Social Accommodation Research Articles

The Impact of Relative Deprivation on Social Accommodation Among Ethnic Groups in Afghanistan

The Impact of Relative Deprivation on Social Accommodation Among Ethnic Groups in Afghanistan

Sex differences in the impact of social relationships on individual vocal signatures in grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus).

Vocalizations coordinate social interactions between conspecifics by conveying information concerning the individual or group identity of the sender. Social accommodation is a form of vocal learning where social affinity is signalled by converging or diverging vocalizations with those of conspecifics. To investigate whether social accommodation is linked to the social lifestyle of the sender, we investigated sex-specific differences in social accommodation in a dispersed living primate, the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), where females form stable sleeping groups whereas males live solitarily. We used 482 trill calls of 36 individuals from our captive breeding colony to compare acoustic dissimilarity between individuals with genetic relatedness, social contact time and body weight. Our results showed that female trills become more similar the more time females spend with each other, independent of genetic relationship, suggesting vocal convergence. In contrast, male trills were affected more by genetic than social factors. However, focusing only on socialized males, increasing time as cage partners caused greater divergence in males' trills. Thus, grey mouse lemurs show the capacity for social accommodation, with females converging their trills to signal social closeness to sleeping group partners, whereas males do not adapt or diverge their trills to signal individual distinctiveness. This article is part of the theme issue 'The power of sound: unravelling how acoustic communication shapes group dynamics'.

THE PHENOMENON OF SOCIAL ACCOMMODATION AS A SUBJECT OF SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

In the article, the author conducted a theoretical analysis of modern psychological literature on the problem of social accommodation and determined that social accommodation includes various psychological components that affect the way people interact and adapt to others in social situations. The psychological components of social accommodation may vary from individual to individual, but developing and improving these skills can contribute to improved social accommodation and interactions with other people. Social accommodation is the process by which an individual changes his or her behavior, speech, or thoughts to meet the demands or expectations of another person or social situation. Social accommodation can be conscious or unconscious, sometimes it is use to reduce conflict or ensure harmonious social interaction. Social accommodation usually aims to ensure harmonious social interaction and avoid conflicts in specific situations. The purpose of the article is to conduct a theoretical analysis of modern research in psychological science and reveal the essence of the phenomenon of social accommodation. Social accommodation can be an important element of social adaptability, but it is important to remember that accommodation must balance; sometimes its excessive use can lead to the loss of one's own identity or need. The study of social accommodation in psychology and other social sciences is an important and dynamic direction, since the perspectives of further research may be the study of the influence of cultural factors on social accommodation and the study of social accommodation, which can help to better understand the ways of resolving conflicts and conducting effective negotiations, as well as the influence of social accommodations for attitudes towards oneself and others, etc.

Drivers and prospects of over-urbanization of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Over-urbanization appears to be one of the distinctive traits of cities of developing countries because population growth surpasses economic development. This study is among the first research in Africa to examine the major drivers and prospects of over-urbanization. We determined the city's Land Support Capacity (LSC), social accommodation capacity, and crowdness using Yeats and Multiple Regression Models. The theoretical frameworks that guide this study are modernization and dependency theories. Findings showed that Addis Ababa is over-urbanized due to population growth, internal migration, weak economic structure, and policy failure. With an LSC of 0.017, the city is overcrowded, i.e. the population outnumbers the LSC. The regression model showed that household size and income had a significant relationship with crowdness. Effective urban development policies are necessary to balance population growth and economic development. This might be accomplished by curbing Addis Ababa's primacy rate and directing governmental investment toward secondary towns and rural areas.

