Social Administrations Research Articles

Does Context Matter? Governance Models in Local Administration

Purpose: Over the past decades, public administration scholars and practitioners around the world have experimented with various administrative reforms to design governance models suitable to fulfil the tasks of public administration. Amidst this ongoing debate, (at least) three different and competing governance models can be distinguished: New Public Management, New Public Governance, and the (Neo-)Weberian model. Despite each of these models claiming universal legitimacy, specific administrative branches in different administrative systems operate in unique contexts and handle varying tasks. The article delves into the question of whether and to what extent different branches of public administration within the same administrative system adopt global public administration ideas in a similar fashion.Design/Methodology/Approach: The article employs a comparative design to analyse the adoption of global public administration concepts across different administrative branches. Given their shared rigid Weberian tradition but divergent tasks and context, the study uses the German financial and social administrations as examples. The findings are derived from a survey of local agencies.Findings: The study reveals a persistent influence of strong Weberian traditions on the structural and operational makeup of both branches, indicating a significant path dependency in governance understanding. The characteristics of New Public Management and New Public Governance are comparatively more prominent in social than in financial administration, which can be attributed to differences in tasks and relations, especially with political actors.Academic contribution to the field: In addition to supplementing existing detailed analyses of the (non-)success of specific public administration reforms, the study takes a comprehensive view of the long-term development of public administration structure and perception, spanning multiple reforms. While acknowledging the formative influence of administrative tradition on the entire public administration system, the focus is on the nuanced effects of administrative traditions on diverse organisations, encouraging future comparative research.Originality/Significance/Value: In addition to the contribution to the field, our comparative methodology and empirical study makeup show the advantages of concentrating on a minimal number of paradigms that can be delineated as clearly as possible, instead of operationalising public administration reforms with a multitude of (potentially country-specific) indicators. With this approach, we lay the groundwork for the extension of the comparative design to other countries and administrative systems.

“No German, No Service”: EU Migrants’ Unequal Access to Welfare Entitlements in Germany

While existing research has analysed the intersecting migration and social security law, which stratifies migrants’ formal social entitlements, less work has been done on the informal stratifications beyond the law that determine substantive social rights. This article illustrates the informal barriers to de facto benefit receipt that intra‐EU migrant citizens may experience when claiming social assistance in local German job centres, regardless of their manifest legal entitlements. Focussing on informal, yet commonly institutionalised practices of language discrimination, analysis of 103 qualitative, in‐depth interviews reveal recurring patterns of administrative exclusion beyond individual instances of discriminatory behaviour. The unwritten rules and everyday practices shaping administrators’ claims‐processing routines often go against what the law or administrative procedures proscribe, and could be considered as forms of discrimination. The former may be explained by institutional constraints, such as a performance‐orientedmanagement culture, legalistic claims‐processing, or superficial diversity policies. By shedding light on how inequalities in access are constructed in daily administrative practice, this article adds to existing empirical knowledge on how informal inequalities in access emerge at different stages of the benefit claiming process, in contrast to formal social rights on paper, as well as social administrations’ handling of diversity in a context of transnational social protection.

Welfare Mediators as Game Changers? Deconstructing Power Asymmetries Between EU Migrants and Welfare Administrators

Under EU law, EU citizens constitute a particular group of immigrants, as they can, mostly without restrictions, move to, and reside in, another EU country, enjoying equal treatment with nationals in terms of accessing employment and social rights. However, as this article demonstrates, the settlement of EU citizens in another member state does not happen without hurdles. Through a careful in‐depth study of access to transnational welfare rights in practice, we analyse knowledge and resulting power asymmetries impacting interactions between certain EU migrant claimants and street‐level bureaucrats in Austrian and German social administrations. Following an inductive approach, based on an extensive data set of 144 qualitative interviews, this article first unpacks the different types of knowledge asymmetries relating to administrative procedures, formal social entitlements and the German language. We then analyse how such knowledge asymmetries may open space for welfare mediation in order to compensate for a lack of German language skills and to clarify misunderstandings about legal entitlements and obligations embedded in the claims system. Finally, our contribution offers a typology of welfare mediators and their characteristics, as not all types can be regarded as equally effective in reshaping power asymmetries. Overall, this article allows for insights into how welfare mediators, as more or less institutionalised opportunity structures, can shift policy outcomes in unexpected ways, enabling access to social benefits and services for otherwise excluded EU migrant citizens working, or seeking to work, in another EU member state.

