help managers design more effective service recovery strategies.

Can There Be Equality And Inclusion In A Deprived Learning Environment? The Power Of Educational History And A Rethink Of Dr. B. R Ambedkar’s Envisionment For Nigeria’s Education System

The major part of this research is a historiographical type of qualitative or narrative study, aimed at linking the good works of Dr Ambedkar to the ingredients that make for success in today’s society. In order to achieve this purpose, the study engaged a systematic review of both primary and secondary data with a view to critically appraise and summarize as well as to reconcile the evidence involved with the preset research. The anchor theories were Vygotsky’s Defectology theory (1993) and Deprivation theory of Gurr (1970) which both formed the foundation on which the operating concepts of equality and inclusion in special education are laid, and commonly point to social attribution (of society) as the source of creation of discrimination. Some key concepts – Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s envisioned equality and inclusion in education, learning environment and deprivation were explained under conceptual and contextual issues. Impact of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s vision on nations and international bodies including NGOs as they relate to inclusive education were meticulously reviewed with the aim to raise an answer to the question that gave rise to the study. The paper concludes by promoting the envisaged view of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as what must be upheld in all countries particularly the least developing countries like Nigeria, as a means of not only achieving a sustained social, economic, political adjusted society that has educationally empowered persons and community through equitable access and inclusion but as a charted course to arrive at SDG4. Recommendations among others include that government should make efforts to provide education with ingredients of equality and inclusion to every learner at all levels of education to achieve development. Increased government passion for inclusive education provision, learning technology with improved learning environment, funding, teacher training among other educational needs particularly for the inclusive learners. And concluded that Since Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s vision has become the national and international vision for the global community, governments should have no option of making her education responsive to current global demands to engender sustainable development.

Effectiveness of Theory-Based Physical Activity and Nutrition Interventions in Aging Latino Adults: A Scoping Review.

In the United States (US), Latino individuals older than 50 years face health disparities compared to their White counterparts. Considering the rising life expectancy and the projected increase of older Latino adults in the US, this scoping review aimed to determine the effectiveness of theory-based and culturally relevant strategies that promote healthy aging in Latinos. Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched between December 2022 and February 2023 for peer-reviewed articles assessing healthy aging interventions tailored to community-dwelling aging Latino adults. We included nine studies describing the effects of seven interventions on physical activity- or nutrition-related outcomes. Although not always statistically significant, interventions had a beneficial impact on well-being indicators. The most commonly used behavioral theories were Social Cognitive Theory and Attribution Theory. Latino cultural elements in these studies included partnering with community organizations that serve Latinos (such as Catholic churches), delivery of in-person bilingual group sessions by trusted community members (such as promotoras or Latino dance instructors), and incorporating values such as family and religion into the health curriculum, among others. Future strategies that promote healthy aging in Latino adults should proactively culturally adapt the theoretical foundations and the design, recruitment, and implementation processes to ensure their relevance and effectiveness.

The social domains organization of mentalizing processes in adolescents: a contribution to the conceptualization of personality function and dysfunction in young people.

We propose and evaluate a contribution to the conceptualization and assessment of personality functioning based on social domains and mentalizing hypotheses. Social domains are distinct social contexts, such as with acquaintances and friends, with differentiated expectations regarding participants' behaviours and social attributions. The capacity to organize social participation according to these expectations requires the ability, we suggest, to modulate mentalizing processes domain by domain. Drawing on evidence that social domain organization is impaired in borderline personality disorder (BPD) and that hypermentalizing, a heightened interpretation of others' motives, thoughts or emotions, is elevated in adolescent BPD, we hypothesized that hypermentalizing levels in adolescents will vary by social domain and that elevated BPD features will be associated with impairment of this domain organization of hypermentalizing. Measures including the borderline personality features scale for children (BPFSC) and the movie for the assessment of social cognition (MASC) were administered to 171 adolescents aged 12-17 recruited from public schools and community organizations in a large metropolitan area in southwestern United States. Mean hypermentalizing scores were computed for adolescent interpretations of sequences in the MASC focusing on the social domains of acquaintance, friends and romantic interactions. There was a progressive increase in hypermentalizing scores across the acquaintance, friends and romantic interactions (repeated measures ANOVA, p < .001, all pairwise comparisons, p ≤ .02), which was markedly reduced in the presence of elevated BPD features (interaction term, p = .007). Hypermentalizing is organized according to social domain and this organization is impaired in the presence of elevated BPD features. The findings are consistent with the proposal that personality functioning entails a social domains organization of hypermentalizing, which is impaired in personality dysfunction. Identifying mentalizing processes domain by domain has the potential to create a personalized focus for the treatment of adolescents with personality difficulties.

