Adolescent Social Anxiety Research Articles

Terjebak Dalam Ketakutan: Kualitatif Tinjauan Sistematis Kecemasan Sosial pada Kehidupan Remaja

Social anxiety in adolescents is becoming an increasingly relevant and urgent issue as adolescence is a critical period of physical, mental, social and emotional development. This study aims to understand social anxiety in adolescents by reviewing the prevalence, causes, effects and indicators of social anxiety. A qualitative systematic review method was used to analyse 10 journal articles from 2019 to 2024, which were searched using Google Scholar and Harzing publish or perish applications. The results showed that levels of social anxiety varied, with a higher prevalence in adolescent girls. Factors such as social media use, lack of confidence, openness and substance abuse were found to have a significant impact on social anxiety levels. The consequences of social anxiety include reduced academic performance, peer relationship problems, social avoidance and risk of depression. This research highlights the importance of a deeper understanding of the causal factors and effects of social anxiety in order to develop effective interventions. The results of this study should not only add to academic knowledge, but also make a practical contribution to efforts to improve the quality of life of adolescents with social anxiety problems. The limitations of this study include the limited number of articles, so it is hoped that future research will be able to analyse the results of this study.

Adolescent Social Anxiety, School Satisfaction, Family Emotional Support, and School Absenteeism: Findings from Young-HUNT3 and Norwegian National Education Data.

Background: Adolescents grappling with social anxiety may experience poor school satisfaction, resorting to school-related avoidance behaviors, exemplified by absenteeism, as a coping mechanism. Understanding the role of family support in alleviating the adverse effects of social anxiety on school satisfaction is imperative for fostering supportive educational settings. Although there is literature regarding how school satisfaction promotes positive adolescent outcomes, empirical knowledge on the interrelation between social anxiety, school satisfaction, and family emotional support is limited. This study investigates the association between social anxiety, family emotional support, school satisfaction, and school absenteeism within the theoretical framework of the stage-environment fit theory to offer insight into how family emotional support can moderate the influence of social anxiety on school-related outcomes. Methods: Utilizing a population-based sample of 1861 upper secondary school pupils from the Trøndelag Young Health study "Young-HUNT3 study", we employed an index of moderated mediation to examine the role of family emotional support in moderating the association between social anxiety and school-related avoidance behavior related to school satisfaction. Results: Family emotional support had moderated mediation association for school absenteeism (β = 0.128, 95% CI 0.019, 0.278) and extracurricular activity (β = -0.003, 95% CI -0.008, -0.000). Conclusions: This urges further investigation into the specific mechanisms and individual differences influencing these relationships, aiming to deepen our understanding of adolescents' experiences and inform comprehensive strategies for promoting their well-being within school communities.

Interpretation Bias and Adolescent Social Anxiety: The Mediating Effect of Pre- and Post-Event Rumination

Interpretation Bias and Adolescent Social Anxiety: The Mediating Effect of Pre- and Post-Event Rumination

The examination of the relationships among digital addiction, loneliness, shyness, and social anxiety in adolescents

Digital addiction, which is determined as a common problem among adolescents in the last years, affects the lives of adolescents negatively in terms of many aspects. The aim of the study is to examine the relationships between adolescents' digital addiction, loneliness, shyness and social anxiety. Gate gathered from adolescents who completed Digital Addiction Scale, Short Form of UCLA Loneliness Scale, Shyness Scale, and DSM-5 Social Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale - Child Form. The suggested hypotheses have been tested using the data gathered from 991 adolescents and hierarchical regression analysis. The research findings found a positive and significant relationship between digital addiction, loneliness, shyness and social anxiety among adolescents. Furthermore, the findings show that digital addiction, loneliness, and shyness predict social anxiety. The results obtained prove that digital addiction, loneliness and shyness have an effect on social anxiety. According to the findings, it is suggested to apply various educational interventions by mental health professionals to adolescents who show signs of digital addiction, loneliness, shyness, and social anxiety. La adicción digital, que se determina como un problema común entre los adolescentes en los últimos años, afecta negativamente la vida de los adolescentes en muchos aspectos. El objetivo del estudio es examinar las relaciones entre la adicción digital, la soledad, la timidez y la ansiedad social de los adolescentes. Gate se reunió con adolescentes que completaron la Escala de adicción digital, la versión corta de la Escala de soledad de UCLA, la Escala de timidez y la Escala de gravedad del trastorno de ansiedad social DSM-5 - Formulario infantil. Las hipótesis sugeridas se han probado utilizando los datos recopilados de 991 adolescentes y un análisis de regresión jerárquica. Los resultados de la investigación encontraron una relación positiva y significativa entre la adicción digital, la soledad, la timidez y la ansiedad social entre los adolescentes. Además, los hallazgos muestran que la adicción digital, la soledad y la timidez predicen la ansiedad social. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la adicción digital, la soledad y la timidez tienen efecto sobre la ansiedad social. Según los hallazgos, se sugiere aplicar diversas intervenciones educativas por parte de profesionales de la salud mental a adolescentes que presenten signos de adicción digital, soledad, timidez y ansiedad social.