“No German, No Service”: EU Migrants’ Unequal Access to Welfare Entitlements in Germany

While existing research has analysed the intersecting migration and social security law, which stratifies migrants’ formal social entitlements, less work has been done on the informal stratifications beyond the law that determine substantive social rights. This article illustrates the informal barriers to de facto benefit receipt that intra‐EU migrant citizens may experience when claiming social assistance in local German job centres, regardless of their manifest legal entitlements. Focussing on informal, yet commonly institutionalised practices of language discrimination, analysis of 103 qualitative, in‐depth interviews reveal recurring patterns of administrative exclusion beyond individual instances of discriminatory behaviour. The unwritten rules and everyday practices shaping administrators’ claims‐processing routines often go against what the law or administrative procedures proscribe, and could be considered as forms of discrimination. The former may be explained by institutional constraints, such as a performance‐orientedmanagement culture, legalistic claims‐processing, or superficial diversity policies. By shedding light on how inequalities in access are constructed in daily administrative practice, this article adds to existing empirical knowledge on how informal inequalities in access emerge at different stages of the benefit claiming process, in contrast to formal social rights on paper, as well as social administrations’ handling of diversity in a context of transnational social protection.

Welfare Mediators as Game Changers? Deconstructing Power Asymmetries Between EU Migrants and Welfare Administrators

Under EU law, EU citizens constitute a particular group of immigrants, as they can, mostly without restrictions, move to, and reside in, another EU country, enjoying equal treatment with nationals in terms of accessing employment and social rights. However, as this article demonstrates, the settlement of EU citizens in another member state does not happen without hurdles. Through a careful in‐depth study of access to transnational welfare rights in practice, we analyse knowledge and resulting power asymmetries impacting interactions between certain EU migrant claimants and street‐level bureaucrats in Austrian and German social administrations. Following an inductive approach, based on an extensive data set of 144 qualitative interviews, this article first unpacks the different types of knowledge asymmetries relating to administrative procedures, formal social entitlements and the German language. We then analyse how such knowledge asymmetries may open space for welfare mediation in order to compensate for a lack of German language skills and to clarify misunderstandings about legal entitlements and obligations embedded in the claims system. Finally, our contribution offers a typology of welfare mediators and their characteristics, as not all types can be regarded as equally effective in reshaping power asymmetries. Overall, this article allows for insights into how welfare mediators, as more or less institutionalised opportunity structures, can shift policy outcomes in unexpected ways, enabling access to social benefits and services for otherwise excluded EU migrant citizens working, or seeking to work, in another EU member state.

BIMBINGAN PRIBADI-SOSIAL UNTUK SELF-EFFICACY SISWA DAN IMPLIKASINYA PADA BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DI SMK DIPONEGORO SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA

The reason for this investigation is to portray the execution of individual social direction for understudies at SMK Diponegoro, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta and to depict individual social direction for growing high self-viability and fortifying low self-adequacy for understudies at SMK Diponegoro, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The sort of exploration utilized is subjective quantitative examination. The strategy utilized in this examination is meeting, scale, and documentation. The consequence of this exploration is that the execution of individual social direction administrations comprises of 4 phases, specifically the arranging stage, execution stage, assessment organize and follow-up. The type of the execution of individual social direction administrations at Diponegoro Professional School with backhanded strategies incorporates old style direction, joint effort with homeroom instructors, home visits, IKMS, and direction sheets. The material introduced incorporates inspiration, self-assurance, confidence, self-change, and controlling feelings. The type of execution with the immediate technique incorporates singular direction, bunch direction, and individual guiding. Individual social direction for the turn of events and reinforcing of understudies' self-adequacy got a decent reaction with a normal score of 86.7.

The consequence of logistics development toward economy and local community (the case of Bangkok, Thailand)

This research was to define the Logistics Development Toward Economy and Local Community in the Urban Area around Bangkok Metropolitan, Thailand, Besides, observe the necessary planning, implementing, and monitoring.The appropriate analysis units are derived from the research questions and used to determine the data collection scope. Purposive sampling was used to select 28 Thai stakeholders and academics who influenced the planning, funding, construction, and monitoring of logistic infrastructure development in Thailand or those affected by logistic infrastructure in Thailand. The researchers designed semi-structured with open-ended questions. Besides, used in-depth interviewing and observation as instruments for data collection. Choosing 28 participants who understand road infrastructure planning, investments, construction, formulation, implementation, and monitoring of economic development strategies generated information-rich data, which was the study’s primary goal.Kanchanapisek road project prompts economic and social change by making the network’s association with the network, developing productsand ventures, incitement or speculation exercises, and the help of another foundation advancement example, schools, medical clinics. Transportation Foundation has, as of late, been credited for supporting different social administrations and giving admittance to schools, emergency clinics, and business places.Unfortunately, there are the issues disregarded, and hardly any endeavors have been made to decrease them.The policymakers should intercede to decrease every one of these effects and the methods for mediation that is generally attractive to create the most practical result in financial, social, and ecological terms.