Trustworthiness and Individual Differences The Impact Males Facial Structure (Width-to-Height Ratio) Can Have on Social Attributions of Others

People quickly develop opinions about others' personalities and intentions based solely on appearance and cognitive abilities, which can have serious consequences. The objective facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) has been associated with social attributions of trustworthiness, with men who have wider faces being viewed as less trustable than men with narrower faces.In this investigation, we examine the relationship between fWHR and three crucial components of perceived trustworthiness: perceived benevolence, perceived ability, and perceived integrity, with the goal of better understanding this finding. There are two experiments in my research, both within-subject experiments, using a within-subject t-test to analyze data. We will measure individuals' different judgements according to images of different fWHR. We expect that "people perceive men who are narrower-faced as being more likely to take a risk and become vulnerable to others" and "lower levels of counterproductive behaviour and having appropriate knowledge do not correlate with the facial width-to-height ratio." In addition, we anticipate that people with narrower faces will more frequently be perceived as having higher integrity than people with wider faces, whereas people with narrow faces and broad faces are equal in having higher benevolence or ability. These results suggest that fWHR influences people's social choices, which may pave the way for future research on facial appearance, perceived trustworthiness, and impression management.

Perceived Aetiology of Addiction and Stigmatizing Attitudes of Mental Health Professionals towards Substance Use Disorders Patients

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between aetiological beliefs and stigmatizing attitudes of mental health professionals towards substance use patients. It was hypothesized that bio-genetic causal attributions would have a positive relationship with stigmatizing attitudes whereas psycho- social causal attributions would have a negative relationship with stigmatizing attitudes. Method: Correlational research design and purposive sampling strategy was used to collect a sample of 100 mental health professionals (MHPs) both from government hospitals and private addiction centres. Results: Results showed that Bio- genetic causal attributions had a positive relationship with stereotypic attitudes, treatment pessimism and non- permissiveness, however, no significant relationship was observed with moralism and treatment intervention. Also, psycho- social causal attributions had a positive relationship with stereotypic attitudes and moralism whereas no significant relationship was present with treatment pessimism, non- permissiveness and treatment intervention. Conclusion: The study highlights the multifaceted nature of stigma therefore the importance of combined aetiological information in anti- stigma interventions and empirically informed curriculum to reduce stigmatizing attitudes of mental health professionals. Keywords: Perceived Aetiology, Therapeutic Attitudes, Stigmatizing Attitudes, Substance Use Disorders

A Survey of Virtual Reality Interventions for Autistic Spectrum Disorder Therapy: A Neuroscience Perspective (P1-12.006)

<h3>Objective:</h3> This review evaluates the clinical efficacy of virtual reality as a behavioral modification tool to teach and support the social-communication needs of ASD children. <h3>Background:</h3> Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) characterizes a taxonomy of disorders affecting social communication and interactive behaviors. Researchers in affective computing have begun to use virtual reality as a therapy tool for autistic individuals. This technology has demonstrated significant potential as our understanding of the social-communication deficits in autism increases. We conducted a literature review investigating the efficacy of virtual <i>reality</i> as an intervention for autism. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> A search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, CDC, and the National Autism Center databases. The search keywords were: “Affective computing Autism” OR “Affective computing ASD”. <h3>Results:</h3> Five articles were included in our analysis. <h3>Emotional facial expression recognition tasks:</h3> ASD Children demonstrated significant increases in paired t-tests comparisons of pre and post-training performance in NEPSYII Affect recognition t(24)= −3.40, p=0.001 and Attention and executive function “Fluid reasoning” t(17)= −2.33, p=0.016. Significant increases were noted on the pre-training assessment for social attribution Triangles intentionality t(23) =−2.28, p=0.016. 88% of participants accurately identified the emotional expressions portrayed by a virtual avatar. <h3>Emotional regulation tasks:</h3> VRE therapy yielded results that persisted 12 to 16 months after treatment. 89% of children were able to diminish phobia-induced anxiety and four children overcame their phobias. <h3>Virtual reality receptivity in ASD:</h3> Virtual embodied agents effectively elicited continued affective and social conversational behaviors in ASD children for approximately 60 minutes. ASD children also reported <i>significantly</i> higher ratings of enjoyability t(38)= 2.26; P= 0.03)) while using virtual technology compared to experimental controls. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Use of virtual reality as a tool for behavioral modification revealed positive application with enduring results, by demonstrating: (1) conversational spontaneity, (2) social appraisal, (3) emotional recognition, (4) anxiety and fear reduction, and (5) social-skill acquisition in autistic children. <b>Disclosure:</b> Ms. Allison has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prelock has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving as an Editor, Associate Editor, or Editorial Advisory Board Member for Springer Publishing. The institution of Dr. Prelock has received research support from PCORI. The institution of Dr. Prelock has received research support from HRSA. Dr. Prelock has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Prelock has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care. Dr. Prelock has received publishing royalties from a publication relating to health care.