Hubungan kepercayaan diri dengan kecemasan sosial pada remaja

Navigating complex social situations can be challenging for adolescents who lead an active social life, potentially leading to social anxiety. Social anxiety can be overcome by having self-confidence. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between self-confidence and social anxiety in adolescents. The sample in this study with 213 teenagers from several regions in Indonesia, using the Simple Random Sampling. The design of the research used is a correlational design with Pearson correlation analysis techniques with SPSS version 25. The results of the study found that r= -0,206, p= 0,002 the meaning of significant negative relationship between self-confidence and social anxiety in adolescents, meaning that the higher the self-confidence it has, the lower the social anxiety experienced, and vice versa.

Peran adverse childhood experience terhadap kecemasan sosial pada remaja

Social anxiety phenomena can occur easily because each individual has a tendency to experience social anxieties with their individual's different levels of anguish. An adverse childhood experience (ACE) is a negative experience that a person experiences during childhood, such as physical violence, sexual violence, neglect, or emotional instability in the family. Some literature shows that person with more ACE experience tend to have a higher level of social anxiety compared to those who do not experience ACE. The aim of this survey is to find out the impact between adverse childhood experience and social anxiety in adolescents. This research used quantitative approach with a correlational design. The subjects were determined using random sampling techniques with samples of 282 students. As for the ACE variable, the World Health Organization Adverse Childhood Questionnaire (WHO ACE-IQ) scale and the social anxiety variable using the SAS-A scale (Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents). The analysis of the research data uses simple linear regression analysis. The results of this study show that there is no correlation between adverse childhood experience and social anxiety. Adverse childhood experience does not have significant influence with social anxiety in adolescents.

Comparing the effectiveness of game literacy education and game coding education in improving problematic internet gaming.

Problematic internet gaming by adolescents has been thought to be associated with low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and attention problems. We hypothesized that both game literacy and coding education would effectively improve problematic internet use. However, game coding education would be more effective in enhancing self-esteem and social anxiety in adolescents than game literacy education. A total of 733 adolescent volunteers were included and randomly assigned to either the game coding education or game literacy education programs. Both programs consisted of eight sessions, each lasting 45 minutes, over four weeks. The coding education sessions included game planning and development lessons and allowed students to create the game's characters, stages, and tutorials directly using Scratch, a free coding program. Game literacy education sessions included lessons on enjoying gaming with a healthy rationale and etiquette. Data on demographics, gaming patterns, and psychological status, including positive/negative perceptions of online games, depression, social anxiety, and self-esteem, were collected. Both game coding and game literacy education significantly improved YIAS scores compared to baseline, and there was no significant difference in the YIAS scores between the two groups after the interventions. In the hierarchical logistic regression analysis of all participants, higher YIAS scores, stronger negative perceptions of gaming, and lower attention problem scores at baseline predicted lower levels of internet gaming addiction after interventions. In the hierarchical logistic regression analysis among individuals with game coding education, higher YIAS scores, stronger negative perceptions of gaming, lower attention problem scores, and higher self-esteem scores at baseline predicted lower levels of internet gaming addiction after intervention. In addition, game coding education greatly improved negative perceptions of games, self-esteem, and social anxiety compared to game literacy education. Both game literacy and game coding education effectively mitigate internet game addiction. However, game coding education effectively mitigated problematic internet gaming by improving negative perceptions of games, self-esteem, and social anxiety in adolescents. We found that the application of knowledge by students in creating their own games was more effective than simply developing a conceptual understanding of the games.

School completion and progression to higher education in adolescents with social anxiety: a linkage between Young-HUNT3 and national educational data (2008-2019), Norway.