Mathematical Modeling Approaches for Blockchain Technology

These days blockchain innovation has become a significant issue as of late and greatly affected the business. Even though blockchain innovations was reliable for security issues, advantageous administrations, and difficulties for procedure assumes a significant key job that we have to break down. To have a superior observation about this square chain innovation, we will find out about the essential security highlights like-expanded limit, better security, unchanging nature, quicker settlement, and decentralized framework. The range of blockchain applications limits from budgetary, human services, vehicle, chance administration, Internet of things to open and social administrations. In this paper, by examining its structure to various agreement calculations just as difficulties and openings, we endeavor to lead an expansive going review on blockchain innovation and also the few mathematical models behind this blockchain technology.

Institutional facilitation for learning improvement with consideration of students’ voices

This study investigates the students’ perceptions regarding their voices towards improvement in learning at public and private sector universities in Pakistan. These voices are collected by the Quality Enhancement Cells of the varsities through either technological tools or other ways. To understand how this data is utilized, a self-constructed and validated tool was utilized to get information about four categories; understanding of the term student voices, inquiry of learning process; university facilitation for best learning and implementation of student voices. Using purposive sampling technique, a survey of 112 under graduate students from four fields of studies (social sciences, natural sciences, business administrations and languages) from a Public and Private Sector University each from District Lahore was conducted. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 22, and t-test and chi-square was performed to measure the difference in institutional facilitation of public and private sector universities. One-way ANOVA was applied to check the effects of student’s status in the class on the inquiry of learning process. The study indicated statistically significant effect of public and private sector on students’ perceptions regarding institutional facilitations for learning improvement. The study also reported the significant effects of student’s status on the inquiry of learning process. It is suggested that further studies need to explore how and where the students’ voices are being used for planning, assessment and course development.
 Keywords: Institutional facilitation, students’ voice, Higher Education, Pakistan

Pharmacists in Home/Hospice/Palliative Care Settings

Medication-related problems are common among home care patients who take many medications and have complex medical histories and health problems. The goals of home health care services are to help individuals to improve function and live with greater independence; to promote the client’s optimal level of well-being; and to assist the patient to remain at home, avoiding hospitalization or admission to long-term care institutions. Home care is an arrangement of care given by gifted experts to patients in their homes under the heading of a doctor. Home medicinal services administrations incorporate nursing care; physical, word related, and discourse dialect treatment; and therapeutic social administrations. Doctors may allude patients for home social insurance administrations, or the administrations might be asked for by relatives or patients. The scope of home social insurance benefits a patient can get at home is boundless. Contingent upon the individual patient’s circumstance, care can extend from nursing care to specific therapeutic administrations, for example, research facility workups. Normal analyses among home social insurance patients incorporate circulatory infection, coronary illness, damage and harming, musculoskeletal and connective tissue sickness and respiratory malady.

INVESTIGATING THE MODIFICATIONS IN PROPERTIES OF CLAYEY SOIL UTILIZING PPC FOR VARIABLE DYNAMIC COMPACTION

Road improvement is one of the significant parts of developing foundation which is growing at a quick rate; the development of roads is of real concern in India as it elevates access to monetary and social administrations, creating horticultural income and productivity employment. In India the greatest impediment to give a complete system of road framework is the constrained funds accessible to build road by the conventional method. The nearby accessible soil is not satisfactory for supporting the reiteration of high business vehicles on consistent road width results into weakening of roads. Clay soils change fundamentally in volume with change in water substance are the reason for distortions to structures that incurs cost taxpayers several billion rupees every year in the India. This paper manages a research facility examination of soil as CL as per Indian Standard (1498 – 1970). To the untreated soil adjustments utilizing the doses of 1 and 2 % PPC are carried out. At first the tests are directed to focus physical & engineering properties of natural soil by directing research center tests furthermore to assess the change in properties by the addition of stabilizers to be utilized as a part of pavement design for economy.

Enforcing Mobility: Spatial Mobility under the Regime of Activation

Spatial mobility is rarely investigated with a view on social policy and welfare administrations. Yet, recent activation and workfare policies have increased pressures on the unemployed, with one of these pressures concerning spatial mobility, i.e. the requirement to accept jobs that entail long commuting hours or even relocation. This paper investigates the shift towards activation in Germany, focusing on increased demands on job-seekers’ mobility, and uses a governmentality perspective, supplemented by the concept of symbolic violence, to gain insight into the strategies and practices deployed by Public Employment Service (PES) staff to produce ‘mobile selves’. It demonstrates that perceptions of (im)mobility figure prominently in the assessment not only of job-seekers’ labour market prospects but also of their character and motivation to seek work. Thus, the personal and familial implications of mobility are considered as mitigating circumstances mainly in the case of older jobless with poor labour market prospects. The majority of job-seekers, and particularly those living in regions with high unemployment, are subject to efforts on the part of PES staff to make them understand the necessity of being as mobile as possible; if such insight is found wanting, pedagogical devices are deployed to enhance job-seekers’ mobility.