Between and Beyond Metamorphosing Identity:

This paper offers a critical comparative reading of the representation of animal and racial metamorphoses in Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis (1915) and A. Igoni Barrett’s Blackass (2015), respectively, with a view to underscoring how the processes and consequences of metamorphosing identity foreground biopolitics. While the first novel muses on the transformation of Gregor Samsa, a human being, into a monstrous vermin, the second novel, a farcical take on Kafka’s narrative, traces the transformation of Furo Wariboko, a black Nigerian, into a white-skinned man. The comparison is premised upon two axes: first, the human-animal interaction and tension that inform anthropocentric speciesism on one hand and the civilized-white/savage-black binary opposition on the other; second, the circuits of economic privilege and social accommodation. Exploring the ways in which we identify ourselves and are identified by the people in power, the paper locates the identity rubric of the human subjects in two different settings where the logic of the world is disturbed by unusual transformations and the disabled/non-disabled binary is put in a dialogue. In its enterprise of unmasking disability from its hegemonic referents, the paper incorporates insights from Disability Studies, Critical Posthumanism, Critical Race Theory, and Critical Animal Studies. By exploring the potential of debility’s capacitation, that is, the extraction and exploitation of “body maiming” and/or “body capacities” in The Metamorphosis and Blackass, this paper suggests a non-anthropocentric interspecies vision of affective politics.

Радикальний іслам та державна влада в Криму до 2014 року: кейс Хізб ут-Тахрір

The looming danger of radical Islamism and religious struggles for hegemony effectively converged in the local Ukrainian context in the case of Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islami (HTI), or the Islamic Party of Liberation. For want of a more notorious Islamist group in Ukraine, this organization became treated in various media as the main local embodiment of extremist and terrorist threat. Likewise, despite the fact that the actual number of HTI’s followers or sympathizers in Crimea remained uncertain, due to its high public visibility, in the pre-2014 period the movement often stepped into the spotlight as the number-one rival for the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Crimea and the Mejlis, the chief representative bodies of Crimean Tatars. Thus, although the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in March 2014 completely derailed the dynamic of HTI’s development in the region, an analysis of its previous activities there can still become an important contribution to an in-depth understanding of the movement’s dichotomous nature as a global phenomenon, as well as its relations with the state and its strategies of social accommodation in European settings. Hence, this article offers a more nuanced and comprehensive look at this HTI’s development in the peninsula prior to the beginning of the Euromaidan protests (November 2013), focusing on its involvement in local politics and interactions with law enforcement agencies and the government authorities. Special attention is paid to the public discourses of HTI in the Ukrainian milieu and the key elements of its self-representation for the general public as posing no existential threat to Ukraine’s socio-political and cultural order.

How cure was justified: rhetorical strategies for the treatment of colour vision deficiency in the 1970s and 1980s in Japan

As colour vision deficiency (CVD) is hereditary and incurable, it is widely known that people with CVD do not need treatment, but rather appropriate social accommodation. Regardless, some practitioners of complementary and alternative medicine have attempted to treat CVD. By investigating the rhetorical strategies of these therapists who allegedly treated CVD in Japan in the 1970s and 1980s, this study analyses how they justified treating CVD despite the widespread prevalence of social accommodation. These therapists argued that treatment alone could remove the ‘dirty’ vision of people with CVD, even though it was clear that any trouble because of CVD can be mitigated through social accommodation. This finding has implications for understanding the history of the emancipation of people with CVD, enhancing the disability rights movement to refute the medical model that discounts the effects of social accommodation, and identifying how it demarcates itself from social accommodation.

University students and the normalisation of illicit recreational drug use

ABSTRACT The last decades have seen an increase in the use of illicit recreational drugs. In this article we take a detailed look at the current state of normalisation of the three most popular illicit recreational drugs among Dutch university students in the Netherlands (MDMA/Ecstasy, cocaine and amphetamine) by zooming in on five established aspects of normalisation and expanding on one of those aspects: social accomodation, by adding a behavioural subcomponent (setting of use). For this purpose, we used quantitative data, obtained from four studies (2016, 2017, 2019 and 2020) among Dutch university students in a prototypical university city in the Netherlands (Groningen). Results show that three aspects of normalisation are clearly observable. The drugs are perceived as highly accessible, the last year prevalence of use is high, and experimenting, especially with MDMA/Ecstasy, is common. Accurate knowledge of the drugs and acceptance of occasional use, account in some measure for social accommodation. However, as students do not talk openly about their drug use with everyone in their environment, one cannot speak of cultural accommodation. Thus, although clear signs of normalisation of illicit recreational drugs, especially MDMA/Ecstasy, are observable among Dutch university students, there is no full-scale normalisation of these drugs.