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) most commonly develops in adolescence-a period of life that includes a transition to upper secondary school. The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which social anxiety in adolescence is associated with the completion of upper secondary school and progression to higher education. This longitudinal study includes 8,192 adolescents aged 13-19 years who participated in the Norwegian Young-HUNT 3 population-based study. Social anxiety is measured employing (1) diagnostic interview screening questions (interview) and (2) a self-reported symptom index (questionnaire). Notably, we define the cohorts based on these two methods. Using national educational data (2008-2019), we follow educational attainment among the cohorts until they turn 25 years of age. We found that adolescents who screened positive (SP) for SAD had a predicted probability of upper secondary school completion at 21 years of age that was 14% points lower than those who screened negative (SN). Further, differences remained when looking at completion rates at age 25 years. Moreover, predicted probabilities for completion were inversely associated with increasing levels of self-reported social anxiety symptoms. Similarly, the proportion of the completers of an academic program in the SP group that were enrolled in higher education by 25 years of age, were lower than for the SN group (87 vs. 92%). Social anxiety in adolescence, both self-reported symptoms and diagnostic screening, has long-term negative impact on upper secondary school completion and to some extent enrollment to higher education.

Social learning-based health literacy promotion on the self efficacy and social anxiety of adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Background and objectiveType 1 diabetes mellitus one of the biggest health concerns around the world, is difficult to manage during adolescence. Among the non-medical methods of controlling this disease is empowerment through self-efficacy. Poor self-efficacy leads to social anxiety and ultimately deficiencies in diabetes. There is also a correlation among health literacy, self-efficacy, and social anxiety. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of a literacy promotion training program based on social learning theory on the self-efficacy and social anxiety of adolescents with T1DM.MethodsThe current research is a semi-experimental type that was carried out with the cooperation of 66 adolescents aged 15–18 years with type 1 diabetes in Iran (Tehran, 2022). It has control and intervention groups. The endocrinology and diabetes clinics of the intervention and control groups were randomly selected in a multi-stage manner (endocrine and diabetes clinic of children’s medical center hospital for the control group and endocrine and diabetes clinic of Mofid hospital for the intervention group) and the participants were selected by Simple Random Sampling method (draw). The training program designed based on Bandura’s social learning theory was used to teach adolescents during seven consecutive sessions of 30–45 min during one week. Questionnaires were completed before and one month after the intervention. Data were analysed in SPSS-25 software.FindingsThe intervention for adolescents with T1DM in intervention group compared to the control group had a significant effect on improve health literacy (P<0.001), self-efficacy (P<0.001), and social anxiety (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe results can also be used to improve the capabilities of adolescents with T1DM, reduce and prevent disease complications, and develop operational-educational programs in the centers from which these adolescents receive various services.Trial registrationIRCT20210422051045N1.

The Relationship Between Body Dissatisfaction and Social Anxiety in Adolescents Using Instagram Face Filter

Introduction: Dissatisfaction with the body, especially the face, is often experienced by adolescents during their development. These feelings encourage adolescents, especially women, to try to disguise their dissatisfaction by using face filters on the Instagram application. The appearance gap between the real and virtual worlds can cause anxiety when socializing. This study aimed to determine the relationship between body dissatisfaction and social anxiety of adolescent girls who use face filters on the Instagram application. Method: The type of research used is an observational analytic correlation with a cross-sectional approach with a total sample of 165 people taken through a purposive sampling technique. The level of body dissatisfaction was measured using the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scale with a Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.866. In contrast, the level of social anxiety was measured using the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents with a Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient ranging from 0.76-0.91. Results: The results of univariate analysis using frequency distribution analysis showed that the majority of respondents had moderate levels of body dissatisfaction (24.2%) and average levels of social anxiety (52.7%), while the results of bivariate analysis using Pearson Product Moment r=0.435** (p-value=0.001) showed that the higher the level of dissatisfaction with the body, the higher the value of adolescent social anxiety levels, and vice versa. Conclusions: It can be concluded that there is a relationship between body dissatisfaction and the social anxiety of adolescent girls who use face filters on the Instagram application. Providing health education to teenage users of Instagram face filters can be given to reduce body dissatisfaction and anxiety in establishing social relationships.

IDF23-0545 Relationship between diabetes health literacy, self-efficacy and social anxiety of adolescents with type 1 diabetes

IDF23-0545 Relationship between diabetes health literacy, self-efficacy and social anxiety of adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Peer victimization and social anxiety in adolescence: a comparison between migrant and native students in Italy.

The first aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between bullying victimization and social anxiety in native and migrant adolescents in Italy. Specifically, it was hypothesized that migrant adolescents (in comparison with natives) experience more frequent episodes of bullying victimization, which in turn, may be a risk factor for the development of social anxiety symptoms. The second aim of the study is to explore the relationships from reflected minority categorization to perceived ethnic discrimination at school and social anxiety symptoms, in the subgroup of migrant students. Results showed that the migrant (vs. native) status was predictive of higher scores in social anxiety dimensions (Fear of Negative Evaluation, Social Avoidance and Distress in New Situations, and General Social Avoidance Distress), via the mediating effect of increased peer victimization. Moreover, in the subgroup of migrant participants, an indirect effect of reflected minority categorization on social anxiety was observed, mediated by perceived ethnic discrimination at school. These findings may contribute to the understanding of health inequalities among migrant and native people in the Italian context. Limitations and practical implications of the study were discussed.