Is there regionalism after municipal amalgamation in Toronto?

This article reflects on the results of metropolitan governance restructuring in Canada’s largest city, Toronto, during the ‘long 1990s’, the time period roughly between the collapse of international property markets in the late 1980s and the events of 9/11/01. We alsodiscuss more recent developments including the establishment of more moderately liberal and social democratic administrations in Ontario and Toronto. Based on this context, we develop our arguments about globalization and unequal re‐scalings, and the re‐territorialization of political action and social movements. Through a discussion of the search for new ‘fixes’ at the city‐regional scale in Toronto, particularly in the sectors of competitiveness, transportation and the environment, we highlight how social movement demands have been rearticulated in the period following revisions of municipal governance mechanisms such as the debates about the municipal charter in Toronto.

Les seuils de pauvreté monétaire : usages et mesures

A recent study published by the Observatoire national de la pauvreté et de l’exclusion sociale (ONPES) attempted to evaluate the position of different family types in the income hierarchy by comparing the incomes of these families with different poverty lines (Concialidi, 2002). These observations were the subject of “methodological challenges2” focusing in particular on the measure of poverty lines. Instead of retaining a poverty line based on the survey data, as is usually done by the INSEE and other economic and social administrations, the poverty line used to make the comparisons in this study were calculated on the basis of macro-economic data produced at the national level. The study deadlines and limited space to report on the results did not allow for a sufficiently detailed and rigorous explanation of the methodological choice. This article aims to compensate for this shortcoming by examining, more generally, the methods used to construct poverty lines and their uses.

STEPS ‐ Structures Towards Emancipation, Participation and Solidarity: A European Project to Combat Discrimination against People with Learning Disabilities

People with learning disabilities are one of the most marginalised groups in European society, rarely recognised as full citizens with equal rights. The European action research programme STEPS focuses on structures, instruments and methods to combat discrimination against people with learning disabilities and aims at full participation and free access to material, cultural and social resources. Partnerships between providers, social welfare administrations, universities and groups of people with learning disabilities in five European countries are defining the project. From England, the Tizard Centre, Parkside NHS Trust, and Kensington and Chelsea Social Services are partner members in the network, and the overall project is financed by the EU community action programme to combat discrimination.

Economic, Social, and Technological Forces Shaping Road Administrations

A conceptual model of the development of road administrations that is driven by economic, social, and technological forces is described. Different economies based on agriculture and industry or on services and knowledge produce different road transport characteristics. Technological change affects the demand among transport modes, and recent developments in communications and information technology are now having a major effect on road transport systems and the internal management of road administrations. Road networks undergo different phases of development, categorized as birth, growth, upgrading, and maturity. There is a correlation between economic and social development and these road network phases, with developing countries mainly involved in network growth and developed countries mainly focused on network upgrading. Some countries are observing a slowing of increases in car ownership and road travel demand as they move into a more mature phase. Road administrations have responded to these external forces as their road networks have developed. Institutional reform has occurred to bring clearer lines of accountability in policy, regulation, funding, procurement, and delivery functions. Further reform is occurring to take account of the greater involvement of both the community and the private sector in the planning, funding, and delivery of road transport improvements. There is an ongoing need for road administrations to develop different capabilities as road networks develop. The predominant skill base shifts from engineering during road network growth to management using community-based performance indicators during the network upgrading phase. In the mature phase still greater management skills are needed to integrate road transport with other transport modes, partner with the private sector, and incorporate new information and communication technologies into management processes.

Modern Social Democracy and European Welfare State Reform

The European political landscape in the 1990s was characterised by centre-left parties returning to power in several countries after long periods in opposition. Following intensive internal debates over policy direction and policy revision, once back in power some centre-left governments in some countries have used terms such as the ‘third way’ and ‘new social democracy’, or the ‘Neue Mitte’ as an indication that contemporary policies should be seen as distinct from those pursued by both previous social democratic administrations and neo-liberal governments in the interim (e.g. Gamble and Wright, 1999; White, 2001). What, if anything, exactly constitutes the ‘third way’ has been a matter of considerable debate, as has been the question of how far traditional social democratic values and aspirations, such as solidarity and equality, are still relevant within ‘third way’ policies. More than previously, modern social democratic policy is geared towards reducing non-wage labour costs, fostering private forms of social protection, such as funded pensions, intensifying labour market integration and subsidising low-skilled jobs, but also incorporating new social risks and new social needs (Vandenbrouke, 2001).