Prenatal Education Process Based on Local Wisdom in Indonesia

The pregnant activities, namely, the existence of classes for pregnant, can add insight and knowledge about pregnancy, pregnancy care, childbirth, and postpartum through educational counseling conducted by competent health workers. During the pregnancy, the women should remain in harmony with others to avoid stress, and the most important point is to always consume nutritious food for health. Good behavioral education for pregnant women includes social accommodation, forming friendships with family and neighbors, helping others, and tending to control emotions during pregnancy. Nutritional education during pregnancy includes knowledge about nutritional issues for pregnant women, how to consume nutritious foods and drinks, and the benefits of nutrition for mothers and fetuses. All pregnant women studied used a Sanro (shaman) to accompany them during pregnancy until delivery, even though there were medical personnel. Local wisdom becomes part of the approach in childbirth, to accompany them during pregnancy until delivery, even though there are health workers. Prenatal education models are still used by the pregnant women, especially in rural areas of Indonesia.

Crisis management for COVID-19 disease pandemic in the social welfare system with social accommodation providers and organized housing services

Kriza, bez obzira na obilježja, uzroke ili vrstu, može ugroziti pojedince, skupine i društvo. Općenito, pa tako i u sustavu socijalne skrbi, kriza može značiti usporavanje ili zaustavljanje redovnog funkcioniranja, što nužno zahtijeva reakciju koja bi rezultirala ponovnom uspostavljanju predkriznog djelovanja ili njegovu poboljšanju. U članku je predstavljen model upravljanja krizom u sustavu socijalne skrbi na horizontalnoj i vertikalnoj razini, s naglaskom na pružatelje socijalnih usluga smještaja i organiziranog stanovanja. Za potrebe ovog rada prikazani su podaci iz prvog vala pandemije koje je prikupilo ministarstvo nadležno za poslove socijalne skrbi. Rezultati su pokazali važnost kriznog upravljanja i krizne komunikacije na vertikalnoj i horizontalnoj razini, a koje se ogledalo u poduzimanju pravovremenih i učinkovitih intervencija, dobroj organizaciji i kontinuiranom praćenju s ciljem zaštite korisnika i zaposlenika. U članku je dan prikaz prve intervencije sustava socijalne skrbi u krizi uzrokovanoj pandemijom bolesti COVID-19. Izneseni podaci upućuju na koordinaciju i krizno upravljanje u prvom valu COVID-a-19 te daju smjernice za buduća postupanja s ciljem jačanja kompetencija nadležnih dionika i zaštite korisnika sustava. Ključne riječi: kriza, pandemija bolesti COVID-19, pružatelji socijalnih usluga, sustav socijalne skrbi, krizno upravljanje

“The Disabled Community Is Still Waiting for Equality”: What do Users Have to say About Sexual Reproductive Health of Persons With Disabilities in Online News Comments

Drawing from the literature of the internet as a public sphere, the present study investigates online news comments related to sexual reproductive health of people with disabilities (PWDs) published in The New York Times and The Guardian. We analyzed 3,633 online comments published between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019, using thematic analysis. The findings revealed eight major themes: economic consequences; gender; stereotypes; awareness and education; independence and autonomy; medical standpoint; media portrayal; and social justice and accommodation. Further, our study found that 47% of online commenters from The NYT and 49.3% from The Guardian had a positive perception that PWDs should have equal access to sexual reproductive health, compared with non-disabled people. Our study also revealed that comments in The NYT were more focused on the legal issues in the United States, while comments in The Guardian emphasized positive media representation and human aspects of the issue.