Negative Flashforward Imagery in Adolescent Social Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study of Imagery Reports and a Short EMDR Intervention.

Psychological treatments for social anxiety disorder (SAD) in adolescents have shown poorer outcomes than for other anxiety disorders. A relevant factor to consider for improving outcomes may be negative imagery. In this pilot study, we examined negative 'flashforward' imagery of feared catastrophic outcomes in adolescents with SAD and evaluated the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a short eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) intervention targeting this imagery. We used a case series design with a 1-week baseline period. Outcomes included symptoms of social anxiety and avoidance related to selected social situations and features of associated flashforward imagery as the proposed mechanism of change during the intervention. We found that six out of seven assessed adolescents reported to experience flashforwards and rated image distress, vividness and threat appraisal as high. In these six participants (aged 14-17 years old), the short EMDR flashforward intervention appeared feasible and was followed by a decrease in social anxiety and avoidance in five participants, while no notable changes were observed during the baseline period. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in flashforward imagery features in at least five participants. Nonparametric tests of the overall (group-based) changes during the intervention period partially supported these findings. Limitations include the small sample size and the lack of a control group. Results suggest that vivid and distressing flashforward imagery is a common experience and that targeting flashforwards with EMDR may be beneficial in treating social anxiety in youth. Further experimental research on effects and added value to current treatments is necessary. Trial Registration: Dutch Clinical Trial Register (National Trial Register [NTR]): NL8974.

SOCIAL ANXIETY SCALE FOR ADOLESCENTS (SAS-A): RELIABILITY TEST

Background: Adolescents often experience social anxiety caused by acts of body shaming carried out by their friends. This condition causes adolescents to feel that they are not accepted by their surrounding environment. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the reliability of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A). Design: This research uses descriptive analysis research with a cross-sectional approach. Methods: This research was conducted on May 15, 2023 at Madrasah Aliyah Raden Rahmat, Mojowarno, Jombang. The research instrument used was the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents which was adopted from Firdausi (2018) which consists of 18 favorable questions. The research instrument consists of three components, including Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE), Social Avoidance and Distress with New Social Situation and Unfamiliar Peers (SAD-New), and Social Avoidance and Distance General (SAD-G). Data analysis carried out was Mean, Standard Deviation (SD), and reliability test (Cronbach Alpha) using SPSS 21. Results: Based on the research results, it was found that the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents had high reliability test results marked by a Cronbach's Alpha value of .855 (Min = 40.0; Max = 77.0; Mean = 57.94; SD = 10.216). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents is very suitable for use in assessing social anxiety in adolescents at Madrasah Aliyah.

The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Interventions versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Social Anxiety of Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Interventions versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Social Anxiety of Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

BODY DISSATISFACTION, KECEMASAN SOSIAL PADA REMAJA PEREMPUAN

When interacting socially, not all teenage girls will feel safe, because in reality there are still many teenage girls who feel anxious and uncomfortable when dealing directly with their surroundings and thus experience social anxiety. One of the factors that influences it is body dissatisfaction. This research aims to determine the effect of body dissatisfaction on social anxiety in adolescent girls. High levels of body dissatisfaction can lead to serious consequences, such as eating disorders, depression, and anxiety. Additionally, social anxiety can limit social participation and affect interpersonal relationships. Sampling used the Nonprobability Sampling technique with the Incidental Sampling method. This research involved 347 teenage girls aged 12-21 years. The measuring instruments used in this research were the body dissatisfaction scale (29 items, α = 0.964) and the social anxiety scale (26 items, α = 0.922). The research results show that there is a significant influence of body dissatisfaction on social anxiety in female adolescents (p = 0.000 &lt; 0.05) with an influence size of R square = 45.4% and the direction of the relationship between the two variables is positive with a value of r = 0.674. This means that if body dissatisfaction increases, social anxiety will also increase and vice versa, if body dissatisfaction decreases, social anxiety will also decrease.