Longitudinal impact of changes in the residential built environment on physical activity: findings from the ENABLE London cohort study

BackgroundPrevious research has reported associations between features of the residential built environment and physical activity but these studies have mainly been cross-sectional, limiting inference. This paper examines whether changes in a range of residential built environment features are associated with changes in measures of physical activity in adults. It also explores whether observed effects are moderated by socio-economic status.MethodsData from the Examining Neighbourhood Activity in Built Living Environments in London (ENABLE London) study were used. A cohort of 1278 adults seeking to move into social, intermediate, and market-rent East Village accommodation was recruited in 2013–2015, and followed up after 2 years. Accelerometer-derived steps (primary outcome), and GIS-derived measures of residential walkability, park proximity and public transport accessibility were obtained both at baseline and follow-up. Daily steps at follow-up were regressed on daily steps at baseline, change in built environment exposures and confounding variables using multilevel linear regression to assess if changes in neighbourhood walkability, park proximity and public transport accessibility were associated with changes in daily steps. We also explored whether observed effects were moderated by housing tenure as a marker of socio-economic status.ResultsBetween baseline and follow-up, participants experienced a 1.4 unit (95%CI 1.2,1.6) increase in neighbourhood walkability; a 270 m (95%CI 232,307) decrease in distance to their nearest park; and a 0.7 point (95% CI 0.6,0.9) increase in accessibility to public transport. A 1 s.d. increase in neighbourhood walkability was associated with an increase of 302 (95%CI 110,494) daily steps. A 1 s.d. increase in accessibility to public transport was not associated with any change in steps overall, but was associated with a decrease in daily steps amongst social housing seekers (− 295 steps (95%CI − 595, 3), and an increase in daily steps for market-rent housing seekers (410 95%CI -191, 1010) (P-value for effect modification = 0.03).ConclusionTargeted changes in the residential built environment may result in increases in physical activity levels. However, the effect of improved accessibility to public transport may not be equitable, showing greater benefit to the more advantaged.

A door opening from Syria to Turkey; migration and the process of social acceptance and accommodation: Hatay and Karabuk provinces

This descriptive, cross-sectional study administered a questionnaire to 616 Syrian refuges, evaluating the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and their views on the processes associated with social acceptance and cultural and social accommodation. The problems encountered among Syrian refuges after migration included expensive housing costs, language problems, difficulties making a living and education problems. Various problems were identified among subgroups, associated with working life and cultural differences. However, according to this study, Syrian refugees believed that the processes of social acceptance and the social accommodation of refugees by local populations had begun.

Cannabis Normalization Among Young Adults in a Nigerian City

Drug normalization has been researched extensively in the West. Yet, we know little about how drug use is normalized in non-Western contexts. Drawing on interviews with young adults, this study is the first to explore illicit drug normalization in Nigeria. Cannabis was widely available and easy to access and students were part of the supply chain. Citing therapeutic and functional benefits, participants normalized cannabis consumption, using it to prepare soup, noodles, and birthday cakes. Unlike women, who may give up cannabis use due to stigmatization and marriage, men had no plans to stop its use. Gender determined drug-taking practices and social accommodation of drug users, suggesting differentiated normalization. Men who used cannabis were accommodated by their peers, unlike women, who were stigmatized by female non-users. In general, the findings highlight a shift in illicit drug use practices and noticeable gendered and differentiated social accommodation among peers, although cultural acceptance of illegal recreational drugs remains at the margin.

The effect of moving to East Village, the former London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Athletes' Village, on mode of travel (ENABLE London study, a natural experiment)

BackgroundInterventions to encourage active modes of travel (walking, cycling) may improve physical activity levels, but longitudinal evidence is limited and major change in the built environment / travel infrastructure may be needed. East Village (the former London 2012 Olympic Games Athletes Village) has been repurposed on active design principles with improved walkability, open space and public transport and restrictions on residential car parking. We examined the effect of moving to East Village on adult travel patterns.MethodsOne thousand two hundred seventy-eight adults (16+ years) seeking to move into social, intermediate, and market-rent East Village accommodation were recruited in 2013–2015, and followed up after 2 years. Individual objective measures of physical activity using accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) and geographic location using GPS travel recorders (QStarz) were time-matched and a validated algorithm assigned four travel modes (walking, cycling, motorised vehicle, train). We examined change in time spent in different travel modes, using multilevel linear regresssion models adjusting for sex, age group, ethnicity, housing group (fixed effects) and household (random effect), comparing those who had moved to East Village at follow-up with those who did not.ResultsOf 877 adults (69%) followed-up, 578 (66%) provided valid accelerometry and GPS data for at least 1 day (≥540 min) at both time points; half had moved to East Village. Despite no overall effects on physical activity levels, sizeable improvements in walkability and access to public transport in East Village resulted in decreased daily vehicle travel (8.3 mins, 95%CI 2.5,14.0), particularly in the intermediate housing group (9.6 mins, 95%CI 2.2,16.9), and increased underground travel (3.9 mins, 95%CI 1.2,6.5), more so in the market-rent group (11.5 mins, 95%CI 4.4,18.6). However, there were no effects on time spent walking or cycling.ConclusionDesigning walkable neighbourhoods near high quality public transport and restrictions on car usage, may offer a community-wide strategy shift to sustainable transport modes by increasing public transport use, and reducing motor vehicle travel.

Testing the communication model of intergroup interdependence: the case of American and Canadian relations

ABSTRACT This paper expands the theoretical base of intergroup and intercultural communication by testing a new communication model of interdependence (CMII), defined in terms of the embedded nature of groups Giles, M., R. Pines, H. Giles, and A. Gardikiotis. 2018. “Towards a Communication Model of Intergroup Interdependence.” Atlantic Journal of Communication 26 (2): 122–130. doi:10.1080/15456870.2018.1432222. Introducing a new visual representation of it, propositions of CMII are tested, by invoking relationships between the U.S. and Canada as they change over time. Relevant self-report outcomes include: social connectedness, language attitudes, and communication accommodation. How awareness of de-interdepending, and whether explicitly invoking the construct ‘interdependence’ is associated with outcomes, was also examined. Results indicated sufficient support for tenets of the theory to excite future empirical programmatic endeavours.

Authority, Illocutionary Accommodation, and Social Accommodation

ABSTRACT By appeal to the phenomenon of presupposition accommodation, Rae Langton and others have proposed that speakers can gain genuine authority over their audiences when they implicitly claim such authority and the audience accommodates them. I address this argument in two ways. First, I explain where and why we should expect authority within particular conventional practices to be able to be gained by accommodation, considering the balance of values and norms that authority claims implicate. Second, I argue that audiences will often have good reason to accommodate the speaker without recognising a claim of authority over them. To explain how audiences can accomplish this, I propose the mechanism of social accommodation. In social accommodation, audiences exercise control over the context in order to bring speakers and their utterances into conformity with background social norms, including moral, legal, and religious norms. In this way, audiences can impose their understanding of the prevailing valid norms onto speakers.

Deviant Christians: Romanization and Esoterization as Social Strategies for Survival Among Early Christians

Abstract This paper explores the relationship between deviance and esotericism, particularly as this relationship relates to the emergence of new religious movements and the processes of social accommodation and resistance. Applying sociological models for the study of deviance, I show how emergent Catholics use a variety of accommodation strategies to better fit into Roman religious expectations, constructing a public face to their worship along with ancestral ties. As they do this, the emergent Catholics dissociate themselves from other Christians, like groups with gnostic orientations, whom they have marked as different from themselves and a liability for the survival of Christianity. They begin to argue that these “other” Christians are the deviant ones, not themselves. Their willingness to Romanize certain aspects of their religion reduces the tensile relationship between their new religion and the surrounding society, increasing their ability to attract and maintain new recruits. To make matters more complicated, gnostic groups largely resist accommodation to Roman religious expectations, a strategy that powers their countercultural critique of the hegemony of Rome. They esoterize their groups by privatizing and converting their deviance into secret social capital. The choice to maintain their deviance by limiting access to their internal social networks affects their ability to recruit, grow, and sustain their communities in the long term. The social politics of deviance goes a long way to explain the rise of Catholicism and its domination over other forms of Christianity.