Parent-Adolescent Informant Discrepancies and Clinician Alignment: Implications for the Assessment of Adolescent Social Anxiety Disorder

ABSTRACT The present study had the following aims: 1) Evaluate the degree of discrepancy between parents and their adolescents when reporting social anxiety; 2) Determine if reporting discrepancies between parents and adolescents predict social anxiety severity and impairment ratings following treatment and; 3) Assess if clinician-rated social anxiety severity more strongly aligns with parent- or adolescent-reported social anxiety. Participants included 58 adolescents (12–16 years of age; Mage = 14.29, SD = 1.30; 70.7% female) who participated in a randomized clinical trial. Participants and their parents separately completed the diagnostic interview and self-report measures regarding social anxiety. Results indicate significant parent-adolescent discrepancies regarding the adolescent’s social anxiety; however, parent and adolescent discrepancies were lower on specific feared social situations. Additionally, results demonstrate that correspondence in parent-adolescent reporting was associated with improved treatment outcomes. Lastly, results indicate that clinicians more strongly aligned themselves with parental report of social anxiety.

Comorbidity of loneliness and social anxiety in adolescents: Bridge symptoms and peer relationships

RationalePrevious research investigating the comorbidity of loneliness and social anxiety symptoms in population samples has relied on latent variable modeling in which averaged scores representing dimensions were derived from observed symptoms. Studies have not examined how loneliness and social anxiety co-occur at the symptom level or their relations with peer relationships. ObjectiveThis study examined the comorbidity of loneliness and social anxiety and the role of peer relationships (i.e., the number of reciprocated friends, friendship quality, and bullying victimization) in adolescents’ co-occurring network using a large sample of Chinese adolescents. MethodsWe performed a network analysis in a sample of Chinese adolescents (N = 2601, 51.6% male, M age = 13.9 years, SD = 0.60). Participants completed self-report measures of loneliness, social anxiety, bullying victimization, and friendship quality as well as peer nomination measures of the number of reciprocated friends. ResultsNetwork analysis revealed that feeling ridiculed, fear of being rejected, having difficulty asking others to do things together, and feeling left out at school were essential bridge symptoms in the co-occurrence of loneliness and social anxiety. Bullying victimization had more positive associations with symptoms of social anxiety, and friendship quality had more negative associations with symptoms of loneliness. ConclusionsThe findings provide preliminary evidence for the comorbidity of loneliness and social anxiety symptoms in adolescents. The results also highlight the potential importance of targeting peer relationships in the prevention and intervention of loneliness and social anxiety symptoms. The combination of longitudinal networks and interventions on bridge symptoms may provide further insight into the development of the links between peer relationships, loneliness, and social anxiety symptoms.

The Effect of Relative Pubertal Maturation and Perceived Popularity on Symptoms of Depression and Social Anxiety in Adolescent Boys and Girls.

Research has shown that adolescents - particularly girls - who mature relatively early often experience more internalizing problems. This effect is thought to be partially driven by psychosocial mechanisms, but previous research based relative pubertal maturation on complete samples or population standards, instead of considering the adolescents' direct peer environment. In the current study the level of adolescents' pubertal development was assessed relative to their classmates in order to examine relative pubertal maturation. The effects of adolescents' relative pubertal status, and their perceived popularity, on symptoms of social anxiety and depression in adolescents were studied. All analyses were also performed for absolute pubertal maturation. Participants were 397 young adolescents (Mage = 13.06, SD = 0.36, 49.9% girls) at timepoint 1, and 307 (Mage = 14.08, SD = 0.36, 50.5% girls) at timepoint 2. A significant positive relationship was found between relative pubertal timing and symptoms of depression for girls but not boys. Social anxiety symptoms were not significantly related to relative pubertal timing in either sex. Relative pubertal maturation had no effect on change in or persistence of depressive and social anxiety symptoms one year later. The effects of the comparison with the immediate peer environment, did not seem to explain more variance in internalizing symptoms than the effects of early maturation.

Role of Family Environment in Self-Esteem and Social Anxiety in Adolescents

The family environment incorporates the conditions and social environment circumstances inside families. Families where guardians are extremely strict and do not offer the youngsters opportunity to express, as a result their kids demonstrate low self-regard and poor association with society. In this manner, the present investigation was directed with a specific end goal to look at the relationship between family environment, self-esteem and social anxiety among adolescents. A sample comprised of 270 adolescents 110 boys and 160 girls of 9th and 10th grade were selected through convenient sampling technique. Family Environment Scale, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents were used to assess study variables. Results revealed system maintenance negatively predicted social anxiety. Moreover, family relationships and system maintenance positively predicted self-esteem. Self-esteem did not mediate the relation between family relationships, personal growth, and system maintenance with social anxiety in adolescents. This study is important for adolescents counselling.