Other Tongues at Work: Foreign Language Accommodation in Multilingual Organizations in the U.S.

ABSTRACTForeign language minorities are a ubiquitous part of the 21st century workforce, yet they are underrepresented in the diversity management literature. What little is known about workplace foreign language use tends to emphasize nonnatives’ challenging experiences. This research investigates whether natives' experiences with and reactions to foreign languages further elucidate the workplace integration difficulties nonnatives face. Drawing on social identity theory and communication accommodation theory, this study documents the types of foreign language encounter native workers experience in the United States, and how they react to situations where they don't understand what is being said around them. Participants' recollections of and responses to a foreign language experience were solicited through critical incident methodology. Participants' narratives (n = 157) reveal that natives experience a foreign language at work with internal and external constituents, and that these encounters are task-related or social. Natives' reactions suggest 4 types of communication accommodation orientations toward foreign language use (i.e., enforced monolingualism, conditional monolingualism, functional multilingualism, and proactive multilingualism), ranging from conservative to proactive. The authors conclude with implications for research and managerial practice.

PETIK LAUT: Social-Ideological Accommodation in the Fishermen Community of Kedungrejo Muncar Banyuwangi

This research aims to showing how accommodating the differences of two traditions ideologically and socially can create tolerance and peace in a plural society. The plurality of Muncar such ethnicity, religion, culture and class-economy could protect the conflict. They more choose the public interest than personal interest. The social reality of Muncar is showing with ritual Petik Laut which combines between Islamic and Osing tradition. Cosmologically both of them are different, Islam believes in the singular God and the Osing believes in the plural God. The main problem of this research is how the ideological and social accommodation between the Islamic and Osing tradition can work. So my conceptual framework of research that syncretism is the accommodation of differences which can create society to be peaceful. And the ritual collective is the combining media of how the differences because the ritual has the collective goal which is reached by society as the actors.This research shows that the differences of religion and ideology in the multi-ethnical and cultural society have potentials for conflict. But the conflict can be protected by involving the social agents of society like santri and kejawen in order to avoid riot. The ideological problem is significant and sensitive and it is easy to create raise strong emotions among the fishermen. The wrong interpretation of ideology can be fatal. However the coastal society generally is known as less temperamental and open-minded person and permissive for the religious and ideological plurality. Their attitudes which want to show ‘dignity’ (jati diri) are the characteristic of the coastal society. This attitude manifests in the petik laut ritual by involving the symbols of religions, cultures and ethnicities in Kedungrejo.The Kedungrejo society majority is Islam but they believe in Ratu Reja Mina as the fish Queen although it is the Osing belief. The honor for the Sayid Yusuf as the historical figure of the Petik Laut history is done together by them. These beliefs complete the Islamic belief for Prophet Hidir. The coastal cosmology of Kedungrejo is the result of accommodating between Islam and Osing. So it became the local ideology which can avoid the conflict. Because left one of two ideologies can create the ideological conflict in society. They are still doing the process for the survival society life peacefully although they have the different interpretation about ritual petik laut. The conflict of economy as the consequence of the work system between jaragan and pandiga, and the environmental conflict between fabric and society can assimilate in this ritual because the social function of petik laut can accommodate all of the elements of society even religion to include in this ritual. So the person who has the certain conflict became the ritual as the mediation for building up the social cohesion (silaturohmi) among the fishermen community, religious institution and the organization of the pesantren’s alumni. From the social accommodation, the social cohesion came back to unity so that peace can return to Kedungrejo.Â